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PrimaryPrimary

Assessment Assessment

&&

The Recovery The Recovery PositionPosition

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Learning outcomes Learning outcomes

• State the importance of the Primary Survey

• Identify when to call for help • List the main components of the

respiratory and circulatory system• Detail how a primary assessment is

carried out• Place a casualty into the recovery position• Describe how to assess and monitor the

infant or child

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The Primary SurveyThe Primary Survey

DD – Danger to yourself and the casualty– Danger to yourself and the casualty R – Response from the casualtyR – Response from the casualty A – Airway – is it clear and openA – Airway – is it clear and open B – Breathing – is the casualty breathing B – Breathing – is the casualty breathing

normallynormally C – Circulation – look for signs of major C – Circulation – look for signs of major

bleedingbleeding

(Think Dr ABC)(Think Dr ABC)

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Assess for DangerAssess for Danger

Fire & Smoke Vehicles

Electricity

Water Chemicals

People Falling objects & machinery

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Road traffic accidentRoad traffic accident

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Additional dangers to be Additional dangers to be aware of as a first aideraware of as a first aider

Infection – casualty to first aiderInfection – casualty to first aider H.I.V. Hepatitis

Infection – first aider to casualtyInfection – first aider to casualty Wound infection

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Reduce the risk to yourself & the Reduce the risk to yourself & the casualty by:casualty by:

Use gloves if availableUse gloves if available Dispose of sharp objects carefully – ideally into Dispose of sharp objects carefully – ideally into

a special sharps containera special sharps container Dispose of blood stained or contaminated Dispose of blood stained or contaminated

materials (bandages etc) by using an orange / materials (bandages etc) by using an orange / yellow bag – marked for incinerationyellow bag – marked for incineration

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R – Response from casualtyR – Response from casualty

Check for a response from the casualtyCheck for a response from the casualty As you approach the casualty shout ‘ hello, my As you approach the casualty shout ‘ hello, my

name is … I’m a first aider and I am here to help name is … I’m a first aider and I am here to help you.you.

Kneel down beside the casualty, place one hand on Kneel down beside the casualty, place one hand on his / her forehead and use the other hand to TAP the his / her forehead and use the other hand to TAP the collar bones. collar bones.

Shout ‘ hello, ‘open your eyes’Shout ‘ hello, ‘open your eyes’ If no response SHOUT FOR HELPIf no response SHOUT FOR HELP

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R – Response from casualtyR – Response from casualty

Tap and TalkTap and Talk

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A - AirwayA - Airway

Check if the airway is clearCheck if the airway is clear Gently open the casualty’s mouth Look inside for any foreign object that may be

blocking the airway i.e. chewing gum, food False teeth may be left in place if well fitting –

otherwise remove If vomit or blood are present turn the head to one

side and allow it to drain

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SHOUT FOR HELPSHOUT FOR HELP

ONCE YOU HAVE DETERMINED THE ONCE YOU HAVE DETERMINED THE CASUALTY’S LEVEL OF RESPONSE SHOUT CASUALTY’S LEVEL OF RESPONSE SHOUT OUT FOR HELP BUT DO NOT LEAVE YOUR OUT FOR HELP BUT DO NOT LEAVE YOUR CASUALTY UNTIL YOU HAVE CHECKED CASUALTY UNTIL YOU HAVE CHECKED THE AIRWAY AND BREATHINGTHE AIRWAY AND BREATHING

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B – Breathing 1B – Breathing 1

Check if the casualty is breathingCheck if the casualty is breathing Tilt the head backward to lift the tongue away from Tilt the head backward to lift the tongue away from

the wind pipe at the same time place two fingers on the wind pipe at the same time place two fingers on the bony part of the chin and slide the jaw forwardthe bony part of the chin and slide the jaw forward

Place your ear against the casualty’s mouth and Place your ear against the casualty’s mouth and look, listen and feel for breathing for 10 secondslook, listen and feel for breathing for 10 seconds Look – for signs of the chest rising and fallingLook – for signs of the chest rising and falling Listen – for breathing soundsListen – for breathing sounds Feel – for movement of the chestFeel – for movement of the chest

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B – Breathing 2B – Breathing 2

Check if the Check if the casualty is casualty is breathingbreathing Tilt the head Tilt the head

backward with one backward with one hand and place two hand and place two fingers under the fingers under the chin to slide the chin to slide the jaw forwardjaw forward

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B – Breathing B – Breathing

If the casualty is breathing normally but If the casualty is breathing normally but unconscious, and you have no bystander to unconscious, and you have no bystander to send for help immediately place them in the send for help immediately place them in the recovery positionrecovery position

Look for and treat any major bleeding (C)Look for and treat any major bleeding (C) Carry out a brief secondary surveyCarry out a brief secondary survey Call for help (999 or 112) on your return re-Call for help (999 or 112) on your return re-

check airway and breathing, stay with the check airway and breathing, stay with the casualty until help arrives.casualty until help arrives.

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B – Breathing B – Breathing

If the casualty is breathing, go for help If the casualty is breathing, go for help immediately – or send a bystander (call immediately – or send a bystander (call 999)999) L - Location of the casualtyL - Location of the casualty I - IncidentI - Incident O - Other services required (fire or police)O - Other services required (fire or police) N - Number of casualtiesN - Number of casualties E - Extent of their injuriesE - Extent of their injuries L - Repeat the locationL - Repeat the location

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THE A.B.C. OF LIFETHE A.B.C. OF LIFEWhat is the priority in this case?What is the priority in this case?

Answer…………..AirwayAnswer…………..Airway

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TASKTASK http://www.nhs.uk/Conditions/Accidents-and-first-aid/Pages/CPR.aspx

In pairs demonstrate how to perform CPR Adult, child and baby

Remember to conduct your scene survey

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Recovery PositionRecovery Position

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RECOVERY POSITIONRECOVERY POSITION

WHY WHY –– allows for drainage of fluids allows for drainage of fluids

prevents tongue falling to back of prevents tongue falling to back of throatthroat

safe position…safe position…

WHEN WHEN – if you have to leave casualty to get – if you have to leave casualty to get assistance, or if there is no suspicion assistance, or if there is no suspicion of spinal trauma, after A.B.C has of spinal trauma, after A.B.C has been been established. established.

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GO FOR HELPGO FOR HELP

IF THE SITUATION IS TOO DANGEROUS FOR IF THE SITUATION IS TOO DANGEROUS FOR YOU TO DEAL WITH THE CASUALTYYOU TO DEAL WITH THE CASUALTY

ONCE YOU HAVE CHECKED THE LEVEL OF ONCE YOU HAVE CHECKED THE LEVEL OF RESPONSERESPONSE

THE AIRWAY AND BREATHING HAVE BEEN THE AIRWAY AND BREATHING HAVE BEEN CHECKEDCHECKED

THE CASUALTY IS IN A SAFE POSITION - THE CASUALTY IS IN A SAFE POSITION - RECOVERYRECOVERY

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PREGNANT CASUALTYPREGNANT CASUALTY

Best treatment for the unborn child is treat the motherBest treatment for the unborn child is treat the mother

Primary survey firstPrimary survey first

If casualty is heavily pregnant , then the weight of the If casualty is heavily pregnant , then the weight of the baby / uterus will compress her large blood vesselsbaby / uterus will compress her large blood vessels

Right hip slightly raised (displaces uterus )Right hip slightly raised (displaces uterus )

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