SELECTED BIBLIOGRAPHY

PRIMARY SOURCES

Books

Merezhkovsky, Dmitri Sergeevich. Aleksandr Ii Dekabristy. Berlin, 1925. -. Aleksandr Pervyi. st. Petersburg, 1913. -. Birth of the Gods. trans. N. Duddington. New York, 1925. -. Bol'naia Rossiia. In Polnoe sobranie sochinenii. Vol. 15. St. Petersburg, 1914. -. Budet radost'o Petrograd, 1916. -. Bylo i budet: dnevnik 1910-1914. Petrograd, 1915. -. Calvin. trans. C. Andronikoff. [Paris], 1941. -. Dante. ZUrich, 1939. -. December 14. trans. N. Duddington. London, 1923. -. Dve tainy russkoi poezii. Petrograd, 1915. -. Gogol i chort. Moscow, 1906. First serialized in Novyi Put' (1903 no. 1-3, as

"Sud'ba Gogolia." -. Griadushchii Kham. In Polnoe sobranie sochinenii. Vol. 14. st. Petersburg, 1914. -. lesus Manifest. trans. E. Gellibrand. London, 1935, New York, 1936. -. lesus the Unknown. trans. C. Matheson. New York, 1933. -. L'Europe face a l'URSS. Paris, 1944. -. Gippius, Zinaida; Filosofov, Dmitri. Le Tsar et la Revolution. Paris, 1907. -. Life of Napoleon. trans. C. Zvegintsov. New York, 1929. -. Litsa sviatikh ot Iiususa k nam: Pavel, Avgustin. Berlin, Petropolis, 1937.

Franksisk Assizkii. Berlin, Petropolis, 1938. Zhanna d'Ark. Berlin, Petropolis, 1938. -. Luther. trans. C. Andronikoff. [Paris], 1941. -. Messia. Petrograd, 1916. -. Michaelangelo. New York, 1930. -. Napoleon, the Man. trans. C. Zvegintsov. New York, 1928. -. Ne mir, no mech. In Polnoe sobranie sochinenii. Vol. 13. St. Petersburg, 1914. -. Pascal. trans. C. Andronikoff. Paris, [1941]. -. Perventsy svobody. Petrograd, 1917. -. Pilsudski. London, 1921. -. Polnoe sobranie sochinenii. 15 vol. st. Petersburg, 1911. -. Polnoe sobranie sochinenii. 24 vol. st. Petersburg, 1914.

1. Smert' bogov. (yulian Otstupnik). 2. Voskresshie bogi (Leonardo da-Vinchi). 3. " 4. Antikhrist. (petr i Aleksei). 5.

6. Pavel I, Aleksandr I. 7. Aleksandr I. 8.

BIBLIOGRAPHY

9. Izledovaniia-L. Tolstoi i Dostoevsky. 10. 11. 12. 13. Ne mir, no mech. 14. Griadushchii Kham. 15. Bol'naia Rossiia, Gogol. 16. V tikhom omute, M. Yu. Lermontov. 17. Vechnye sputniki.

235

18." 0 prichinakh upadka i 0 novykh techeniiakh sovremennoi russkoi literatury.

19. Ital'ianskiia novelly, Mikel'Anzhelo. 20. Vmesto predisloviia k tragedii Sofokla "Edip-Tsar';" Eskhil, Skovannyi

Prometei; Sofokl, Edip-Tsar'; Sofokl, Edip v Kolone. 21. Sofokl, Antigona; Evripid, Medeia; Evripid, Ippolit. 22. Stikhotvoreniia. 23. Simvoly, Pesni i legendy. 24. Starinnyia oktavy, Stikhotvoreniia poslednikh godoy, Izrecheniia kitaiskoi

mudrosti, Avtobiografischeskiia zametki. -. Prorok russkoi revoliutsii. St. Petersburg, 1906. -. Gippius, Zinaida; Filosofov, Dmitri; Zlobin, Vladimir. Das Reich des Antikhrist:

Russland und der Bolschewismus. Munich, 1922. -. Secret of the West. trans. Jodn Cournos. New York, 1931. -. Simvoly. St. Petersburg, 1892. -. Smert' Pavia I. Berlin, 1908. -. Stikhotvoreniia. St. Petersburg, 1888. -. Taina trekh. Prague, 1925. -. Lev Tolstoi i Dostoevsky. In Polnoe sobranie sochinenii. Vois. 9-12. First

serialized in Mir lskusstva 1900-1901. -. Tsarevich Aleksei. Prague, IN.DJ -. Vechnye sputniki. St. Petersburg, 1899. Also in Polnoe sobranie sochineni.

Vois. 17-18. -. V' tikhom om ute. In Polnoe sobranie sochinenii. Vol. 16. -. Yom Krieg zur Revolution. Ein unkriegerisches Tagebuch. Munich, 1918. -. Zachem Voskres? Petrograd, 1916. -. Zavet Belinskogo. [Petrograd] [c1916]

Articles and Periodicals

"Edip, Tsar'." Vestnik lnostrannoi Literatury, 1894 no. 1 (Jan.), pp. 5-36. -. "Groza proshla." Trud, 1893 no. 1 (Jan.), pp. 107-145. -. "Korolenko." Severnyi Vestnik, 1889 no. 5 (May), pp. 1-29. -. "Krestianin vo frantsuzskoi literature." Trud, 1894 no. 7 (July), pp. 185-202. -. Gippius, Zinaida; Filosofov, Dmitri. "Makov tsvet." Russkaia Mysl', 1907 no. 11

(Nov.), pp. 96-164.

236 BmLIOGRAPHY

-. "Meshchanstvo i russkaia intelligentsia." Poliarnaia Zvezda, 1905 no. 1 (Dec.), pp.32-42.

-. "Misticheskoe dvizhenie nashego veka." Trud, 1893 no. 4 (Apr.), pp. 33-40. -. Novyi Put. St. Petersburg, 1903-1904. -. "0 prichinakh upadka i 0 novikh techneniiakh sovremennoi russkoi literatury."

