in
for
the
first
In addition to
thfe blame
a
sounder
public
opinion
among
the
European
which
will
replace
the
atmo-
sphere
of
mutual
recrimination
and
of
attempts
to
assign
in
the
critical
been
foreign
immediate
causes
and
pretexts
of
the
rise
of
sea
power,
and
more
lofty
plane
of
thought
saved, then
it will
strength between
the
record
of
historical
facts
Meanwhile,
of military events
and economic exhaustion,
work
of
the
great
competence
seems to
Eastern
Europe,
and
to
of
the
European
Powers
to
each
of
the
course
belligerent
Powers,
added
a
number
of
Deity
to
bless
their
all countries
cast,
they
agreed
to
follow
their
Mr.
Dudley
Ward,
who
afforded
CAPITALS
is
moun-
in
the
atmospheres.
Central
Europe
and
the
system
assassination as an
line of
Eastern and
as the
national
interest
and
Indeed,
storm
the
latent
With
the
her internal consolidation.
races
briefly
as
follows.
After
the
Russo-Turkish
War
Austria
made
use
of
her
alliance
intrigues which
oppression
in
the
beyond her
chauvinism of
some
degree
and
by
fair
means
and
foul
the
other
hand,
have
been
conducted
on
to
the South Slavs
the
role
of
were
most
pro-
found
seeds
of
Empire,
Thus
Russian
to
this
day.
the
regions aspired
been
the
mainspring
of
Russian
had
a well-meaning
and
a
wave
Turning
steppes
eastwards,
to
—an
outlet
Slavophils
this
of
to put down constitutional
dis-
diplomacy of
the Triple
protect
them,
able to
instance, the dispatch
of the famous
M. Hartwig from
seemed
Minor and Mesopotamia, worked
to counteract the activi-
influence
met
on
the
This situation in
Russia
would
agree
to
no
In
Russia,
meanwhile,
which
were
breaking
everything
are
just
the
Russia
would
of European politics, we shall see that
the great historical event of those times was the rise of
the
Teutonic
German
Con-
federation,
which
ance was concluded, but not published till 1888. The two
important
than
Russia,
the
country
which
is
of
Russia.
Bismarck
saw
the
this point
accompanied
quarters of
against
disruptive
for
years
a
position
1870,
became
differing
from
England.
and
to
the
too
fresh.
England,
also,
was
was
to
hold,
she
with
Germany
German
Navy,
it
is
the
Count
points
disposed
Russia's
prestige
almost
extinct.
There
is
to
realized that an
"material
concluded
to
pre-
vent
speeches
at
Reval
that
the
Anglo-Russian
Convention
did
the
Empires.
few months
more
to
prevent
the
by
France.
England,
in
writing.
This
was
effected
third
Power,
threatening
European
should
be
taken
concen-
trated
in
he
held
concentration
of
the crisis of
surface
one
may
trace
throughout
alliances,
Parliament
have been
allowed to
under-
though
unofficial
in
The cause of
The
spectre
of
But
England
that in
agreement
between
England
her,
more vital,
through the
satisfactorily.
So
not know,
laid
yet
been
the
and
special
levy
for
the
1914
a
Thus,
 
a despatch to
to
the
Servian
Government
would
be
willing
to
they had
Pashitch, telegraphed
the
condemna-
Macchio
those in
stated
cerned
which
case
she
in
the
day
he
in
the
any
Servian
subject
the
of the Archduke
concluded by
demands,
provided
crime.
The
report
Austrian
Note.2
reports a
he had seen
Government
the consequences of
Grey
the
only
way
out, might
time limit by suggesting that
on
conclusion
were difficulties Austria and
This
E. Grey
that the
Government
were
very
described
to
M.
the
with
opinion
some
of
agree
Monarchy."
Austrian
Government.
Denkschrift,^ that
ment of
for
having
allowed
the
Austria
and
Servia
alone.
answer
the
Austrian
French
Ambassador
Alliance.3 Sir
Note. The
of the
dispute
to
be
decided
between
Austria
also
declared to the German Ambassador that the dispute was a
European one
;
to the
of a
note from
sources
;
but it was
Austria
after
the
murder
the
present
situation
German Ambassador
view
pro-
the dispute
Austria
that,
who
had
given
Sir
to
good
Austro-Russian
relations.3
the
Russian
Government
by
at
Bel-
and
discountenanced
be
that
the
over for trial
Austrian
propaganda,
so
vital
without mediation
with
interest
between
Germany
and
insisted
that
the
Austro-Servian
dispute
balance
support of England as he had
done on the previous
all risk of war.
to the Russian
the
obli-
gations
to
and
France,
had been
statement
became an Austro-
later
bound
to
do,
as
hands of Austria and make
it
would
stand
by
Russia
received
Secretary of State
Affaires had
the
no
territorial
aggran-
dizement
responsibility
of
avoiding
in the
the
Austrian
demands
were
reason-
Russian
conversations
and
exchanges
beforehand,
Austria
but he
Austria dreaded the idea
said
that,
the Note
determined on war.
This was followed
State for
Austria
attacked
Servia
localized.
between M.
the latter
and declared that
and Servia, Austria
compensa-
tion.'
GERMANY
of
the
direct
con-
sentatives
in
pacific
"
giving
in
St.
Petersburg."
An
In
describing
probably
Sazonof had promised
On the
same day
Grey's Four Power Ambassadorial
the reply of the
representatives in St.
countries to abstain
conference.
The
and
France,
(Germany,
July
27th),
this
had
been
France put
pressure on
compromise Russia
in the
Dual Alliance,
orders
step was
preparations to-day.
also
had
an
interview
2
with
this
idea
should
than Russia.
During
an
interview
3
latter said
told
at St. Peters-
were, for the time
decline
it,
as
and
Count
Berchtold,
ence to
view
to
their
modification,
but
she
was
time this act brought
GERMANY
On
opinion
the form
induced
to
suggest
make war,
Ambassador
Grey
for
peace.
chapter
on
Mobilization,
Russia.)
In
a
telegram
England,
and
to
some
extent
the
action
had an interview with
assuming
2
that
self
optimistically,
but
said
footing.
AUSTRIA
and
sort.
The
British,
French,
and
Italian
present a
fait accompli
stop
her.
This
remark
extremely
difficult
to
put
on Servia
"
He
said
he
understood
that
Great
Britain
not
allow
France
to
be
crushed,
but
Germany,
at
this.
If
Great
Britain
remained
neutral
at
the
expense
of
France
in
Europe.
indeed was
of
her
promises,
was
dent,
Commission and not from
Austria only. He cited
Unfortunately, neither Austria
her
treaty
with
that
country.
the
four
in St. Petersburg
which two-thirds of the army of European Russia
were
Council of
Ministers under
the reason
to
3
p.m.
The
Military
Attache
doubted
he
had
evidence
that
mobilization
was
going
Sir
George
Buchanan,3
Sazonof
received
over the actual
this
was
of
power
in
desirable.
seem
to
hold
that
Russian and what
Neither
showed
day,
in
which
the
latter
said
that
58,
these
statements
in
declaring
that
a
shameful
war
on
This
did not alter
the
words
British
Government
had
thinking
that
England
would
dispute
openly whether
aside
stances
as
a
non-committal
that
a method for
the
fate
of
Servia.
Meanwhile
news
it said,
"to exchange
mistake,
and
Germany
would
a world
to
explain
to
him,
had
no
According
to
the
French
in
St.
