pricing strategies on amazon: why is it so hard to get pricing right?

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Pricing Strategies on Amazon: Why Is It So Hard To Get Pricing Right? Nathan Franco, Limited Goods James Thomson, Marketplace Accelerator #IRCE © Copyright 2015, Marketplace Accelerator LLC and Limited Goods 1

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Pricing  Strategies  on  Amazon:  Why  Is  It  So  Hard  To  Get  Pricing  Right?  Nathan  Franco,  Limited  Goods  James  Thomson,  Marketplace  Accelerator    

#IRCE   ©  Copyright  2015,  Marketplace  Accelerator  LLC  and  Limited  Goods     1  

•  Nathan  Franco  –  Co-­‐Founder  of  Limited  Goods  –  Founded  in  2002  –  Limited  Goods  is  an  online  reseller  of  primarily  consumer  electronics  products,  and  a  successful  seller  on  Amazon  

–  Over  40,000  acKve  lisKngs  on  Amazon  –  Over  70,000  lifeKme  seller  feedback  on  Amazon  

2  #IRCE  

Presenters  

•  James  Thomson  –  Former  Amazon  insider,  5+  years    

•  Business  head  of  AmazonServices.com  •  FBA  Account  Manager  •  Category  Manager  of  Sports  3P  business  

– Managing  Director  of  Marketplace  Accelerator  LLC,  §  a  consultancy  for  Amazon  sellers,  vendors  and  naKonal  brands  

–  President  of  PROSPER  AssociaKon,  an  educaKonal  organizaKon  for  Amazon  sellers  

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Presenters  

Overview  of  Today’s  Discussion    Building  an  effecKve  pricing  strategy  requires  a  clear  understanding  of  two  issues:  

                                 

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COST  PRICE  

#IRCE  

Overview  of  Today’s  Discussion    Margin  follows  from  managing  both  price  and  cost  carefully:  

                                 

5  

COST  

PRICE  •  CompeKKon-­‐based  •  Cost-­‐based  •  Value-­‐based  

MARGIN  

•  AcquisiKon  Cost  •  Commissions/Fees  •  Indirect/Hidden  Costs  

•  Amazon  Marketplace  pressures  on  margin  

•  Individual  product  P&L’s  

#IRCE  

Overview  of  Today’s  Discussion    

•  Strategic  pricing  on  Amazon  is  driven  by  how  you  aim  for  the  BuyBox:  –  What’s  the  role  of  re-­‐pricing  tools?  –  How  can  you  use  Fulfillment  by  Amazon  

(FBA)  to  opKmize  your  pricing?  –  How  do  your  Seller  Metrics  impact  your  

pricing  decisions?  

•  How  do  you  incorporate  a  view  of  all  of  your  costs  into  your  pricing  strategy?    

•  Why  is  Cost  so  difficult  to  understand  when  selling  on  Amazon.com?  

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COST  PRICE  

#IRCE  

Why  Does  Strategic  Pricing  MaDer  So  Much?    

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1.  Sourcing  -­‐  What  to  buy  in  the  

future  -­‐  Decisions  on  which  

vendor  to  use    

2.  Vendor  NegoGaGons  -­‐  What  terms  from  

suppliers  you’ll  accept  -­‐  What  wholesale  prices  

you’ll  negoKate  down    

3.  Inventory  Management  -­‐  How  long  to  hold  

inventory  -­‐  What  to  liquidate,  and  

never  restock    

4.  Pricing  Changes  -­‐  How  to  price  down,  vs.  

how  to  price  up  -­‐  When  to  price  up,  vs.  

when  to  price  down    

Strategic  Pricing  will  drive  your  decisions  on:                          

#IRCE  

Why  Does  Strategic  Pricing  MaDer  So  Much?    

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But  without  strategic  pricing:      1.  You’re  stuck  with  too  much  slow-­‐moving,  low-­‐margin  inventory  

 2.  You  run  out  of  capital  to  invest  in  inventory  that  would  actually  benefit  your  

bojom  line    

3.  You  allow  your  suppliers  to  dictate  too  many  of  the  terms    

4.  You  spend  your  Kme  working  really  hard  to  make  money  for  yourself,  only  to  find  you  made  a  lot  of  money  primarily  for  Amazon  

#IRCE  

•  What  is  it?  