Polnoe sobranie sochinenii. Vol. 18, 175-275. -. "Otverzhennyi." Severnyi Vestnik, 1895 no. 1 (Jan.), pp. 71-112; no. 2

(Feb.), pp. 73-125; no. 3 (Mar.), pp. 1-52; no. 4 (Apr.), pp. 1-46; no. 5 (May), pp.41-88.

-. "Rytsar za priaikoi." Niva, 1895 no. 52, pp. 1,238-1,247. -. "Sylvio." Severnyi Vestnik. 1890 no. 2-5 (Feb.-May). -. "Staryi vopros po povodu novago talanta." Severnyi Vestnik, 1888 no. 11

(Nov.), pp. 77-99. -. "Umytyia rnki." Vesy, 1905 no. 9-10 (Sep.-Oct.), pp. SO-57. -. Zelenaia Lampa. Paris, 1927. -. "Zeltolitsye positivisty." Vestnik Inostrannoi Literatury, 1895 no. 3 (Mar.), pp. 71-84. -. Zapiski Peterburgskago Religiozno Filosofskago Obshchestva: 1901-1902. St.

Petersburg, 1906. Also serialized in Novyi Put 1903-1904. -. Zapiski •.• October 3, 1907. St. Petersburg, 1908. '-. Zapiski •.. 1916. Petrograd, 1916.

Unpublished Materials

Merezhkovsky-Hippius archive in possession of Temira Pachmuss at the University of lllinois at Champaign-Urbana.

SECONDARY SOURCES

Books

Aleksandrovich, Y. lstoriia noveishei russkoi literatury: 1880-1910. Moscow, 1911. -. Posle Chekhova. Moscow, 1909. Adamovich, Georgii. Odinochestvo i svoboda. New York, 1955. Anichkov, Evgenii. Literaturnye obrazy i mneniia. st. Petersburg, 1910. Balakian, Anna. The Symbolist Movement. New York, 1967. Beketova, A. Aleksandr Blok. Petrograd, 1922, reprinted The Hague, 1969. Benois, Alexander. Memoirs. 2 vols. trans. M. Budberg. London, 1960. Berberova, Nina. The Italics are Mine. New York, 1969. Bely, Andrei (Boris Bugaev). Arabeski. Moscow, 1911. -. Epopeia: Vospominaniia 0 Bloke. Moscow, 1922. -. Lug zelionyi. Moscow, 1910. -. Mezhdu dvukh revoliutsii. Leningrad, c1932. -. Nachalo veka. Moscow, 1933. -. Na rubezhe dvukh stoletti. Moscow-Leningrad, 1931.

BffiLlOGRAPHY

Berdiaev, Nikolai. Dream and Reality. New York, 1951. -. Dukhovnyi krizis intelligentsii. St. Petersburg, 1910. -. Novoe religioznoe soznanie i obshchestvennosf. St. Petersburg, 1907. -. Sub Specie Aeternitatis. St. Petersburg, 1907. Billington, James. The leon and the Axe. New York, 1970.

237

Blok, Aleksandr. Sochineniia v dvukh tomakh. ed. V. Orlov Vol. n. Moscow, 1955. Briusov, Valery. Dalekie i blizkie. Moscow, 1912. -. Dnevnik: 1891-1900. Moscow, 1927. -. Iz moei zhizni. Moscow, 1927. Chekhov, A. P. 0 literature i iskusstva. ed., D. A. Polityko. Minsk, 1954. -. Polnoe sobranie sochinenii i pisem A. P. Chekhova, 20 vols. (Pis'ma are in

vols. 13-20). ed., A. M. Egolin and N. S. Tikhonov. Moscow, 1949. Chulkov, Georgii. Gody stranstvii. Moscow, 1930. Chuzeville, Jean. Dmitri Merejkowski, L'llme Russe et nous. Paris, 1922. Davydov, Yuri. The October Revolution and the Arts. trans. Bryan Dean and

Bernard Meares. Moscow, 1967. Donchin, Georgette. The Influence of French Symbolism on Russian Poetry. The

Hague, 1958. Erlich, Victor. Russian Formalism, History and Doctrine. The Hague, 1955. -. The Double Image. Baltimore, 1964. Fedotov, Georgii. The Russian Religious Mind. Cambridge, Mass., 1946. Filosofov, Dmitri. Slovo i zhizn'. St. Petersburg, 1909. Flekser, A. V. (A. L. Volynsky). Bor'ba za idealizm. St. Petersburg, 1900. Florovsky, Georgii. Puti russkago Bogosloviia. Paris, 1937. Frank, Simon L. A Solov'ev Anthology. trans. N. Duddington. New York, 1950. Gippius, Zinaida. Literaturnyi dnevnik: 1889-1907. St. Petersburg, 1908. -. Dmitri Merezhkovsky. Paris, 1951. -. Siniaia kniga: Peterburgskii dnevnik 1914-1918. Belgrade, 1927. -. Zhivye litsa. Prague, 1925. Gofman, Modest. Kniga 0 russkikh poetakh posledniago desiatiletiia. Moscow, 1909. Golovin, K. F. Russkii roman i russkoe obshchestva. St. Petersburg, 1904. Griftsov, B. Tri myslitelia. Moscow, 1911. Gornfeld, A. Knigi i liudi. St. Petersburg, 1908. Gray, Camilla. The Great Experiment: Russian Art 1863-1922. London, 1962. Gusarova, A. Mir Iskusstva. Leningrad, 1972. Haskell, Arnold. Diaghileff, His Art and Private Life. London, 1955. Holthusen, Johannes. Studien zur Aesthetik und Poetik des russischen Symbolismus.