Peters-
burg
"
Empires."
about military
preparations the
tion, namely that
Grey
s
on
appear
to
be
good
been
Prince
Lichnowsky
(see
England,
July
29th,
and
realized
the
efforts to make
their ally come
which affected
the joint
the
from
3
that
Vienna,
and
German
measures,
and
of
the
previous day,
the
showed
she must bestir
did not know what
pressing
inevitable, and
Minister
to
give
Pourtal^
superfluous.
sove-
reignty.
It
is
Austria and Russia
they
or
were
formula which only stated
really anxious to
proposal
in
that
same
other countries
113)
containing
a
declara-
German
that
England
would
stand
by
France.
Press
correspondence
assume
that
it
goes
way
support.
At
I
saying
that
Russia's
mobilization
of
Military
Attach^
at
the
declared a general
Russian Ambassador,
explanatory, apparently
measures on
the part
neutral
in
the
and
that
to assist France
of
had
but
for
Foreign
begged him
the
Kaiser.
After
the
audience
(See England,
the Russian
frontier that
he hardly
noticed the
chapter
on
Mobilizations,
Russia.)
Sir
Edward
Grey
then
the
(see French
not have replied
searching
from
movements
of
troops
in
field
Russian Embassy in
be
found
in
the
having
of the
troops
in
Servia,
character
of
a
European
interest,
she
will
allow
will
undertake
Austria,
however,
that
she
Servia. She had said
her operations in Servia
98)
spot,
no
prepara-
had happened.
imperial forces. She had done this, as we see, without
waiting for the
St.
Petersburg,
to the
of
any
reference
cannot
be
of an Austrian
Even theft one
waited
for
the
result
As a matter of
telegraphed
to
the latter case,
Figaro
for
October
5,
1914,
the
negotiations
with
had
taken
Affairs
it is the only evi-
dence
to
knew, Austria had only
where.
Edward Grey made
Powers
to
undertake
made during the
to be
undecisive
attitude
appealed, in fact, for
Ambassador,
and
told
him
that
he
still
could
not
define
in
at
the
moment
involved.
At
the
same
time
he
drawn in," but at
the same time he
its
opinion
Belgian
neutrality
at
It
confirms
the
statements
in
the
Sir
Edward
Grey
found,
THE
WAR
had
been
openly commit
incursion
of
another
Power
general
mobilization,
preparations.
GERMANY
The
detention
of
British
shipping
Austria,
in
basis of negotiation
Jagow,'
and
urged
him
to
restraint,
saying
hours were
in one
More-
over,
the
negotiations
for
•
on the
previous evening
that
the
the Austrian domination of Servia any more than England
could
endure
German
mean
war,
and
said
At
the
same
mobilization.
six
classes
to
frontier,
he
the effect that Austria-Hungary
on
the
"Austria,"
said
pointed
out
above,
123
and
Documents
ferring
to
this
and
German
conflict.
Ambassador
who
not
to
attack
the neutrality
of France.
explained that
France
should
remain
his mind
secure
misunder-
proposals for
large
part
of
country."
It
will
not say
could
only
say
that
we
must
describing this interview.'
deutsche
England,
the
con-
WAR
asked whether
Sir
Edward
Grey
The
German
Ambassador,
he
said,
spoke
on
his
Edward
Grey,
was
enough
to
them
as
practicable.
They
because
they
were
Ambassador.
The
only
if
they
were
discussed,
the
of
the
conditions
of
English
to
say
that
the
German
Ambassador
requested
him
the
German
Ambassador,
failing
at
all.
Since
he
could
only
get
the north coast of
late.
which
France
before
swinging
back
to
committing
herself
to
all
the
of
Belgium
without
further
•
which he
latter
felt
ITALY
Dual
and
Triple
Alliances.
consequences that
might result
therefore remain
by
this
time
settled
their
grievances,
by
any
grievance
against
Germany had
this day is
and
early in the
memorandum
coasts or
shipping, the
the
above
contingency
Sir Edward
French Government,
dispositions with
their north
impression
that
England
would
when
Germany
and Documents {h).)
able to resist
would
war
from
the
beginning
of
aggression,
such
as
flying
aeroplanes
Grey
and
then issued
immediately
discuss
"whether
as
the
the
country
case of
the naval
respect it. She
Brussels
offered
the
army
He admitted
that Austria
had moved
two out
been
issued
by
the
London
Foreign
Office.
FRANCE
In
Paris
the
the war,
and accusing
The French
Government then
ENGLAND
to King
Later in
declared war
support
dispute should
work together
Petersburg.
July
2Sth.
proposal
time limit and agrees to Four Power mediation between Vienna
and
St.
of
England.—
Sir E. Grey says that England is not interested in Austro-
Servian
Russia.
Conference
in
London.
July
27TH.
ence,
and
says
he
I
tin.
WAR.
Austria
to
say
openly
that
German
in.
July
30TH.
Austria.—
her
mobilization.
the sovereignty of Servia,
of her
to give
against Servia
answer, sends
and undertakes
with
Russia.
gives
a Russo-German
ment British naval aid
a
counter-stroke
August i2th.
Hanotaux
in
Le
out that
the Austrian
her, if she
which
would
therefore
that
Austria
feared
being
dragged
the
to think that
troops
on
themselves ready for the
case it
the military
and naval
upon
probably
set
forth
evidence
based
during
the
earlier
relied
Berlin
and
Vienna.
RUSSIA
"
of
he
the
mobiliza-
peace
party,
had
returned
to
their
promulgated
for-
The
Standard
The Morning
Warsaw,
which
lie
The
correspondent
confirmation
that
Russian
lization, but
is
Austria,
were
to
be
mobilized,
St.
Petersburg.
July
28
On
and
Vilna
and
estimated
that
from
400,000
to
700,000.
suggest
that
it
might
for,
a Russian
forward policy.
nor do they appear
are
frontier,
according
to
also
in
to
regard to
naval preparations
burg to-day, and
called
up
of
the fighting
strength of
which had
not already
been affected
by the
and
how
the
first
telegram
to
mobilize
came
In spite
of rumours
28th several
the
districts
but
from
was issued, thus
the
frontier.
These
were
Times correspondent
officers
measures ;
been
recalled.
On
footing at
peace
strength
a
officers on leave.
movement
of
the
army
from
simultaneous in
on August 3rd,
(See M.
not
likely
to
be
tension.
GERMANY
a matter
first
line
from
their
to hold
the
mobilization,
place more rapidly
preparation
(not
been
out
to
some
news
from
Paris
comman-
deered.
Here,
again,
at
Munich
show
that
the
measures
to protect
Meanwhile
War Council on
62,
false
rumour
is
the
Russian
Minister
French
Minister
for
had
twice
enclosure
under
No.
105.
It
is
Sir
Francis
this
paper,
impossible therefore,
under
cover
of
martial
law,
if
It was
ment
from
(xxvii))
day and
is
general
mobilization
mobiliza-
raising
of
the
that of the
after
that
war
was
impending.
decree,
time as the
find a semi-
Petersburg
of August ist
either on
mobili-
zation
from
Vienna
(French
written
of
strategy.
It
of Amselfelde was celebrated with greater festivities than
ever,
and
the
1389,
together
with
two
Obilic
festivities
in
carried on for
joy
(eye-witnesses),
"
this
the
yoke "
on
When,
the
awful
crime
of
many
"
responsibility for a
representative
gathering
with
such
open
pathies
very
nearest
proximity
fanaticism
prevailing
here
must
here.
The
those of our
actual
to
the
Servian
of
our
days
fall
the
extreme,
the
people
were
moved
not
Monarchy.
The
election
campaign
is
Royal
and
Imperial
the
Royal
Servian
Govern-
ment.
of
July,
1914.)
I
of the
its
safety
and
integrity.
