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Romuald Witkowski, Regional Sales Manager Bartłomiej Walczak, R&D Department

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E-mobility is the future

Hydrogen technologycomplements battery drives, the two are not competitiveThe synergy of the development of all e-mobility branches will ensure efficientdecarbonisation of transport

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Electric driveEmission-free, quiet,

no vibrations

Wide range350 km

in different conditions

Fast fuellingAbout

10 minutes

Hydrogen-poweredThe only by-productare heat and steam

Why to use hydrogen?

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123 working stations47 stations in progress

25

105

9

2

7

3

12

1

3

9

H

Hydrogen filling stationsin Europe

2

7

3

1

1

* source: https://h2.live/en/tankstellen. As of 15.10.2019

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47,7%

27,2%

7,5%

11,9%

13,5%

16,5%

22,1%

32,7%

45,2%

2,1%

7,4% 12,5%

16,2% 19,2% 18,2%

0%

10%

20%

30%

40%

50%

60%

70%

80%

90%

100%

2020 2025 2030

Newly registered buses with an alternative drive in Europe in 2020-2030

Diesel Diesel-Hybrid Electric Fuel cell CNG/Biogas

Source: ZeEUS/UITP(VEI) – 2017

Electric drives– dynamicallygrowing trend in Europe

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Oslo

Amsterdam

Hamburg

Rotterdam

CologneAntwerpen

Karlsruhe

StuttgartBolzano

San Remo

Brugg

* Countries and cities in Europe that have opted for hydrogen technology in public transport buses.

Arnhem

Apeldoorn

Milano

London

Aberdeen

Liverpool

Pau

Tarbes

Aalborg

Lens

NaratoviceFrankfurtMainz

Wiesbaden

Wuppertal

187 buses in total were

contracted to 30 cities in Europe in the period between 2010-2019.

European activities promotinghydrogen technology

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Solaris hydrogen experiencein Hamburg

2 x Solaris Urbino electric 18.75 with a hydrogen range extender

Hochbahn Hamburg ”Innovation Line 109”

The buses perform up to 300 km a day

120 kWh batteriesSolaris High Energy

Fuel cell range extender Ballard 85 kW

Plug-in depot charger(20 kW)

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1 x batterySolaris High Power

Fuel cell range extender Ballard 85 kW

Hydrogen tanks~20 kg

Solaris hydrogen experiencein Riga

10 x Trollino 18.75 with a hydrogen range extender

Trolleybuses operate without traction for up to 100 km

Unique solution at European level

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Solaris High Power battery

Ballard fuel cell – 70 kW

Hydrogen tanks Type 4 – 37.5 kg

ZF Electric drive axle – 2 x 125 kW

CO2 air conditioning unit with a heat pump heating function

Solaris Urbino 12 hydrogen

12,000 mm low floor

3,300 mm height

GVW19,200 tonnes

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2.000 mm space for a wheelchair

29 seats

Maximum 33 seats for the 3-door version

Maximum 37 seats for the 2-door version

93 people (up to 98*)

Solaris Urbino 12 hydrogen

*For GVW 20 000 kg

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CO2 AC with heat pump heating functionHYDROGEN

TANKS

SOLARIS HIGH POWER TRACTION BATTERY

ELECTRIC AXLE WITHINTEGRATED MOTORS

TRACTION CONTAINER

BRAKING RESISTOR

DC/DCCONVERTER

FUEL CELL

Drive systemSolaris Urbino 12 hydrogen

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HYDROGEN H2

Catalyst

Proton exchange membrane(PEM)

Catalyst

Cathode

AIR + WATER VAPOR

HEAT

OXYGEN

ELECTRIC CIRCUIT

Anode

UNUSED HYDROGEN

RECIRCULATES

5. The protons, returning electrons, and the oxygen, create water and heat

H2 → 2H+ + 2e-

1

2O2 + 2e- + 2H+ → 2H2O

1. The hydrogen reaches the catalyst

4. Electrons go to an external electric circuit. The resulting electricity is used by the drive system

2. The hydrogen splits into protons and electrons

3. Only protons permeate the PEM membrane, crossing over to the cathode

How does the fuel cell work?

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STEP 1Oxygen from the air and

hydrogen from the tanks

are delivered tothe fuel cell

STEP 2Electric power

and water are

generated as a

result of the

chemical reaction

STEP 3Electricity is fed

into the driveline

as well as to the

battery depending

on demand

O2

H2O

H2

Energy flowSolaris Urbino 12 hydrogen

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Any questions?