primary data and secondary data

8/8/2019 primary data and secondary data

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Primary andPrimary and

Secondary DataSecondary Data

INTRODUCTION


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Objectives of this lesson:Primary and Secondary Data

DEFINITION AND TYPES OF DATA

DESCRIBE PRIMARY DATA,METHODE

OF COLLECTION,MERIT AND DEMERIT.DESCRIBE SECONDARY

DATA,SOURCE,MERIT AND DEMERIT

CONCLUSION

REFRENCE

QUESTION AND ANSWER


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DATA- Data is information in raw or unorganized form(such as alphabet, number or symbols) thatrefers to or represent ,ideas, object. data is

limitless and present everywhere in the universe. T!"#$-

PRIMARY DATA - collected by the researcher

himself

SECONDARY DATA - collected by others to be

%re-used% by the researcher

TYPES OF DATA


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Data that has been collected from first-hand-

e&perience is 'nown as primary data. !rimary datahas not been published yet and is more reliable,

authentic and objective. !rimary data has not been

changed or altered by human beings, therefore its

validity is greater than secondary data

PRIMARY DATA


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A. Observation method

B. Indirect Oral Intervies

C. !"estionnaire method

D. Sched"le Method

E. #rom $ocal A%ents

#. S"rve& Method

A.

B.

C.

METHOD OF COLLECTION OF

PRIMARY DATA


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A. DIRECT PERSONAL

OBSEVATION

STRUCTUREDUNSTRUCTURED

PARTICIPATIVE NON

-PARTICIPATIVE


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#tandardized interviews

a. #tructured

b. nstructured

on-standardized interviews

a. *ne to one

+.ace to face,

.telephonic,

.internet mediated interviews

b. *ne to many(focus group)

INDIRECT ORAL INTERVIEW


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Questionnaie! A "uestionnaie is a esea#$instu%ent #onsistin& o' a seies o' "uestion an( ot$e)o%)ts 'o t$e )u)ose o' &at$ein& in'o%ation 'o%

es)on(ent.#elf administered /uestionnaire

0nterviewer -administered

/uestionnaireTelephone /uestionnaire

Delivery and /uestionnaire

!ostal or mail /uestionnaire

Questionnaie %et$o(


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S'R(EY - 1 detailed study of geographical area to gather data attitudes, impressions, opinions, satisfaction

level etc., by polling a section of the population

TYPE

+.2"## #34"

.2*T0*# *3 3"5613

#34"

.1D-7*2 #34"

SURVEY


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Degree of accuracy is /uite high.

0t does not re/uire e&tra caution. 0t depicts the data in great detail.

!rimary source of data collection fre/uentlyincludes definitions of various terms and units used.

or some investigations, secondary data are notavailable.

MERIT OF PRIMARY

DATA


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2ollection of data re/uires a lot of time.

3e/uires lot of finance. 0n some en/uiries it is not possible to collect

primary data.

3e/uires a lot of labour. 3e/uires a lot of s'ill.

DEMERIT OF PRIMARY

DATA


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Data collected from a source that has

already been published in any form is

called as secondary data. The reviewof literature in any research is based

on secondary data. 8ostly fromboo's, journals and periodicals.

SECONDARY DATA


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• P"blished )rinted so"rce

9oo's

:ournals;periodicals

8agazines;ewspapers

• P"blished Electronic So"rces

e-journals

5eneral websites


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• 'n)"blished Personal Records

Diaries

6etters

• *overnment Records

2ensus Data;population statistics$

7ealth records "ducational institutes records

Contd…………


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• P"blic Sector Records+

5*s=s survey data

*ther private companies records

Contd……..


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MERIT OF SECONDARY DATA

se is very convenient.

#aves time and finance. 0n some en/uiries primary data cannot be

collected.

3eliable secondary data are generally available formany investigations.

MERIT OF SECONDARY DATA


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DEMERIT OF SECONDARY

DATA

Ve! d"##"$%&t to #"nd '%##"$"ent&! ($$%(te

'e$ond(! d(t(.

Ve! d"##"$%&t to #"nd 'e$ond(! d(t( )*"$* e+($t&!

#%"&' t*e need o# e'ent "ne't"(t"on.

E+t( $(%t"on "' e/%"ed to %'e 'e$ond(! d(t(.

Not (("&(0&e #o (&& t!e' o# en/%""e'.

DEMERIT OF SECONDARY

DATA


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9ecause of the above mentioned disadvantages of secondary data, we willlead to evaluation of secondary data. "valuation means the following fourre/uirements must be satisfied$-

Availabilit&, 0t has to be seen that the 'ind of data you want is available ornot. 0f it is not available then you have to go for primary data.

Relevance, 0t should be meeting the re/uirements of the problem. or thiswe have two criterion$- nits of measurement should be the same. 2oncepts used must be same and currency of data should not be outdated.

Acc"rac&, 0n order to find how accurate the data is, the following points

must be considered$ - #pecification and methodology used> 8argin of error should be e&amined> The dependability of the source must be seen.

S"--icienc&, 1de/uate data should be available.

EVALUATION OF SECONDARY

DATA


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• Se$ond(!d(t((e"n#o1(t"one"o%'&!(t*eed#o(d"# #eent%o'et*(t1(!0ee&e(nttot*eo0&e1(t*(nd.

• Se$ond(!d(t($(n$o1e#o1'o%$e'"nten(&tot*eo(n"2(t"onoe+ten(&.

• T*e"ntenet(nd'!nd"$(ted#"1'*(e,"n1(n!)(!',en(0&edt*e(t*e"no#'e$ond(!d(t(.

• Se$ond(!d(t((eene(&&!%'e#%&,&o)-$o't,("d&!(("&(0&e'o%$e'o#"n#o1(t"on.

• A&)(!' &oo3 #o 'e$ond(! d(t( #"'t•

CONCLUSION


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primary data and secondary data

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