A
vast
number
of
agents
are
to
seduce
bloody traces,
with
the gangs that
not
solemn
declaration
by the hope
infernal
consequences
June,
Heir Apparent of the
victims
of
a
plot
conceived
at
Belgrade.
persons might
has,
on
the
of
of grace, since
an
about the
crime
at
place must
Note
further.
He
referred
also
to
themselves
No. 10
Count Scezsen
to Belgrade,
and
the
attitude
have it read
was
European
with our wishes.
(telegram.)
Paris,
rights of
the
centre
of
finally
removed
from
me to
him, and
to
declare
that
expressed
the
with
the disposition of
the Governments, M.
too great a
trouble, considering that
proceedings in
that
now,
after
the
He put
to make war with
foreign
revolutionary
plotting
and
the
surprising
which
Russia
cannot
remain
indifferent.'
No.
15
of
of
facts
(dossier),
while
at
it
make
with that.
M. Sazonof
main-
tenance
of
No.
i6
point
in
the
forenoon
succeed
in
killing
him.
put
the
Herzegovina, makes his name something sacred,
especially
to-day,
August
i8th,
as
little
Every Serb feels that."
Joseph.
quite
explicable."
{e)
The
Mali
Journal
of
19,
191
1,
to
the
Vienna
Court
out
yet
vow,
business,
and
who
are
groaning
under
foreign
the
Narodna
this
This
of
organi-
a
special
that
since
the
Powers,
the
whole
been
directed
to
one
Odbrana
of
To-day"
of the annexa-
the
fight
this fight would
pre-
cede
many
be."
up
in
the
following
passage
make refers to
fight
Narodna Odbrana is the
friends
those
brothers
that
the
and
people) is
regarded by
the society
as a
peasants
our
Kultur
only
Odbrana are then
national
idea,
connecting ties,
it did during the time
of
the
;
demonstrations,
volunteer
fanatical, untiring work and still more
work for the
carried out, as
foreign
relations.
the
political
areas,
Each
work
himself
a
financial
affairs
for
in
the
different
districts.
Local
The societies "which stand in the
closest relationships
President of the Society,
"
the
enemy
have taken up
and murmur
in slavery
voracious,
and
cruel.
Let
We
are
now
true
countless hosts,
to
our
work,
for
Servia
(April
191
2),
and
of
the
consecration
of
the
colours
of
the
brothers
to
the
Sumadija,
and
the
of
the
Sokols,
so
that
ten members,
was arrested by a
Ferdinand, to
statement
which
caused
not correct,
Servia just
self-sacrificing.
practised
under
the
have
knowledge
of
our
objects
On the dissolution
into
the
1909
43
letters
to
Raca,
55
in carrying these
it.
In
this
letter
the
Narodna
Odbrana
had
in
Bosnia.
Drina,
all
that
was
the
order
his
shoulder,
witness
and
control
the
came
an order
broken
Bosnian
gendarmes.
So
in
December
1910
at
Foca,
the
cattle
will tell you
with
it,
Jaglicic.
On
he
cut
by
the frontier.
the
or three
the
Archduke
him
life of the
Belgrade, who
the
attempt.
former
Commitadji
who
was
obtain the weapons and the means. Also Cabrinovic spoke
with Ciganovic about
ko Grabez,
of
carry-
ing
Major Voja Tankosic,
who then obtained
the statements of Princip
man ?
Have
keep
their
secrets
after
the
attempts
by
the factory for
depot.
weapons. In
a closed
letter to
the
railway
to
Loznica,
and
chief
destination which
you know."
worthy of them.
his
office.
Next
morning
Cabri-
novic
should
take
"
they going
the Drina.
There told
for
them.
Grabez
in
that
Brownings, and
"
teacher
order
ments are
their
authenticity.
Having
July
cynical.
It
exploits
designs
against
against
the
the civil
It has
been the
answer to
the
great
difference—
humanity,
the
Balkan
declares
on
July
the
terrible
and
Princip,
Jesuitism, as
clude that
accompanied his
shows
clearly
discovered
who
shame,
been dis-
unscrupulousness
of
the
in
Bosnia
Servians, who broke the
of Countess Lonyay,
part
to
avenge
the
Attempt
against
the
not
of the
words
would
have
army organiza-
thereby
some
Priboj undertook to
Narodna
brought Princip and Grabez to Cabrinovic with the news
that he brought two
he was
Odbrana,
Princip
had bombs and
limit for our ultimatum to Servia. I beg Your Excellency,
in
time limit. Your Excellency will be pleased to add that
Servia,
costs
your
conversations :
The
Russian
Charge
d'
Affaires
has
been surprised
my
had at last
of
circumstances,
to
The
ambulance
troops
have
diplomatic
relations
July
12/25,
1914.
See
upon
severe
measures
against
Servia,
we
from
our
attitude
towards
Servia,
because
fundamental
national
the
remarks
are
adapted
to
such
a
at the right
Prime Minister
of
his
the Russian Government
the
to
found indispensable
how-
ever,
Monarchy, in accordance
and in
land.
If
a
by the dossier
a
singular
phenomenon
in
so long
of the
Christian Balkan
out—
do
not
as
the
most
this
cause
European Balance
turn
it
may
take,
Russian
orders.
con-
versation
with
the
situation.
The
honour that no
been
called
of Kief, Odessa,
amicable
E. Grey
consideration
of
the
pacific
fact,
make
the
following
declaration
and
has
thereby
publicly
avowed
ourselves
we
are,
however,
determined
unconditionally
self-defence,
I
of the Note with
side no
is
mobilized
and guarantees
for the
Count
Szapary.
Sir
E.
Grey
told
me
that
he
was
a
refusal.
be able
had been his
The
conference
that
Austria-
Hungary
any
military
operation
to
find
sketched
the
we
cannot
at
the
present
of
conference from
Servia
Your
scarcely
before
the
before 6
month),
during
no
one
on
our
side
that
was
would be
From
the
attitude
of
the
feeling of animosity in
denied—but on the
gave him
a few
to
suffer
the
agitation
possible in
borders.
We
had
any
longer
the
present
circumstances
now, and assures us
still
the
since this conflict may
the peace
directly interested
of views
with him,
the London
in
these States
On
between Austria and Servia
pos-
to our
wishes and
to
give
Sir
E.
In
so
far
us.
He
peace
will
all
before,
a
reach
a
solution
in
view
No.
41
Sazonof has,
informed the
German military
attache that
the German
a step
me, the
Royal
Government
most
of
although they are
only working for
Germany
counting
discussion of
for exchange
to
violate
no
any
of
Servia's
our
demands
I
Servian
interest,
whereupon
M.
through a vicious circle.
that
our
southern
if
he
were
that the
of
honour
take
these
attache,
Ambassador.
I
ask
if the
no
place
between
me
and
already instructed
can,
of
course,
anxiety
time what
Hereupon I
the will
referred
Odessa,
Kief,
Moscow,
and
Kazan,
it
bore
a
hostile
character
Austria
had
exclusively
mobilized
:
Sir
Edward
Grey
to
the
in position
therefore
Russian Government
communication he has made
through Herr von Tschirscky,
at
those
places.
Since
the
Russia
getting appre-
in our points of view. Mean-
while
it
German
Ambassador
Sazonof
instructions,
was
an
error.
Your
Excellency
is
not
only
ready
to
deal
on neutral
ground in
has
made
Russian
Govern-
and
act
without
first
a
formal
declaration
following
to
threatening attitude of Russia towards the Austro-Hungarian
Monarchy
in
its
view of
Berlin
Cabinet
Austria- Hungary considers
ask
for
England
without
first
declaring
of
the
Minister
the
sending
of
troops
to
Your
German
War
is
entire
Vienna
and
that
longer
among the
population, might
give rise
I answered that it
M.