•  Well  Worth  the  Investment  –  Gives  you  the  ability  to  do  2  important  things:  

1. Lower  pricing  in  an  automated  fashion  so  that  you  stay  compeKKve  2. Raise  pricing  when  the  opportunity  is  there    

•  Know  How  to  Use  your  Auto  Pricing  Tools          –  Be  deliberate  and  thought  out  in  your  rules  –  The  goal:  You  want  to  be  priced  low  enough  that  you  get  the  BuyBox  but  not  

lower  than  you  need  to  be  to  get  the  BuyBox  –  Don’t  set  floor  price  too  low  and  ceiling  price  too  high  

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Auto  Pricing  SoPware     PRICE  

#IRCE  

•  BuyBox  priority  over  Merchant  Fulfilled  sellers    –  More  sales  

•  You  can  win  the  BuyBox  with  an  equal  OR  EVEN  HIGHER  price  than  the  next  Merchant  Fulfilled  seller  –  Bejer  Profit  

•  Reach  the  EsGmated  40+  million  worldwide  Amazon  Prime  customers  

 

•  FBA  is  sGll  young,  and  is  growing  in  a  strong  and  rapid  way  –  Amazon  is  pushing  FBA  –  If  you  have  the  funds,  go  for  it!  

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FBA  Pricing  Perks     PRICE  

#IRCE  

BuyBox  Example    

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PRICE  

#IRCE  

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FBA  Pricing  Perks  Example     PRICE  

#IRCE  

•  BuyBox  priority  over  Merchant  Fulfilled  sellers    –  More  sales  

•  You  can  win  the  BuyBox  with  an  equal  OR  EVEN  HIGHER  price  than  the  next  Merchant  Fulfilled  seller  –  Bejer  Profit  

•  Reach  the  EsGmated  40+  million  worldwide  Amazon  Prime  customers  

 

•  FBA  is  sGll  young,  and  is  growing  in  a  strong  and  rapid  way  –  Amazon  is  pushing  FBA  –  If  you  have  the  funds,  go  for  it!  

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FBA  Pricing  Perks  –  revisited     PRICE  

#IRCE  

•  Let’s  talk  Philosophy    –  Amazon  is  looking  for  sellers  that  emulate  them  

•  How  this  philosophy  affects  sellers  –  They  are  giving  more  visibility  to  sellers  that  have  bejer  customer  metrics  

(omen  Kmes  even  when  you  are  priced  higher  than  compeKKon  with  poorer  seller  metrics  )  

–  Gives  you  the  ability  to  do  2  things:  1.  have  a  bejer  shot  at  the  BuyBox  2.  keep  your  price  a  bit  higher  so  you  can  pull  in  a  higher  profit  on  the  sale.  

•  Crucial  factor  when  it  comes  to  pricing  strategies  on  Amazon  

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Customer  Metrics     PRICE  

#IRCE  

Now  What  About  “Cost”  ?    

How  do  many  Amazon  sellers  unfortunately  think  about  “Cost”?    

+        Wholesale  cost  -­‐  Inbound  shipping  /  outbound  shipping  -­‐  Amazon  commissions  -­‐  FBA  fees  /  merchant-­‐fulfilled  shipping  

=          $  PROFIT    

Meanwhile,    

•  Overhead  costs,  

•  Hidden  costs  Are  consolidated  at  end  of  year,  and  subtracted  from  total  profit  

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COST  

#IRCE  

Overhead  Cost  CalculaGon    Pick  your  Kmeframe  –  e.g.,  past  6  months,  past  12  months    Add  up  all  of  your  costs  that  aren’t  product  acquisiKon  costs  and  selling  fees,  including:  •  Warehouse/storage/3PL  costs,  uKliKes,  insurance,  book-­‐

keeping,  payroll  &  benefits,  business  travel,  corporate  business  tax,  product  samples,  web  development,  etc.  

 Pinpoint  which  costs  apply  to  all  channels  vs.  only  to  Amazon  (e.g.,  FBA  Inventory  placement,  Amazon  Lending  fees,  Amazon  sales  tax  collecKon  fees)  •  IdenKfy  what  porKon  of  all  units  you  sold  were  on  Amazon  

marketplace    Divide  total  Amazon  overhead  costs  into  number  of  units  sold  on  Amazon  à  That  will  give  you  overhead  cost  /  Amazon  unit  sold  

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COST  

Example:  •  Overhead  costs  specific  just  to  

Amazon  =$20k  •  Other  Overhead  costs  applied  

to  your  overall  business  =  $175k  

•  Total  units  sold  =  100k  •  PorKon  of  total  units  sold  on  

Amazon  =  80%  •  Total  Amazon  overhead  =  

(80%  *  $175k)  +  $20k  =  $160k  •  Overhead  per  Amazon  unit  

sold  =  $160k  /  80k  units  =  $2.00  

 

#IRCE  

And  The  Hidden  Costs  on  Amazon  

•  Refund  commission  fee    

•  FBA  refund  shipping:  from  customer  to  fulfillment  center  (for  certain  categories)    

•  FBA  disposal  fees,  or  fees  for  return  shipping  from  fulfillment  center  to  seller    