Gottingen, 1957. -. Twentieth Century Russian Literature: A Critical Study. trans. Theodore

Huebner. New York, 1972. In Memoriam Dmitri Sergeevich Merezhkovsky. Paris, 1944. Istoriia russkoi literatury, Vol. X. Moscow, 1954. Istoriia russkoi literatury v trekh tomakh. Vol. Ill. Moscow, 1968. Ivanov, Georgii. Peterburgskie zimy. New York, 1952. Ivanov, Vyacheslav. Po zvezdam. St. Petersburg, 1909. Izmailov, A. Pestryia znamena. Moscow, 1913. Kandinsky, Wassily. Concerning the Spiritual in Art. trans. Nina Kandinsky. New

York, 1947.

238 BmLIOGRAPHY

Kline, George. Religious and Anti-Religious Thought in Russia. Chicago, 1968. Lowrie, Donald. Rebellious Prophet: A Life of Nicholai Berdyaev. New York, 1960. Lundberg, Evgenii. Merezhkovsky i ego novoe Khristianstvo. St. Petersburg, 1914. Makovsky, Sergei. Na parnase serebrianogo veka. Munich, 1962. Maksimov, V. E. and D. Iz proshlogo russkoi zhurnalistiki. Leningrad, 1930. Maslenikov, Oleg. The Frenzied Poets. Berkeley, 1952. Mikhailovsky, N. K. Literaturnyia vospominanii i sovremennaia smuta, n. St.

Petersburg, 1910. Minsky, N. (N. Vilenkin). Na obshchestvennyia temy. st. Petersburg, 1909. Mirsky, D. S. Contemporary Russian Literature. New York, 1926. -. A History of Russian Literature. New York, 1958. Mochulsky, K. Andrei Bely. Paris, 1955. -. Aleksandr Blok. Paris, 1948. -. Vladimir Solov'ev. Paris, 1936. Pachmuss, Temira. Zinaida Hippius: An Intellectual Profile. Carbondale, 1971. Percival, John. The World of Diaghilev. New York, 1971. Pertsov, P. P. Filosofskiia techeniia russkoi poezii. St. Petersburg, 1896. -. Literaturnye vospominaniia 1890-1902. Moscow-Leningrad, 1933. -. Pis'ma 0 poezii. St. Petersburg, 1895. Pipes, Richard. Struve: Liberal on the Left. Cambridge, Mass., 1970. Poggioli, Renato. Poets of Russia: 1890-1930. Cambridge, Mass., 1960. -. Rozanov. New York, 1962. -. Theory of the Avant-Garde. trans. G. Fitzgerald. Cambridge, Mass. 1968. Sarabianov, D. Russkaia zhivopis' kontsa 1900-kh-nachalo 1910kh godov. Moscow,

1971. Schmourlo, Alexis de. La pensee de Merejkowski. Nice, 1957. Slonim, Marc. From Chekhov to the Revolution. New York, 1962. -. Modern Russian Literature. New York, 1953. _. The Russian Theatre. New York, 1962. Solov'ev, S. Bogoslovskie i kriticheskye ocherki. Moscow, 1916. Solov'ev, V. Lectures on Godmanhood. trans. Peter Zouboff. London, 1948. Stavrou, Theofanis, ed. Russia Under the Last Tsar. Minneapolis, 1969. Stepun, Fedor. Byvshee i nebyvsheesia. New York, 1956. -. Mystische Weltschau, funf Gestalten des russischen Symbolismus. MUnich, 1964. Struve, Gleb. Russkaia literatura v' izgnanii. New York, 1956. Struve, Peter. Patriotica. St. Petersburg, 1911. Terapiano, Y. Vstrechi. New York, 1953. Treadgold, Donald. The West in Russia and China. Vol. I. Russia: 1472-1917.

Cambridge, Eng., 1973. Trifonov, N. A. ed. Russkaia literatura XX veka Dorevoliutsionnyi period. Moscow,

1962. Valentinov, N. Dva goda s simvolistami. Stanford, 1968. Vengerov, S. A. Osnovnia cherty istorii noveishei russkoi literatury. St. Petersburg,

1911. -. Russkaia literatura 20-ogo veka 1890-1910. Moscow, 1914. Venohr, Lilli. Th. Mann's Verhiiltnis zur russischen Literatur. Meisenheim, 1959. Vishniak, Mark. Sovremennye Zapiski. Indiana, 1957. Wortman, Richard. Crisis of Russian Populism. Cambridge, Mass., 1967.

BIBLIOGRAPHY 239

Yushkevich, P. Novyia veianiia. St. Petersburg, 1910. Weidle, Vladimir. Russia, Absent and Present. New York, 1952. Zernov, Nicholas. The Russian Religious Renaissance. London, 1963. Zenkovsky, V. V. History of Russian Philosophy, 2 vols. New York, 1953. Zhirmunsky, V. M. Nemetskii romantizm i sovremennaia mistika. St. Petersburg,

1914. Zlobin, Vladimir. Tiazhelaia dusha. Washington D.C., 1970.

Articles, Periodicals and Portions of Books

There are literally hundreds of articles and book reviews on Merezhkovsky and the Silver Age. I have selected only the most important.

Annensky, I. "0 sovremennom lirizme." Apollon, no. 1-3, 1909. Asmus, V. "Filosofiia i estetika russkogo simvolizma." Literaturnoe Nasledstvo,

Moscow, 1937, XXVII-XXVIII, 1-53. Bedford, D. H. "Dmitri Sergius Merezhkovsky, the Forgotten Poet." Slavonic and

East European Review, XXXVI (Dec. 1957-June 1958), pp. 159-80. -. "Dmitri Merezhkovsky, the Intelligentsia and the Revolution of 1905." Canadian

Slavonic Papers, 1958, pp. 22-42. -. "Dmitri Sergius Merezhkovsky, the Third Testament and the Third Humanity."