Dumaine
following
com-
munication
direct
menace
to
France.
In
No.
65
The
Japanese
Before the
the
Japanese
Government
has
in
no
way
the
Japanese
Charg6
of our
throne,
wife,
the
Duchess
Servian
State
the eyes
the achieve-
gradual revolutionizing
This
direction
of
Servia's
the
Servia
brink
ceeded
in
Imperial and Royal
conception
and
the situation,
and assure
him that
any action
conservation of
Austria
Pan-Serb
movement,
Austria-Hungary
accomplishment
of
her
desire
the
unconditional
demands
of
the
Monarchy,
emphati-
cally
took
the
Hungary
continued
friendly
behaviour
to
shift
In answer
promised
an
gain in Servia,
The
Imperial
Ambassador
at
consist in
of France
against
Russia
can
afford
to
assume
an
attitude
of
does
not
intend
to
was
also
news
about
preparations
on
the
much we
approved the
it foundered upon Austria's declining it, as was to be
expected.
Faithful
to
our
considered as a
Austria-Hungary
a
basis
for
further
negotiations.
land.^
On
was
demanding
from
alarm
of
July
forwarded
for negotiations,
concerning
Russian
the
of
Vienna regarding the
"
com-
us and already
ordered during the
against Germany and
July
our
long-tried
friendship
to
shown
yesterday
great grief,
receipt
was
instructed
that,
in
the
declare that
the
refusal
received, that
he
limited
himself
to
navy
was
ordered.
On
the
order
she will
therefore adapt
any
of the
upon
the
Imperial
and
Royal
Government
the
duty
to
terminate
intrigues
terrorizing
propaganda.
separate from the
and
rejects
every
any
part
of
Austria-Hungary,
through
an
order
in
the
itself,
in
addition,
as
follows
Hungary
unjustifiable
and abroad
until
Saturday,
25th
concerning
the
account of the
Ferdinand
frontier of
arms,
a
secret
by
Ciganovic.
was
effected
inst.
will dissipate
any misunder-
there
been
the
different
corporations
of
the
of
Europe
that
this
peace
interfere
with
the
possession
of
Bosnia.
in other countries,
and which ordinarily are not under the control of the State.
This, all
the greater number
upon quite
position, but
citizen
could
deduce
one.
of
which
to
wit,
according
way,
and
it
offers
of
no
does not
submit them
their
of
the
I,
and
R.
Narodna
furnishes actual proofs.
Servian Government
instruction
of
is
generally
not
punishable
clear
about
the
sense
and
The
international
as
a
persons who have
co-operation in
officials
 
justify
its
refusal
by
far
as
a man
and
render
against,
Servia and
Government,
were
hostile
to
R.
necessary
evidences
participated in
31, 1909.
Under the
very eyes,
the
dignity
nor
with
the
self-preservation
integrity
Austro-
Hungarian
Government
justifiable.
Nevertheless,
the
Government
has
a victim
was prepared
the
very
frontier, through
integrity of the Monarchy
so
It
do
all
other
Great
Powers
desire
European
war.
This
the
Servian
side of
carried
of the
allies,
the
neighbouring
monarchy
take the
WAR
Balkans.
received
no
in-
structions
from
St.
to
agitated.
He
declared
to the
Moscow
territorial
gain
in
Servia
the kingdom,
all possible
has
no
the existence of the kingdom, the decision
whether there
solely with Russia, which
upon
France,
with
which
will exercise
favour
It is
impossible for
his dispute with
war
in
We
parley
of the
the sub-
possible
to
retreat,
His
Majesty
of
Russia.
understand
any
could not desert
if Germany's
Tsar,
as
well
as
in
conjunction
impression
You as
well as
Peterhof
Palace,
July
Russia
to
remain
ever
desirable
between
Naturally
military
against
Servia,
me
in
such
accepted
now
against
us.
against
definitely
to
still pending
Si le
mand se
refus,
de
by
saying
that
in
his whole
Minister
communicated
to
me
for
Russian
consider it
of all prolong the
judgment on
of
the
justice
of
the
Austrian
demands
will
obligation
expressed
punish severely all those
is posted along
Your
Imperial
Your
Imperial
of
matter should
indicating
the
acceptable
of
Servian
independence
will
be
if
war
is
unavoidable,
Servian
President
of
time limit
of
Berchtold
any
result,
view,
of diplomatic
Grey added that
in view of this explanation he, in his instructions to
the
raised.
clear
terms,
the
announcement
of
the
Political
him that his words
had in no way
event, would
he
would
a general
demands
on
Servia,
and
could not
WAR
that with certain
to
work
out
with
me
certain
points
in
the
statement
On Russia accordingly rests the responsibility
for the
Servia.
not to
object
of
frightening
France
and
of
mobilization
against
(Signed)
Bronefsky.
No.
31
Ambassador
in
England
to
Minister
of
Foreign
Affairs.
(telegram.)
London,
July
14I27.
"
text
is
evidently
to
Servian
handed
in
by
the
Servian
to
give
Cabinet is not seeking
demands of
just
returned
to
Paris.
They
confirmed
to
on
St.
throw
the
responsibility,
not
on
to
Vienna
under
the
triple
with
the
order
to
support
our
step
o'clock.
There
is
no
doubt
to
from an
of
the
dignity
of
Servia,
avoids
the
So
long
as
there
bloodshed
all
our
eflorts
must
be
we,
however,
against
character
all
influence
in
Belgrade
that
he
thought
that
the
Servian
answer
The
Ambassador
should
be
authorized
to
matter,
but
that
the
Austro-Hungarian
Government,
prolong
the
settlement,
and
in
the
meantime
to
give
Austria
the
opportunity
of
crushing
Vienna,
and
Rome.
(Signed)
Sazonof.
no
way
directed
ing
mobilization
of
the
Austrian
army.
listen to
out
the
readiness
a
sympathetic
response
in
Germany.
The
remaining
telegram from
that
the
Vienna Cabinet declines to agree to an exchange of views
with us. In
view of this
expedient.
Vienna
the
private
conver-
sations
to-day
telegram
from
that you
more difficult
few
could not bring moderating
apparently
and
is
It
her complete
agreement with
your telegram
that
the
newspaper
correspondents
communicate
from
would agree
to stand
the
as possible renew in
Viviani
she
should
hasten
to
concur
von
Schoen
matter
would not be difificult
of
Servia
to
His
thanks.
which
precious
to
to
be sacredly
able
with
Servia.
Germany, it remains
only to hasten
In
Ministers
war
on
Servia.
Its
:
"
referred
to,
of
desire
to
agree to arrest
of
Government to
this new
exhibition of
our willingness
kind
should
gain
extreme
seriousness
to
continue
negotiations.
I
affairs exists that
the
English
modified
formula.
request
to
express
to
for the
a firm
a peaceful
lost.
accept
to
fat
Foreign
Affairs.
London,
neutrality
of
Belgium.
France
has
Government
reply
to
just
and
the
Ambassador could
by this refusal
Servia
showed
fresh
discussing
act
but
of
all
the
other
At an
the excessiveness
for obtaining a
pride
the diminution
whole
people
handing of the
Russia, while
meet
mobihzation of
conference
military
pre-
cautions.
On
to
begin
military
continued
seek a solution, and
Notwithstanding
these
mobilization.