•  The  seller’s  internal  processing/handling  fees    

•  Write-­‐down,  write-­‐off  costs  

•  Opportunity  costs  of  stock-­‐outs  

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COST  

#IRCE  

Hidden  Cost  CalculaGons    1.  Go  to  Seller  Central  à  Reports  à  Payments    à  All  Statements  View,  to  find  these  costs:  •  Refund  commission  fees:  “RefundCommission”  •  FBA  refund  shipping:  “FBACustomerReturnPerOrderFee  “  +  

“FBACustomerReturnPerUnitFee”  +  “FBACustomerReturnWeightBasedFee”  •  FBA  disposal  fees,  or  fees  for  return  shipping  “RemovalComplete”  

2.  For  write-­‐down  costs,  track  what  porKon  of  returned  items  you  are  able  to  sell  again  as  “new”  

3.  Do  you  have  internal  handling  fees  for  returned  items?  

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COST  

#IRCE  

Hidden  Costs  of  Selling  on  Amazon:  FBA  Example    You  sell  an  item  on  Amazon  at  15%  commission  Amer  all  iniGal  costs,  you  have  an  apparent  $10.00  profit  on  that  item.      BUT:  1.  Your  total  overhead  last  year  averaged  $2/unit  sold  2.  This  SKU  has  a  25%  return  rate,  where  you  recover  only  60%  of  the  

expected  new  selling  price,  due  to  customers  returning  products  rarely  in  new  condiKon,  or  in  its  original  packaging.  So  return-­‐related  costs  are  25%  x  (1  -­‐  60%)  x  $50  wholesale  cost/unit  =  $5/unit.    

3.  On  all  returns,  Amazon  keeps  20%  of  the  original  commission  as  a  return  fee.  So  add  25%  x  20%  x  $12.50  =  $0.63/unit.    

4.  So  for  a  product  you  have  refunded  once  and  then  sell,  your  apparent  profit  of  $10.00  has  fallen  by  $7.63  ($2  +  $5  +  $0.63)  to  $2.37,  a  drop  of  >75%  of  your  believed  profit  on  this  item.    –  And,  if  that  product  is  a  somlines  item,  you’ll  have  to  add  the  

cost  of  paying  the  customer’s  return  shipping  to  FBA  to  the  fulfillment  center  (e.g.,  $2.50)  

   $80.00  price  on  Amazon  

-­‐  $50.00  wholesale  cost  

-­‐  $    5.00  inbound/outbound  shipping    

-­‐  $    2.50      FBA  fee  (esKmated)  

-­‐  $12.50      Amazon  referral  fee  (15%)  

   $10.00  Margin  

 

-­‐    $    2.00  overhead  allocaKon  

-­‐  $  5.00  return-­‐related  costs,  with  60%                            recovery  rate  on  returned  items  

-­‐  $  0.63    average  FBA  returns  fee            $2.37    Margin*  

*These  calculaKons  don’t  yet  include  FBA  storage  fees,  FBA  return  shipping  fees  from  Amazon  FC’s  to  the  seller  

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COST  

#IRCE  

So  What  Tools  Help  Us  With  Strategic  Pricing?    1.  Combining  mulKple  reports  in  Seller  Central  

-­‐  Reports  à  Payments    à  All  Statements  View  -­‐  Reports  à  Fulfillmentà  All  Orders  -­‐  Reports  à  Fulfillmentà  Returns    

 

2.  Automated  tools  for  the  certain  types  of  cost  from  your  business:      

     3.        Automated  tools  for  comprehensive  cost  view  across  your  whole  Amazon  business:            

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FBA  Calc   hjp://www.FBAcalc.com  Hydrasale   hjp://www.hydrasale.com/pricing/    Profit  Bandit   hjp://sellerengine.com/profit-­‐bandit/    Teikametrics   hjp://www.teikametrics.com/amazon-­‐ya.html    

*Disclosure:  James  Thomson  is  a  co-­‐founder  of  SKUProfit  

SKUProfit  *   hjp://skuprofit.com      

©  Copyright  2015,  Marketplace  Accelerator  LLC  and  Limited  Goods    

1.  Solid  customer  metrics  play  an  under-­‐rated  key  role  in  Amazon  pricing  strategies.    

2.  Figure  out  your  overhead  allocaKon  to  apply  to  each  SKU  you  carry.    

3.  Re-­‐examine  whether  each  SKU  you  currently  carry  is,  in  fact,  profitable  from  a  total-­‐costs  perspecKve.  Modify  your  approach  to  sourcing  new  products  so  as  to  keep  total-­‐cost  profitability  clearly  in  mind.    

4.  Consider  the  benefits  of  Auto  Pricing  somware,  and  the  selling  benefits  of  FBA.    

5.  Focus  on  growing  your  profits  faster  than  your  sales  revenue.  This  is  about  making  YOU  money,  not  Amazon.  PrioriKze  profits  over  sales!  

   

Top  5  Takeaways  and  Next  Steps    

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