Slavonic and East European Review, XLII (Dec. 1963-June 1964), pp. 144-60. Besan~on, Alain. "The Dissidence of Russian Painting." Michael Chemiavsky, ed.,

The Structure of Russian History, New York, 1970, pp. 381-411. Bowlt, John. "Russian Symbolism and the 'Blue Rose' Movement." Slavonic Review,

Vol. LI, no. 123, (Apr. 1973), pp. 161-81. Briusov, V. "Razgadka iii oshibka?" Russkaia Mysl', 1914, no. 3 (March), pp. 16-19. Bogdanovich [?] "Gody pereloma: 1895-1906." Sbornik kriticheskikh statei. St.

Petersburg, 1908. Chudovsky, V. "0 Merezhkovskom, Nekrasove i 0 politike v iskusstve." Apollon,

1913:2, no. 7 (July), pp. 47-52. Dahm, Helmut. "The Outlook for Philosophy and the Fate of the Slavophil

Utopia." Oberlander, Katkov, Poppe, von Rauch, ed. Russia Enters the Twentieth Century. New York, 1971, pp. 236-62.

Ellis (Lev Kobylinsky). "0 sovremennom simvolizme, 0 'deistve,' i 0 'chort'." Vesy, 1909, no. 1 (Jan.), pp. 75-82.

Filosofov, D. "Vokrug i okolo Andreeva." Rech', no. 79 (April 22, 1908), p. 2. Frank S. L. "Religiia i kultura." Poliarnaia Zvezda, 1906, no. 12 (March), pp. 46-52. Glinsky, V. V. "Bolezn iii reklama." Ocherki russkogo progressa. St. Petersburg,

1900, pp. 388-423. Griniakin, N. "Novyi Put'." Missionerskoe Obozrenie, June, 1903, pp. 1379-89. Gombricht, E. H. "The Mystery of Leonardo." New York Review of Books, vol. 4,

no. 1 (Feb. 11, 1965), pp. 3-4. Grover, Stuart. "The World of Art Movement in Russia." Russian Review (Jan.

1973), pp. 28-42. Haimson, Leopold. "The Parties and the State: The Evolution of Political Attitudes."

Cherniavsky, ed., The Structure of Russian History. New York, 1970, pp. 309-40. -. "The Problem of Social Stability in Urban Russia," Chemiavsky, pp. 341-80. Ivask, Yuri. "Epokha Bloka i Mandel'stamm," Mosty, no. 13-14 (1968), pp. 209-27.

240 BmLlOGRAPHY

Ivanov-Razumnik. "Mertvoe masterstvo." Statei kriticheskiia tvorchestva. 1 Kritika 1908-22. St. Petersburg, 1922, pp. 85-144.

Matlaw, Ralph, E. "The Manifesto of Russian Symbolism," Slavic and East European Journal. XV-XVI, no. 3 (Fall, 1957), pp. 177-91.

Melgunov, S. P. "Zashchita Merezhkovskogo." Golos Minuvshego, 1913, no. 4 (Apr.), pp. 264-68.

Minsky (N. Vilenkin). "Vokrug i okolo chuzhikh ideia." Rech' no. 91 (April 17, 1908), p. 2.

Meilakh, B. "Simvolisty v 1905 gody." Literaturnoe Nasledstvo, XXVII-XXVIII (Moscow, 1937), pp. 167-96.

Pachmuss, Temira. "Dnevnik Zinaidy Nikolaevny Gippius: '0 Byvshem'." Vozrozh­denie no. 217 (Jan. 1970), pp. 56-79, no. 218 (Feb. 1970), pp. 53-71, no. 219 (Mar. 1970), pp. 56-75, no. 220 (Apr.), pp. 53-75.

-. "Perepiska Z. N. Gippius i B. N. Savinkovym." Vozdushnye puti: Almanakh V. ed. R. N. Grinberg. New York, 1967, pp. 161-67.

-. "Zinaida Hippius: Contes d'amour." Vozrozhdenie, no. 210 (July, 1969), pp. 57-96, no. 211 (Aug. 1969), pp. 25-47, no. 212 (Sep. 1969), pp. 39-54.

-. "Zinaida Gippius: Epokha Mira Iskusstva." Vozrozhdenie, no. 203 (Nov. 1968), pp. 6-73.

-. Zinaida Gippius: Ob"iasnenia i voprosy." Vozrozhdenie no. 223 (Jul. 1970), pp. 73-83.

-. "Zinaida Gippius: Vybor?" Vozrozhdenie, no. 222 (June, 1970), pp. 50-77. Peyser, Joan. "Stravinsky and the Franco-Russian Style." in Peyser The New Music:

The Sense Behind the Sound: New York, 1971, pp. 81-138. Pogorelov, V. "Skorpion i Vesy." Novyi Zhurnal, vol. 40 (1955), pp. 168-73. Scanlan, James, P. "The New Religious Consciousness: Merezhkovskii and

Berdyaev." Canadian Slavonic Studies, Spring 1971, no. 4, pp. 17-35. Scheibert, Peter. "Die Petersburger Religios-Philosophischen Zusammenkiinfte yom

1902-1903." Jahrbucher fur Geschichte Osteuropas, 1964, XII, no. 4 (Apr.), pp. 513-60.

Stammler, Heinrich. "Julianus Apostate Redivivus: Dmitri Merezhovsky: Predeces­sors and Successors." Welt der Slaven, XI, 1966, pp. 180-204.

-. "Dmitri Merezhkovsky: 1865-1965." Welt der Slaven, XII, 1967, pp. 142-52. Stenbock-Fermor, Elizabeth. "Russian Literature from 1890-1917." In Oberlander

et al. pp. 263-86. Vengerova, Zinaida. "Poety simvolisty vo Frantsii." Vestnik Evropy, no. 9, 1892,

pp. 115-43. Vishniak, Marc. "Zinaida Gippius v pis'makh." Novyi Zhurnal, vol. 37 (1954), pp.

183-93. Yushkevich, P. "Ocherki sovremennykh religioznykh iskanie." Literaturnyi Raspad I

(1908-1909), pp. 93-121. Zlobin, Vladimir. "Gippius i chort." Novyi Zhurnal, vol. 86 (1967), pp. 63-75. -. "Gippius i Folosofov." Vozrozhdenie (Feb. 1958), pp. 90-98. -. "Poselednye d'ni Merezhkovskago i Gippius." Vozrozhdenie (Sept. 1958), pp.