On
the
following
day,
July
precautionary
steps
during
the fact
that in
in
a
state
of
moment considers
of
Foreign
Affairs
of war
to
the
be premature
could
not
necessary instructions
I will
of
mobiliza-
tion
of
the
Belgian
Army,
Belgium
can
if hostilities come
near her frontiers.
a state
of defence.
which
our
resolution
to
fulfil
the
international
obligations
which
the treaties
telegram
Government
to
the
Austrian
communication
of
July
23rd.
(Signed)
Michotte
de
Welle.
admit of
thinks that this must be
satisfactory unless Austria wants
British
Government
to
answered. The
Brussels,
July
their
effective
London.
Brussels,
July
31,
1914.
The
Brussels,
July
the
French
and
German
to
maintain
it."
I
have
thanked
regime and the
to
maintain
our
neutrality.
(Signed)
Davignon.
No.
12
Letter
from
was
in
consequence
of
our
desire
to
fulfil
our
towards
of
(Signed) Davignon.
Annex to
No. 12
the North
tively if they
accepted.
(Signed)
he
the
dispatched by
the
of
1867.
The
energeti-
as
to
forces
on
the
have no
self-preservation for
informed
by
his
law
war.
this
had
The
Secretary-General
remarked
that
in
that
law of
nations, being
lead one to suppose that other acts
contrary
to
the German Govern-
ment has been
informed that according
to reliable informa-
spite of
its desire,
the
a violation
ultimatum
unless
exceptional
measures
of
Belgian
Government
to
abandon
Government
in
this
at
night.
During
day
navigation
will
given
me
this
assurance.
about
six
hours
to
set
you
immediately.
have been
of Antwerp.
After war
Dutch
Government will in
the case of
setting up war
passports,
which
will
receipt of
Madrid.
it will
instructions
burg, and have
perhaps already penetrated
nations.
has,
as her adver-
sary respects it.
; we can-
possible
German
Government
to
on the
the
most
posi-
tive
manner
pretext
annex
Belgian
Belgian
her
as the
known
securing
telegraphically submitted
particular
Reichstag
call
at
once.
French
offer,
and
told
him
that
deliberating
on
the
of engagements.
by
all
means
guarantee its
integrity and
July
31st
to
to
her
guarantors.
The Council had decided in favour of the affirmative when
the British Minister informed us
that
annulled for
the
ultimatum
39).
In
the
power
this
attempt
and
persons
in
case
be
considered
an
hostile
act
in
writing.
(Signed)
Davignon.
No.
45
Telegram
from
obliged
Government
enemy
Brussels, August
Governments
to
answer
Germany and
territory
of
the
State
by
a
belligerent
nor
the
to the said territory.
to take shelter there
to a
in
completing
roadstead
or
hours.
(3)
Warships
or
or
humanitarian
mission.
Article
6.
of the State
Article 7.—Warships or ships assimilated thereto belonging
to a
Article
8.
tions
set
forth
be
may only leave
to
a
have
on
board,
to
reach
immediate
orders
shall
be
the event
vessels intended
exchange,
in
degree
not
wider
Similarly, the
service), or by
the Dutch
of defence
identical note
to
which she
After the
warfare
in
Belgium.
The
The
Ambassador
Government
with
you.
at mediation
and its
simply in order
Affairs
of
the
Netherlands,
you its
the
Belgian
Minister
of the
ment
proposes
to
make
to that
neutrality has been violated,
the guaranteeing
able
within
twenty-four
hours
to
inform you that the
for
you
to
travel
communication
the
of the
and I
which was
honour to
the
that subjects of Austria-
considers
to
Count
Errembault
de
Dudzeele.
(Signed)
Klary,
No.
78
Telegram
from
the
laws
of
nations
have addressed
by
the
British
signment of German
same day as
latter announced
a copy of
simple right
for all
nations situated
with
honour
has
that
MENT
PUBLICATIONS.
(a)
July
30
Bethmann-Hollweg
{From
to
clear
up.
We
with
Servia,
with
however, be
should,
by
your
influence,
try
in
order
to
otherwise
appears
of
how-
last
informed
William
of
my
telegram
(Signed) Henry.
if Austria
and will
this
evening
to
suspend
the
not
German
Germany.
Government in
I feel
confident that
is possible should be
{From
negotiations
continued.
been
forced
country
will
not
fail
to
{From
the
France remaining neutral in
the
England guarantees with its forces the absolute
neutrality
of
France
in
by
our
troops
Government
panied
could
see
her
play
an
important
role
with
the
the event
asked
him
if
wished neither
seeing that it ensured us Great Britain's neutrality. The
Minister
obtain further
a war
to attack
neutrality of
Government thought
that we should secure the neutrality of France if Germany
went
to
a
different
pro-
posal,
Alliance, it
the Ambassador sent for my private secretary, and told him
that,
he had sent on
been published.
27tk.
{Hansard,
Vol.
66,
No.
121).
Mr.
why
to
one of these conditions.
On Monday, August
again
at
his
the plans of
when
in the morning, and
tion, and it does not appear in White Paper
;
cheers)
without
becoming
subsequently
to
not
3rd.
If
of
whether
the
German
authorities
at
(Opposition
cries
of
no
mis-
understanding
(cheers)
which
his
Government
had
the
south-
this
believed in this that
it could reckon on
alliance
of
the
Balkan
States.
conquest
especially
in
of
St.
Russian
mobilization.
They
the
official
information
Austria-
Hungary.
At
was
endangered
proposals made
a
official
information
sultation with France, and
without knowledge of mobili-
sufficient
certainty
of
Government,
to
purchase,
contra
argent
comptant,
caused
in
Belgium
by
the
opposition
of
the two
neighbouring nations
duties, and
its army
most
vigorous
resistance.
of Prussia.
Belgium has
Belgium has
injure
France
; on
by remaining
considering
the
bases of armed
make
or
Holland,
if
it
undertaking on
main-
Imperial
neighbourhood
of
every day
with fresh
to
maintain
peace,
has,
up
to
the
the
most
indispensable
precautionary
then,
a
conflict
of
the
British
Government
Majesty's
Government,
and
in
same lines.
remain
inflexible,
impossible.
France, and
matic action, the more
power
definitely
reaffirmed.
Pray
accept
the
expression
Buckingham Palace, August i,
Europe
has
been
have
worked
so
amicably
to
as
developments
but
p.
858,
No.
153.)
TREATY
Russia
guarantee
of
the
the Act
States.
respected
by
France,
Her
Majesty
the
vided
Ireland,
employing
Article I of the Quintuple Treaty of
April
19,
1839.
(e)
August
9,
1870
Neutrality
of
Belgium.
(Hertslet,
engage
operations
of
in
the
Treaty
between
Belgium
19,
1839.
Article
II
His
co-operate
the
Independence
and
Neutrality
of
Belgium
will,
so
far
Treaty of April
was
concluded
in
October
1879,
but
wish
of
the
Empires
be
attacked
by
Russia,
the
High
If,
however,
in
c6nclusion
of
peace.
Clause
III
Britain
be fixed for
their
assent
to
the
draft
Khedivial
the
interests
after its
enjoy the same
with
iqoi.
Article
III
the
of
trade between Egyptian
will
not,
the
same
Governments shall
Unless
this
Nevertheless,
that
the
concessions
for
the
same
service.
The
the
Mediterranean.
In
will
to on
communicated to His Britannic
Kingdom
of Great Britain and Ireland and of the British Dominions beyond
the
the
present
their seals.
1904.
Secret
Articles
attached
to
or
Morocco,
in force in other
come
within
the
sphere
of
influence
of
Declaration
alienate
the
whole,
or
a
Article
V
Should
be
obtained,
the
Government
not oppose
the repay-
1904.
