primary secondary skin lesions 2003
DESCRIPTION
introduction to dermatology for medical studentsTRANSCRIPT
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Dr Chaitanya Vemuri
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Primary Skin LesionsMaculePatchPapuleNoduleTumorPlaqueVesiclePustuleBullaeWhealTelangiectasiaAbscessPetechiae, purpura & ecchymosis
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MaculeA flat, colored
lesion, <2cm in diameter, not raised above the surface of surrounding skin
Freckle – prototype of pigmented macule
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Macule
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patchA large(>2cm)flat
lesion with a color different from surrounding skin
Differs from macule only in size
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PapuleA small, solid lesion,
<0.5 cm in diameter, raised above the surface of surrounding skin & hence palpable
Eg: white head in acne
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Papule
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NoduleA large ( 0.5 – 5.0
cm ), firm lesion raised above the surface of surrounding skin.
Differs from papule only in size
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TumorA solid,raised
growth >5cm in diameter
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PlaqueA large >1cm, flat
topped raised lesion, edges may either be distinct ( in psoriasis ) or gradually blend with surrounding skin ( in eczematous dermatitis )
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VesicleA small, fluid filled
lesion, <0.5 cm in diameter, raised above the plane of surrounding skin. Fluid is often visible and the lesion are translucent
Vesicles in Allergic Contact Dermatitis
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PustuleA vesicle filled with
leukocytes The presence of
pustule does not necessarily signify the the existance of infection
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AbscessA localised
collection of pus in a cavity, more than 1 cm in diameter
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bullaA fluid filled, raised,
often a translucent lesion >0.5cm in diameter
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WhealA raised,
erythematous, edematous, papule / plaque, usually representing short-lived vasodilatation and vasopermeability
Eg: utricaria
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telangiectasiaA dilated superficial
blood vessel.
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Petechiae, purpura & ecchymosisPetechiae – pinhead-sized macules of
extravascular blood in the dermis.Petechiae are flat.The larger ones are referred to as purpuraIf bleeding involves deeper structures then it
is an ecchymosis
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BurrowA linear or cuvillinear papule, caused by
burrowing scabies mite
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ComedonesA plug of keratin and sebum wedged in
dilated pilosebaceous orifice.
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Secondary Skin LesionsScale CrustExcoriationErosionFissureSinusScarAtrophyStriaeLichenification
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ScaleA flake arising from
stratum corneum d/t excessive accumulation.
Eg: psoriasis
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CrustDried exudate of
body fluids (blood / serous fluid)
Which might be either yellow ( serous crust )
red ( h’agic crust )
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UlcerAn area of skin from
which the whole of epidermis & atleast the upper part of dermis has been lost
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ExcoriationLinear, angular
erosions that may be covered by crust and are caused by scratching.
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Erosion Area of skin
denuded by complete or partial loss of epidermis.
No associated loss of dermis
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Fissure A slit- shaped deep
ulcerEg: irritant
dermatitis of hands
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Sinus A cavity or channel
that permits the escape of pus or fluid
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Scar A change in the skin
secondary to trauma or inflammation
Sites may be erythematous, hypopigmented or hyperpigmented depending upon their age /character.
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Scar
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Atrophy A accquired loss of
substance .In skin, this may
appear as a depression with intact epidermis ( loss of dermal /subdermal tissues )
Or appear as sites of shiny, delicate, wrinkled lesions ( epidermal atrophy )
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Striae A streak like, linear ,
atrophic, pink, purple or white lesion d/t changes in connective tissue
Eg: cushings syndrome, pregnancy induced
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Lichenification A distinctive
thickening of skin that is characterized by accenuated skin-fold markings.