137-71. -. "Zinaida Gippius: ee sud'ba." Novyi Zhurnal. Vol. 31 (1952), pp. 139-59. The following journals have been consulted intensively. Apollon. St. Petersburg, 1909-1917.

BmLIOGRAPHY

Fakely. St. Petersburg, 1906-1908. Mir Bozhii. St. Petersburg, 1892-1906. Mir Iskusstva. St. Petersburg, 1898-1904. Missionerskoe Obozrenie. St. Petersburg, 1901-1905. Niva. St. Petersburg, 1894-1896. Novoe Vremia. St. Petersburg, 1900-1914. Novyi Put'. St. Petersburg, 1903-1904. Pechat' i Revoliutsia. Moscow, 1921-1926. Poliarnaia Zvezda. St. Petersburg, 1905-1906. Russkii Vestnik. St. Petersburg, 1896-1904. Russkaia Mysl'. Moscow, 1890-1918. Russkoe Bogatstvo. St. Petersburg, 1889-1915. Severnye Tsvety. Moscow, 1901-1911. Severnyi Vestnik. St. Petersburg, 1882-1898. Sovremennyi Mir. St. Petersburg, 1907-1908. Vesy. Moscow, 1904-1909. Vestnik Evropy. Moscow, 1901-1916. Vestnik Inostrannoi Literatury. St. Petersburg, 1893-1896. Voprosy Filosofii i Pskihologii. Moscow, 1890-1905. Voprosy Zhizni. St. Petersburg, 1906. Zolotoe Runo. Moscow, 1906-1909.

Unpublished Materials

241

Matich, Olga. "The Religious Poetry of Zinaida Gippius." Ph.D. diss.: UCLA, 1969. Rice, Martin. "Valery Briusov and the Rise of Russian Symbolism." Ph.D. diss.:

Vanderbilt, 1971. Teffi (Buchinskaia). "0 Merezhkovskikh." Columbia University: Russian Archive. -. "Zinaida Gippius." Columbia University: Russian Archive. Zenkovsky, V. V. "Vospominaniia: 1900-1920." Columbia University: Russian

Archive.

Interviews

With Mark Vishniak, New York, July 30, 1968. With Vladimir Weidle, New York, April 30, 1968.

INDEX 243

INDEX

"acmeist" movement, 85, 154 Adamovich, George, 9, 217 Akhmatova, Anna, 19n, 154, 159, 231,

233 Alexander I, 173, 182 Alexandra, Empress, 230 Andreev, Leonid, 154, 157, 198, 200,

233 Antonii, Metropolitan. See Vadkovsky,

Antonii Apollon (journal), 85, 154, 157 Arnold, Matthew, 8 Augustine, Saint, 219

Bakst, Lev, 10, 83, 98, 131, 132 Bakunin, Michael, 178, 202f, 203, 204 Bal'mont, Konstantin, 4, 14, 15, 17, 20,

42, 56, 74, 80, 144, 153, 156, 159, 210£, 233

Barres, Maurice, 8n, 9n, 227 Baudelaire, Charles, 17, 21, 33, 49, 63 Bellis (Mendel) case, 165, 176£, 185, 206 Beketova, M., 212 Belinsky, Vissarion, 4n, 183 Bely, Andrei. See Bugaev, Boris Benois, Aleksandr, 10, 20, 83, 98, 134,

160, 164 Berdiaev, Nicholas, 9, 10, 36, 78, 82,

84, 98, 102f, 113f, 131ff, 147, 148f, 152n, 155, 161n, 164f, 179, 187, 192, 193, 203, 209, 217

Bergson, Henri, 164 Besan90n, Alain, 161 Beseda Circle, 177 Billington, James, 155, 232

Birle, Charles, 18 Bishop Sergy. See Stragorodsky, Niko­

laevich Bismarck, Otto von, 178 Blok, Aleksandr, 4, 19n, 23, 74, 80, 82,

131, 133, 146, 149, 157f£, 164, 210, 211, 212-214, 229, 233

"Blue Rose" movement, 154n Bohme, Jacob, 17, 85 Bolshevik Revolution, 1-7, 11£, 205£,

210-19, 224£f, 228-31 Borodin, A.P., 160 Brilliantov, AI., 139 Briusov, Valery, 4, 10, 14, 16, 17, 19n,

20, 44, 74, 75, 78, 80, 82, 129f, 147, 149, 154, 156, 157, 159, 160, 210£, 233

Brown, Norman 0., 31 Bruck, van den, Moeller, 227 Brustein, Robert, 31 Bugaev, Boris [pseudo Andrei Bely), 4,

10, 18, 19n, 23, 32, 55, 74, 80, 82, 122, 131, 132, 133, 154, 157, 158, 211, 214£, 229

Bulgakov, Serge, 78, 82, 84, 147, 148£, 155, 165, 187, 203, 228n

Bunakov-Fondaminsky, Il'ia, 163, 164 Bunin, Ivan, 157, 217 Burke, Edmund, 208, 209 Burne-Jones, Sir Edward, 145 Byron, George Gordon (Lord), 198

Cadets (Constitutional Democrats), 187, 205, 217, 231, 232

Calderon, de la Barca, 48

244 INDEX

Calvin, John, 186, 219 Camus, Albert, 7 Carlyle, Thomas, 178 Catherine the Great, 182 Chaadaev, Peter, 87, 96, 183 Chagall, Marc, 80, 212, 233 Chaliapin, Fedor, 80, 160 Chekov, Anton, 23, 44, 54n, 160, 198f Chernyshevsky, Nicholas, 4n Chulkov, George, 147, 156 "clarist" movement, 154 Cromwell, Oliver, 172, 178