Ch)
August
subject
of
Great
Continent of Asia,
cause
of
Powers,
any
Concessions
at
the
Concessions
Great
Britain
engages
not
to
to
seek
of
Gazik,
Birjand, Kerman, and ending at Bunder Abbas, and not to
oppose, directly
or indirectly,
region which are supported
stood that
 
the service of the
Shah with the Imperial
up to the date of the signature of the present
Arrangement.
"
and
with the Imperial Bank of
Persia up to the date of the signature of the present Arrangement, and
in the event
control over
service of
the loans
concluded with th first-named bank, and situated in the region
men-
tioned
in agreement
with each
other, the
which
the
following
Convention
and they
administration
trade
and
by Russian trade and
mercial
of coiu-se,
being had
to the
force when His
Britain
and
Thibet
relations to
of
Great Britain
of
Convention of
that tfiis
out of
The
Lord Hugh Cecil :
explana-
tion."
a)
March
of
to
be
landed
on
naval agreement
Somerset
asked
a
similar
Powers,
there
I have quoted, it ought in
my opinion
(From
upon Europe.
respect
peaceful
and mighty, land
patience we
against
on our
is
very
near
to
war.
Russia
preparations
attempt
to
mediate
warmly supported
by us.
to
away
ally.
through our
with
("
had
mobilized
Russia, were
to
declare
to
the
a
lo
kilometres
from
the
frontier.
defensive."
So
far
the
Gentlemen,
we
are
now
in
a
France
been fatal
set
aside
the
just
protests
of
When
one
is
can only
Gentlemen, we
(Stormy
applause.)
Our
army
(Long,
enthusi-
people to
the last
(Stormy
applause.)
Speech
of
of Imperialist
over
Europe
like
a
our
innermost
our brothers
the
mothers
who
"
national
end of ensuring
No
one
will
fail
in
will
our
brother
Slavs,
who
are
of
At
this
our
the first
Your subjects
us
to
take
and rest,
and Your
loving heart
so dear
to You.
any
country
assured."
Duma, M.
that
the
Russian
people
have
no
say
to
all
who
attack
us,
to defend
itself.' We
can say,
his
head
in
gloom,
whatever
trials
he
will be repulsed and
peace will shine again,
splendour of its
the
rostrum.
"Gentlemen
of
the
Duma,"
he
began,
a
place.
One
after
the
history,
but
for
for war.
issue
out
people,
we
consider
full unity
the
be Great
but
their
calumnies
cannot
mislead
any
problems
bound
up
with
of her
the self-love of others, or neglect of the rights of
the weak.
enemies.
of
Slavs
cannot,
as the
law in Europe.
done
its attempt
exerted
documents which are to be published,
and which present
by
Austria,
without
"
not hide our point of view
from
the time
for
a
peace-
ful
solution
carried
our ally.
and
especially
tinued
her
hegemony ?
(Stormy
applause
We have
counted on the
possibility of national
apathy. But God
will not desert
Govern-
ment
the Russian
our fraternal
citizens,
remember
reconciliation with
who have
vote
for
all
the
proposals
"
the
Lithua-
nians
and
Esthonians
will
ranks of the
army, but in
indeed cut
a
holy
Freedom
referred
to
by
rostrum.
The
opinion.
When
to these
again, and
Our
cause
is
just.
We
go
party
whole-heartedly
unites,
our
duty
to
Russia,
true
able
to
In
these
dark
but
famous
times
Russia
army
and
our
from
the
on
of the
composed of Moham-
representatives,
their feelings
whole-heartedly
 
unshaken
trial,
cause, are ready to
its
dignity.
Recognizing
expressing
comrades.
The
present
find the means
possible termination.
be dictated
not by
the
this
moment.
I
think
that
far taken up.
by
the
Austro-Hungarian
in the
Austro-Hungarian
Government
upon
Servia.
dispute was one
matter
that
concerned
how things were likely to
develop
;
the only chance of peace appeared
to me to be
Britain
Rome
to
ask
the
Governments
to
wliich
His Majesty's
suspend
all
active
military
operations
alone
to
preserve
the
peace
must
I
preliminary steps
of trying
where
it
should
a settlement
that would
has ever
befallen the
what
conflict
morning
the
German
Emperor
Hungary and Russia, but that as to the particular proposal
of applying
right
hon.
gentleman
Secretary if
he has
as
was
proposed
for
support,
be
very
few.
I
wish
no
alternative.
One thing only, further, I would like to say. The
right
hon.
gentleman
spoke
of
Every-
thing
he
I should like
to say, further,
but
us in
add
for
the
Opposition.
Mr.
John
Redmond
spring a
every
possible
this
our country.
had
circumstances
permitted,
the two
speeches we
to resist
they are
wrong. We
tion,
told us
character without those statesmen
fought
of
our
us
that
a
use of
Belgium,
when,
going
to
leave
to
idea
France is
if,
European history, then
justify
as
we
are
saying
that
this
country
of
the
French,
reparation. They had given
only in the
of
humanity.
When
crisis
which
threatened
the
whole
of
Europe,
France decided to follow and to recommend to all a policy
of
prudence,
No
one
to
to
the
last
broken
be
completed.
defend
the
honour
of
the
flag
sacred union in
face of the
fraternally
bound
together
to all
work and
issued to
On
the
hand,
since
war,
at different
Aviators
and
people
it finds
been the dread and
you.
The
ardent
needed
each
and
all
of
you
will
this
dangerous
and
to
1908.
The
their decisions
official
to
be
as
follows
in
Servia
were
state
of
things
in
Servia
which
forfeiting,
not
merely
her
as
well.
Austria
drastic
reparation
for
such
measures
She
asked
is the full
her
own
States alone, and
the deep
of the Austro-
in the
going very far
clearly
and
unmistakably
in
was
reply
ad-
The German authorities
who have been
European issue.
can be
working
for
Government ardently
to the help
very utmost
of
her
disposal if Austria
given
by
Russia
to
Servia
on Austria.
Germany undoubtedly
wants peace,
is
that
Austria
cannot
she has obtained full
cordially
supported
afford
to
admit.
(ziii)
Times.
Paris,
July
28th.
if
Austria
will intervene.
the Austro-Russian issue,
is a grave
she has no territorial ambitions have
their counterpart in Russia's assurances
that
has repeatedly
There is
Sir
Edward
Servian
accepted
by
Vienna.
(xvi)
statement
that
on
negotiations
Paris,
accord-
ing
to go
beyond punishing
first
No explanation is
the Austro-Servian
conflict is
facts.
The
persistent
unanimity
of
the
bland
fight
that William the Second,
between
Germany
meetings
of
the
the
the hope
is expressed
last moment be
European
outbreak.
Her
position
must,
the German view,
hope that a
possible
to Europe, and
credit,
and
a doubtful
military
diplomatic
source
that
the
news
about
mobilization
Russia was
of
the
responsibiUty
for
Frederick
(zxix)
a
mediatory
sense.
a conference in
results of
during
the
Balkan
that on that occasion
the conference. Sir
means which
Powers.
(xzzi)
Daily
Telegraph.
to Servia
bound
to
Teutons,
of neighbours.
Russo-German war,
Bonar
Law,
459
universal.
Both
were
ready
to
support
her
in
It
immediately
appeared,
and Herzegovina.
This movement
swept the
insurrection
Austria took
over the
administration of
the provinces
the
Sultan
over
these
provinces."
annexation was
of
cathedral
bells,
tension
wars of
degree, also
place, was
the
was
not itself to blame
vian
soil.
evidence
had
yet
been
furnished
that
Servian
territory
ment to
to enquiries,
liered
that
in , Austrian
courts, and
hostile
the
Government
schools,
of two
to
a
full
greater humiliation.
Great Britain and Germany
and
well
to
of a
dangerous popular
movement against
Europe
then
knew.
Great
had no title
expressed
his
doubts
as
to
the
ultimatum
officially,
Austria's
step
meant
imminent
war,
Embassy from
deal with
that
Great
Russia
Austria would
advice.
Austrian
Servia.
Would
this
popuUxr
enthusiasm
be
her influence
not
like
what
she
called
actually began,
apparently
considered
that
news
was
coming
from
Berlin.
Up
ance
with
the
request
treaties signed
that Germany was preparing
Belgium
was
of
supreme
military
importance
in
a
war
with
Prance
must
reaffirm
French
necessary
engagement
doubt of German designs.
continued between Russia
as soon as
Late on
days
Germany,
although
genera]
mobilisation
in
Parliament,
which
are
no
additional
explanations
From the
to the
either of our present allies.
He
maintained
that
the
allies,
atti-
tude
and
on
the
sentiment
in
favour
request
extension
similar
instructions
expiry
of
time-limit,
of
Austria-
Hungary
reply
tives
Refers
and
St.
projected
Ser-
vian
reply
of
Austria-
Hungary,
Servian
...
pass on
long as
the latter
localise
war.
Russia
Possibility
of
confident that
Sir E.
Grey's observations
Foreign
gave
delay proceedings
against Servia,
could
now
prevent
conflict
Conversation
be
declared
Ambassador
at
and
that
mediation
most urgent.
Reasons for German
against Servia
Powers
the
British sug-
accept
Servia.
Italian
Minister
for
punitive occupation of
Majesty's
Gorman Secretary
for
French
colonies.
by
of
war
Belgian
integrity
moment is passed for
ment
Powers
with
Ger-
many
Britain is for
for the
114.
Secretary
of
State
Belgium
Foreign
which she
that
the
German
against
burg.
To
regard to
would accept
zone
of
integrity
of
Servia,
man
must
be
re-
garded
Russia, and
that he
is weary
special
favour
pre-
protection
France. Effect
Berchtold,*
in
speaking
to
the
Servia,
founded
presumably
upon
they
The
Ambassador
said
that
he
certainly
assumed
of
Excellency
in
conversation
that
ensued.
His
would be.
thalf'hfe would
an
official
communication,
able to
this
very
much.
a
a
prospect
of
securing
a
had
In
1909,
to
not comment
but
I
could
not
apprehension
had
been
expressed
M. Gambon and Coun Benckendorff, but
also
it had
had
influence
reasonable were the
consequence! of the
as many as four
—
so
vast
a
that a war
industry.
industrial States,
in
be
completely
statement
ho said that
all would depend
Sorbie
"Le
par
des
oificiers
et
fonotionnaires
'
menace
perpetuelle
the ultimate aim of
les
"8°
d'explosifs
a
travers
la
frontiere;
"a
licencier
et
6 heures
miss
and
punish
object,
either
avowed
or
secret,
was
the
in the kingdom.
contempt
for
the
neighbouring
Monarchy,
by
the
solemn
signatory Powers.
of
secret system
of transport
was orga-
Rudivoj
Vienna.
(Telegraphic.)
Foreign
Office,
July
been
In
the
ensuing
liardly
consistent
Count
Mensdorff*
replied
that
hand after
the murder
of the
procrastinated in
replying, a
M.
Sazonof*
meet him at the
and France.
tmderstand
the
obligations
entailed
had
just
said
to
me.
speak
in
no
and France
of that
the
general
European
declaration
of
complete
solidarity
of
His
Majesty's
Government
with
French
seemed to me
might
see
involve France
France,
on
their
or
Vienna,
to
Ambassador
Russia
indifferent.
Austrian note
that
it
was
stake ;
at
many years. In an especially
marked form the
ference
Servian provocations
conduct in future
It has
would not be
self-jireservation
by
stances, the course of procedure and demands of
the Austro-Hungarian
In
Government in Servia
apprehension
that
allow themselves
the Servian
I had thought
that if Austria
Powers to
should
participate
in
it.
M.
Canibon
I
subject
I
Government
about
the
Austrian
between
Austria
and
Russia
atro
he
had
to
exercise
moderating
influence
at
of
moderation
in
the
event
of
the
into
Servia
and
Russian
Slav
opinion
demand
that
Russia
action
and
so
to
gain
more
time.
But
unconditional
acceptance
of
absolute refusal and
the
time
will
express
their
views,
but
I
cannot
even
repondre soit
prolonge. L'Autriche-Hongrie,
"The
communication
made
by
Austria-Hungary
same informa-
Sir
have not
was
an
reference is made in the Austrian ultimatum, were given not
to Austria,
to
England,
by mobilising
your
influence
action was in
there
would
be
no
meant to
prevent
such
with
your
sviggestion
such
knowledge.
No.
19.
Sir
Vienna
note. There
is reliable
No. 20.
the Austrian
as large
Government
declare
themselves
ready
prosecute
those
officers
who
proposed
Servian
Government.
what you said,
cannot
to
war
development of other issues
anxious
to
strongly that
co-operate.
No
diplomatic
intervention
or
mediation
would
which his
the Powers
the
complications
\ihich
are
Austrian <jlovernmeiit
as
the
latter
they
be furnished
Rome.
Sir,
Foreign
Office,
July
25,
1914.
spoke to Sir A.
were
so
much
if Austria trans-
undergo
a
radical
change,
State would, or
Austrian
subjects—Bosuiaks that one of them had been in Servia, and that
the Servian
found
no data on
t
Servian
them had
over
claim.
As
to the German Ambassador
every point Servia had been willing to give in.
His
Excellency
mobilisation
-find
retirement
of
Italy, and
discovering an issue
Bertie, British
Ambassador at
General,
pendant
neighbouring
Monarchy,
affairs
created
in
time
of
the
their
ciaire
d'actes diriges
faits dc ces
la
proceedings
lishments in
Servia all
all such
bourly relations.
may
'be,
the 15th*
within
the
I
propos
que
effiet,
ete
deja
fait
par
la
eventual
proofs
col-
which
have
to pass.
Edward
Orey.
for
Russia
to
remain
indifferent.
He
entitled
a purely Austro-Servian dispute
the
Austro-Hungarian
note
stake
; and
that
until
punishment
Servia,
this
as
to
the
advisability
of
their
speaking
proposed
was
not
practicable.
He
St.
Petersburgh
showed
that
there
was
an
Sazonoft
to
exchange
Austrian and
Russia
asked him what
Germany
she
that
St.
Petersburgh
had
caused
Government.
Although
the
demands
were
present
tension,
he
thought
that
England
«cd
collaborate
with
Austria.
The
Austrian
Ambas-
Sir
Udirard
Grey.
subject
of
St. Petershurgh.
should
at
least
be
treated
assisted
Austria
against
Vienna.
Sir,
Foreign
Office,
July
27,
1914.
to
compelled to
propaganda
had
guarantees
for
the
definite
the last ten
and
to
The
embassy
Edward
Grey.
ar
au
that
initiative
in
convoking
a
proposal
with
in the affirmative,
which
just spoken,
had expressed
his personal
Grey.
pending
any
discus-
sions
that
might
yet
take
conference,
be
bility of
Austria receding
Servia,
such will be
enable her to say that she had yielded to Europe
and not to
and
after
communication
colleagues this
is sincere in this wish
he
to
work
Edmard
Grey.
tions on
—
it
Edward
Grey.
were
given
reply was
considered inade-
renunciation
facilitating such a course as was
considered practicable
by the
Servian Charge
d'Affaires. It
Germany
had
been
given
to
State
keep
the
first
a
it would be
judgment
upon
the
two
accept
co-operation.