D'Annunzio, Gabrielle, 227 Dante, Alighieri, 219 Davidova, A., 25 Decembrists, 173, 182f Deutscher, Isaac, 193 Diaghilev, Serge, 20, 80, 83, 84, 84n,

85n, 98, 131, 142, 160 Dobroliubov, Nicholas, 4n Dom Muruzi (Merezhkovsky's salon),

131-33, 157 "Donkey's Tail" group, 154n Dostoevsky, Fedor, 11, 13, 24, 44, 48,

54, 68, 69f, 80, 87, 96, 114-17, 119-121, 166-69, 181

Durkheim, Emile, 8

Eckhardt, Meister Johannes, 17, 85

Fakely Gournal), 156, 157 Fedorov, Nicholas, 87 Fet, Athanasius, 13, 38, 143f Figner, Vera, 164 Filosofov, Dmitri, 30, 83, 98ff, 108i,

134, 142, 147, 156, 164, 165 Flaubert, Gustave, 58, 68f Flekser, A.V. See Volynsky, A.L. Florensky, Pavel, 144 Florinsky, Michael, 159 Florovsky, George, 155, 192, 211 Fofanov, Konstantin, 13 France, Anatole, 164 Freud, Sigmund, 9n, 11Of, 194f "futurist" movement, 154, 161, 212

Gapon, Father, 185 Garshin, V.M., 25, 38, 39 Gippius, V., 98, 132 Gippius, Zinaida. See Hippius, Zinaida Goethe, J.W. von, 49, 50, 124f, 189 Gogol, Nicholas, 48, 50, 117-21 Goncharov, I.A., 44, 48, 50, 54 Goncharova, Natalia, 154 Gorky, Maxim, 18, 142, 152, 160, 198,

199f, 206 Gray, Camilla, 161, 212 "Green Lamp" group, 217 Gumilev, Nicholas, 154 Gurevich, Liubov, 45 Gusarova, A., 160

Haimson, Leopold, 6, 230 Hauptmann, Gerhart, 160 Hegel, Georg, 88, 157 Herzen, Alexander, 4n, 166 Heyerdahl, Thor, 222 Hippius, Natalia, 132 Hippius, Tatiana, 108, 132, 165 Hippius, Zinaida, 4, 10, 20, 22, 23, 24,

25, 29-30, 32, 45, 57n, 68, 73, 74, 75, 82f, 86, 97ff, 102, 108f, 131-33, 133f, 135, 139, 142, 146, 156, 158, 160, 162, 164, 164n, 165, 172, 187, 188, 205, 211n, 216, 217, 218, 223

Hitler, Adolf, 218, 227 Hofmannsthal, Hugo von, 85 HoIthusen, Johannes, 130 Huysmans, J.K., 17, 82

Ibsen, Henrik, 17f, 68, 69, 160 Iliodor, 185 Industrialization, Russian, 1, 4, 7, 37,

39, 44, 61, 79 Ivanov, Vyach~slav, 10, 19n, 78, 102,

144f, 164, 210, 233 Ivanov-Razumnik, R, 211

"Jack of Diamonds" movement, 154n Jaures, Jean, 164, 169n Joan, Saint, 219 Julian, (Roman Emperor), 110ff Jung, Carl, 50, 111

Kadets. See Cadets Kandinsky, Vasily, 80, 153f, 212 Kant, Immanuel, 11, 77, 78

INDEX

Kartashev, Anton, 132f, 134, 136, 144, 165, 205

Kerensky, Alexander, 164, 205, 231 Kicrkegaard, SOren, 126f, 197n, 201 Kommissarzhevskaia, Vera, 159, 160 Konstantinovsky, Matthew (Father Mat-

vei), 119, 120 Korolenko, V.G., 21, 24, 38 Korovin, K.A., 80

Lagarde, Paul de, 227 Langbehn, Julius, 227 Larionov, Michael, 154 Lenin, V.I., 84, 150, 152, 191, 205, 218,

231 Leonardo da Vinci, 47, 68, 78, 101-3,

11 Off Leparsky, P.I., 138, 139 Lermontov, Michael, 198 Lunacharsky, Anatole, 152 Lundberg, Evgeny, 144 Luther, Martin, 141, 185, 219

Maeterlinck, Maurice, 17, 83, 85, 145, 160

Maiakovsky, V., 154, 212, 233 Maikov, A.N., 13, 25, 38, 60 Mallarme, Stephane, 17 Makovsky, Sergei, 85 Malevich, Kazimir, 154 Mamontov, Savva, 161 Mandel'stam, Osip, 19n, 233 Mann, Thomas, 9 Mao Tse-tung, 195 March Revolution, 205 Marcus Aurelius, 34 Marinetti, F.T., 227 Marx, Karl, 194, 229 Masur, Gerhard, 8 Matvei, Father. See Konstantinovsky,

Matthew Maurras, Charles, 9n, 227 Mensheviks, 134, 205, 231, 232 Merezhkovsky, Dmitri Sergeevich: family