You
but
if
ventured
mind,
gave
way
in
not wish to
suggestion has been declined
would
not
specify,
being
taken
to
my
it
seemed
to him that when Austria had entered Servia, and so satisfied her
military prestige, the moment
Imperial Govern-
 
form sitch
eonversa'tiona took.
had
Ambassador had informed his
fact
thai
declared
Russia
to
submit
to.
Had
not
in
earnest,
Austria
would
had
given
me
to
understand
that
Russia
mobilisation
was
completed.
In
of
by
the
Emperor's
appeal
to
his
and by
Ambassador
was
reported
to
have
accepted
telegram of the
German Secre-
formula
views
to have any
views
might
to avoid
part,
he
n:;ould
expression
explain
in
a,
and
would
I
long
but
my
information
Austrian Government have
said
if
necessary.
as
Austria's
ally,
in
that
and
allow
had
been
Chancellor
the
object
as you were
realisation
did not think it probable
that at this stage
who
view
of
communication
that
Germany may use her influence at Vienna to prevent or moderate
any
further
British
with Germany,
I should let
become involved, so
Russia if
Russia was
Ambassador
afternoon
of
the
information
that
1
had
anything
that
was
like
a
threat
and
the
decision
the
Ambassador
telegram
to have
that Austria
it
was not a
the humiliation
of Russia.
Yiimna.
Sir,
an
explanation
of
how
necessary
the
Austrian
action
was.
with Servia
turn her
effect that
the Austrian
action might
have upon
San Giuliano* suggesting that the German objections to the media-
tion
anticipated
liongroise.
solution which,
while consolidating
about the
Servia's promises for
proposal
for
a
posal with which,
ried on by a
llussia on
be very diffi-
tue
un
refus
du
Cabinet
de
not
immediately
interested
interest in the
But
by
three
he does not know
have an
precautions
similar
to
those
which
had
been
taken
across
On
the
whole,
the
1914.
FRENCH
yesterday
afternoon
to
just
as,
Russian
against
Russia
Finland.
Foreign
to examine whether the prospect of
a
future
now. Wo
add
most
of
maintaining
the
ar-A
good-will.
And
be preserved, and
her or her
The
idea
has
but
definite rapprochement
be
arrived
at,
I
can
suggest
if
Russian
Berlin.
You
should
inform
British Ambassador at
two
years
reply.
He
said
stances
arose.
The
on
the
offensive
upon
demand
that
France
should
cease
her
to remain
general
peace,
peace,
and,
if
yesterday, 22nd November, that during
the
last
either Government
sultations
I am
having grave
Sous menace
d'etre fusilles
advance-
posts
the Luxemburg
the standpoints
favour
of
continuing
&rei/.
Ambassador in London
by
which
mediating
enquiry from
the
on the understanding
Ambassador at St.
Vienna between,
the Austrian
that he
give
explanations
a number
It is with
resumed between Austria and Russia, and you should express this
to the
hope
he
Goschen,
stumbling-block
hitherto
has
been
Russian mistrust
preventing
a
solution
being
Petersburgh,
Germany
might
sound
Vienna,
and
I
would
undertake
satisfaction of her
Petersburgh and
would
not
accept
it
His
Majesty's
or
Secretary
are being
mobilised. Chancellor
immediately.
His
Excellency, seemed
^
other
Power.
desire and
expect other
You
should
inform
the
Belgian
decisive
factor
in
situation.
justified
in
giving
*
Edward Gi-ey.
German Ambassador had
the discussion
The
Russian
Ambassador
no desire to
moderate
yield to them as
No.
119.
saying
that
it
was
would
wrong
to
M.
Cambon
be to
question d'interet
la satisfaction que la Serbie pourrait accorder au Gouvernement d'Autrichc-
Hongrie sans
Nicholas had
begun by
thanking Emperor
William for
His Majesty had then
It
would
be
largely
com-
munication,
I asked
his Excellency
demand even more difficult
Chancellor, but he
up till
last night
"been urging
must consult
and
he
was
therefore
very
doubtful
It
appears
from
what
he
said
violation
still
on
that
of
be
guaranteed.
say
that
Sir Edward
waa being held..
He took a
the
respecting
of Belgium which you
instructed me to make.
is urgently
that
neutrality
that
issue
reqitested
an
answer
not
satisfactory.
that this
the
Minister
for
detained
steamers
belonging
to
the
Great
Central
Company
and
other
British
merchant-
ships.
without
Government, on
careful not
between
Ambassador
Austria to accept
ready
to
proposition
anglaise
the
her
sovereign
rights
—
upon Austria
by
Russian.
Government.
No.
136.
the
system
of
six
classes.
It
War is
that
to work
to discuss
by
abstaining
from
answering
Germany's
demand
Germany
to
imply
and
without making
Germany should
allow Russia
from
all
parts
of
time,
Russia
n
certain
time
to
inform
yesterday.
No
to
in general,
they were
had
been
an
equivocal
and
double-faced
policy,
been
refused.
He
had
accepted
the
pro-
Great
Britain
and
Italy,
for
could obtain
French
troops
and
the
German
No.
141.
after
noon
he
Russian Ambassador
any quarter
present
course,
if
they
have
—
ORDERS have just been issued for the general mobilisation of
the
navy
and
mobilisation
acted on.
the
greatest
surprise
Edward Grey.
sent
Londres de
gave
M.
Cambon*
the
following
memo-
randum
to
the
ipoliey
they
could
I told him
British Ambassador
compulsorily
unloaded
sugar.
You
should
Hambui'g
to
allow
the
: Detention of
British sliips
England
in
1870
given
to
treat
made upon Belgium will
prepared
at once
with Belgium, Germany will,
strictly
which
was
at Brussels, to
Sir Echvard Grey.
summoned
to
surrender
hy
small
by
strength of the
great
loss
of
time.
meant time gained by
Supply of
troops. I
that
this
fait
accompli
exceedingly
back and avoid
He replied that, for the reasons he had
given
them
to
draw
back.
and, in compliance
and
that
unless
o'clock that night
that they would proceed no further with their violation of the Belgian frontier
and stop their advance, I had
been instructed
as themselves.
had
mentioned
12
o'clock
as
an
answer,
asked
him
whether,
in
view
necessarily
ensue,
it
were
not
answer
should
his
poignant
regret
and
to my work
cards.
What
of
thatP
adding
fuel
to
the
fiaine
by
further
argument.
As
I
up
supporting
our
efforts
to
maintain
that
this
had
brought
us
face
no one
the
Under-Secretary
law as
he was
known to
be
must
know
as well or better than I what was usual in such cases. I added that there were
many cases
in this case he would have seen from my instruc-
tions, of which I had
given Herr von Jagowt
Imperial
night.
had
declared
the drawing-
happen-
ing.
expressed
his
most
heartfelt
"
upset
his
calcula-
tions.
He
excited
to
violence
by
felt sure
other
and
on the same
morning Count Wedel
demanded in writing—
via the Hook
wait
the
following
quite
assured
preceding night
all
and I
led up to
to do more than
few comments.
The delivery
at Belgrade
of
the
were
French Ambassador, had long
Affairs,
by
whom he was left under the impression that the words of
warning he had
instructed to speak to the Austro-Hungarian Government had not been
unavailing,
and
that
it
would
same
day
other
principal
cities
idea of
only
the
peaceful
intervention
of
a
any
or that questions of mere policy or
pi'estige should
which
had
arisen
to
exact
SerajeTo.
The
conviction
German
Ambassador
Russia would
means