245

and early life, 19n, 24-29; economic status, 24, 164, 206, 220; educa­tion, 24; early friendships, 24-25; marriage, 25, 29-33, 98, 108-9, 111, 219; mother's death, 28, 35, 59, 66n; association with Severnyi Vestnik, 38, 44-46, 73; travels in the West, 39f, 4 If, 58, 68, 73, 164, 165; association with Mir lskusstva, 73, 83f; founds Novyi Put', 85, 122, 143-51; founds a church, the Glavyi, 98-100, 132, 164f; founds the Religious Philosophic Society, 98f, 133-43; his salon, Dom Muruzi, 131-33; association with Vesy, 149; with Russkaia Mysl', 160; with Zolotoe Runo, 162; in exile, 216-23; founds "Green Lamp" group and New Ship, 217; nomination for Nobel Prize, 217; death, 220, 223; and art, 4-11, 37, 43-48, 58-63, 67-69, 7lf, 73-77,87,90,114-23, 170f; and industrial­ism, 7, 18f, 37,44,55,61,79, 209f; and positivism and science, 7-9, 24, 41, 43, 44, 49, 51-53, 89f, 118, 196f; and mo­dern man in secular society, 8-9, 29, 33-36, 4lf, 61, 69f, 74f, 89-91, 118, 166, 167, 19If, 193-95, 198-201, 209-11; and socialism, 9, 90f, 166, 179, 184, 193, 197, 202-4; and paganism, 9, 11, 58-60, 62-68, 71-73, 87, 92, 93f, 100-105, 106, 108, 115, 127, 201, 219; and Symbolism, 15, 16, 37, 43f, 49-51, 53-56, 60, 73-79, 114, 121, 224-33; and sexuality, 3lf, 58, 60f, 63f, 65f, 68, 71, 75, 87, 90, 92, 92n, 106-14, 116, 137; his Schopenhauerian period, 32-34; and populism, 41- 44-46, 48, 49n, 54-56, 57f, 62; and the intelligentsia, 43, 48f, 6lf, 126, 181-84, 187-88, 191, 198; and censorship, 44-46, 125-27, 135f, 173; his Niet­zschean period, 57-77; and "historical Christianity," 71, 87, 88, 91-94, 97, 107f, 117, 119, 120, 123f, 180-86, 189, 219; and Christ, 87, 88, 91-95, 97, 106, 148, 171, 174, 180, 196, 197, 201, 207, 220; and the Third Revelation, 87, 92, 93, 94f, 96-98,

246 INDEX

105, 106ff, 117, 125ff, 138, 174, 188f; and the state, 125f, 135f, 142, 171-80, 184n, 184f, 192, 207; and the Apocalypse, 127-30, 163f, 166-68, 174f, 184, 204f, 208f; and anarchism, 157, 16lf, 171-80, 196, 202-4; and revolution, 163-95, 174f, 178, 180, 198, 204f; and law, 171f, 175, 177, 178,208; and force, 171-75, 180, 190f Works: Symbols, 25-28, 37, 39, 40-43, 59; "Octaves," 25-28; "Vera," 28, 40f; Sylvia, 28, 58; Groza Proshla, 28, 60; lectures on the decline of Russian literature, 37, 43-44, 45-55, 60, 67; Julian the Apostate, 42, 44-45, 61, 62-63, 66, 101; Antigone (trans.), 48, 68, 83; Hippoiytus, Medea, Oedi­pus the King, and Prometheus Bound (trans.), 48; Two Secrets of Russian Poetry, 60, 73-75; Daphnis and Chloe (trans.), 61, 63f; New Verse, 61, 64-67; Oedipus at Colonnus (trans.), 68; Vechnye Sputniki, 68-73; Tolstoi and Dostoevsky, 84, 114-17, 119-21; Peter and Alexis, 87, 100, 103-5, 144; Leonardo da Vinci, 101-3; "The Fate of Gogol," 117-20; "Fathers and Sons of Russian Liberalism," 126; Makov tsvet, 156; The Tsar and the Revo­lution, 164, 169; The Approaching Beast, 165f; Dostoevsky: Prophet of the Russian Revolution, 166, 167-69; Alexander I and the Decembrists, 173; Death of Paul, 173; Not Peace but a Sword, 180ff; Reign of Anti-Christ, 217; "Lives of the Saints," 219; Dante, Pascal, Luther, and Calvin, 219; Jesus the Known and Jesus the Unknown, 220; Mystery of the Three, 221, 222; Secret of the West, 221, 222

Metropolitan Antonii. See Vadkovsky, Antonii

Meier, A.A., 165 Meierhold, V.E., 3, 160 Michelangelo, 47, 64f Mikhail, Father. See Semenov, Father

Mikhail Mikhailovsky, N.G., 21, 24, 33, 57

Miliukov, Paul, 152 Mill, John Stuart, 166 Minsky. See Vilenkin, N.M. Mir Iskusstva Gournal), 1, 2n, 20, 73,

77, 80, 83f, 94, 144, 149, 154, 154n, 160, 161

Miroliubov, V.S., 134 Mirsky, D.S., 13 Missionerskoe Obozrenie Gournal), 146,

147 Montaigne, Michael de, 70, 71 Morozov, Ivan and Savva, 161 Morozova, M.K., 155 Morris, William, 227 Murev'ev brothers, 182f Mussolini, Benito, 218 lv.ussorgsky, M.P., 160 "mystical anarchist" movement, 85, 156-

59

Nadson, Semen, 13, 25, 38 Napoleon, 124, 124f, 172, 218 Nekrasov, Nicholas, 75, 143f, 170 New Ship Gournal), 217 Nicholas I, 140, 183 Nietzsche, F., 4, 9, 18f, 21, 32n, 34f, 56f,

81, 92, 93, 145, 152, 153, 199, 203 Nijinsky, V., 80 Nikon, Patriarch, 185 Notes of the Fatherland Gournal), 37f Novikov, Nicholas, 182 Novoe Vremia Gournal), 38, 145 Novyi Puf Gournal), 10, 83, 85, 122,

143-51, 156 Nuvel, V.F., 10, 83, 98, 131

Odoevsky, Prince Vladimir, 183

Pachmuss, Temira, 109, 218 Pascal, Blaise, 219 Pasternak, Boris, 231, 233 Paul, Saint, 219 Peguy, Charles, 156 "personalist" movement, 84f Pertsov, P.P., 55n, 98, 143f, 147 Pestel, Paul, 183 Pestovsky, Vladimir [pseudo Piast], 144

INDEX 247

Peter the Great, 103-5, 181, 182 Piast. See Pestovsky, Vladimir Pilsudski, Joseph, 216 Pisarev, Dmitri, 4n Plekhanov, George, 152, 165 Pleshcheev, AN., 24, 25 Pliny the Younger, 70f Pobedonostsev, K.S., 134, 136, 139, 140 Poe, Edgar Allen, 40 Poliakov, S.A, 16, 161 Polonsky, Jacob, 13,25, 38 Populism, Russian, 4n, 5, 13, 37-39, 41,

44-46, 48, 49n, 53-58, 62, 76, 145 Pravda, 206 Prokofiev, Serge, 80 Pugachev, Emilian, 185 Pushkin, A, 44, 68, 70, 71-73, 117 Put' publishing house, 155

Questions of Philosophy and Psychology Goumal), 18

Rachmaninov, S., 80 Radishchev, Aleksandr, 182 Raphael, 102 Rasputin, Gregory, 155, 185, 218, 230 Rech' (newspaper), 162, 173, 175f Religious Philosophic Society, 10, 98ff,

lOS, 113, 125, 133-43, 144, 146, 149f, 165, 176f, 213, 217

Repin, ilia, 145 Revolution of 1905, 1, 2-3, 5-6, 11, 88,

129f, 140-42, 150f, 152-56, 161, 165ff, 185, 225, 228

Riabushinsky, Nikolai, 161 Riasanovsky, Nicholas, 2 Rimbaud, Arthur, 17, 69 Robespierre, Maximilien, 172 Ropshin. See Savinkov, Boris Rossetti, Dante Gabriel, 145 Rozanov, V.V., 10, 22f, 42f, 73, 83, 90,

94, 98, 112ff, 125, 131, 136, 137, 138, 144, 170,231,233

Ruskin, John, 85,227 Russkaia Mysl' Goumal), 160, 162, 177n Russkoe Slovo, (newspaper), 162 Russo-Japanese War, 130, 147

Savinkov, Boris [pseudo Ropshin], 163 164, 172, 173, 174, 205, 206, 216

Schelling, F., 17 Schopenhauer, Arthur, 11, 17, 21, 32,

34, 38, 67, 157 Schumpeter, Joseph, 191 "Scythians" group, 211 Semenov, Leonid, 144 Semenov, Father Mikhail, 137 Serapion brothers, 212 Sergeev-tsensky, Sergei, 144 Sergy, Bishop. See Stragorodsky, Ivan

Nikolaevich Serov, Valentin, 80 Severnyi Vestnik (journal), 24, 38, 44f,

73 Shestakov, D., 83 Shestov, Lev, 83, 102f, 217 Silver Age, 1-12, 80-86, 114, 152-62,

224ff Sinclair, Upton, 85 Skorpion publishing house, 16, 78, 157 Skvortsov, V., 134, 136 Skriabin, AN., 11, 153, 158 Slonim, Marc, 129f, 156, 160, 211 Socialist Revolutionaries (SR's), 161,

163f, 187, 205, 210, 217, 231, 232 Sollertinsky, S.A, 138f Sologub, Fedor, 10, 19, 19n, 20, 75, 98,

102, 130, 131, 144, 157, 158, 230f, 233

Solov'ev, Sergei, 159, 229 Solov'ev, Vladimir, 11, 14, IS, 18, 49,

60, 63, 80·83, 87, 96, 123, 145, 153, 154, 190, 211, 232f

Solov'eva, Poliksena, 83 Somov, K.A., 83 Sorel, Georges, 9n, 158f, 209 Sovremennye Zapiski (emigre press),

217n SR's. See Socialist Revolutionaries Stanislavsky, K.S., 3, 80, 160 Stirner, Max, 145,203 Stolypin, Peter, 175, 176, 178, 179, 182 Stragorodsky, Ivan Nikolaevich (Bishop

Sergy), 134, 136, 138, 140 Stravinsky, Igor, 80, 153 Strindberg, J.A, 145

248

Struve, Peter, 159, 165, 175ff, 177, 178, 179, 186f, 191, 192, 210

Sukhanov, N.N., 232 "suprematist" movement, 154n Suvorin, A.S., 145

Tatlin, V., 154 Tenisheva, Princess, 161 Temavtsev, V.A., 134f Tiutchev, Fedor, 60, 73ff, 170 Toistoi, Lev, 21, 24, 33, 34, 41, 44, 48,

54, 58, 73, 93, 114-16, 110-21, 122, 123f, 125, 135, 136, 172, 206

Treadgold, Donald, 2, 104n, 232 Trietzschke, 9n Trotsky, Lev, 152, 23lf, 228f Trubetskoi, Eugene, 23, 145, 177f, 190,

192, 209, 210 Trubetskoi, S.N., 177 Trud (journal), 44 Tsvetaeva, Marina, 217 Tugan-Baranovsky, 165 Turgenev, I.S., 54 Turgeneva, As'ia, 214

Ulam, Adam, 228 Uspensky, Gleb, 13, 21, 24, 38 Uspensky, Vasily, 134, 137f, 144

Vadkovsky, Antonii (Metropolitan An-tonii), 134, 142

Vekhi (symposium), 187f, 192 Verhaeren, Emile, 17, 85 Verlaine, Paul, 17 Veay (journal), 16, 78, 85, 149, 157,

160, 162 Vilenkin, N.M. [pseudo Minsky], 10, 13,

14, 16, 18, 20, 25, 44, 45, 57n, 58, 83, 98, 131, 134, 137, 138, 146, 210n, 233

Villiers de 1'Isie Adam, 17, 82 Vishniak, Mark, 218 Volynsky, A.L. [pseudo A.V. FIekser],

30, 38, 45, 73 Voproay Zhizni (journal), 148f Vozrozhdenie (emigre press), 2190 Vrubel, Mikhail, 80, 154 Wagner, Richard, 18, 158, 209 Weber, Max, 8, 8n, SOn, 179f, 191 Weidle, Vladimir, 30, 161 Wilde, Oscar, 17,66, 85 Witte, Sergei, I, 61, 140

Zamiatin, E., 207 Zernov, Nicholas, 78, 87, 95f, 120, 123,

207, 209, 232 Zlobin, Vladimir, 206, 218 Zo[otoe Runo (journal), 85, 156, 161,

162