PREVIEW OF

LIFESPAN DEVELOPMENTPOWERPOINT TRAINING

PRESENTATION

INFANCY

Birth to 1 year

HEART RATE

Normal heart rate in newborns is between 140 and 160

Settling around 120 beats per minute

RESPIRATORY RATE

Initially 40-60Dropping to 30-40 after first few minutes of lifeSlowing to 20-30 by one yearTidal volume

6-8 ml/kg initiallyIncreasing to 10-15 ml/kg by 1 year

BLOOD PRESSURE

Average systolic blood pressure increases from70 at birth to 90 at 1 year

TEMPERATURE RANGE

98 to 100 degrees Fahrenheit is thethermoneutral range

WEIGHT

Normally 3.0-3.5 kg 9 (7-8 pounds)at birthNormally drops 5 to 10 percent in the first week

of lifeInfants head equal to 25 percent of the total

body weight

PULMONARY SYSTEM

Airways, shorter, narrower, less stable, more easily obstructed

Infants primarily nose breathers until four weeksLung tissue is fragile and prone to trauma from

pressureFewer alveoli with decreased collateral ventilation

PULMONARY SYSTEM

Accessory muscles immature, susceptible to early fatigue

Chest wall less rigidDiaphragmatic breathingRapid respiratory rates lead to rapid heat, and

fluid loss

IMMUNE SYSTEM

Passive immunity retained through the first six months of life

Based on maternal antibodies

NERVOUS SYSTEM

Strong, coordinated suck and gagWell flexed extremitiesExtremities move equally when infant is stimulatedReflexes

FONTANELLES

Posterior fontanelle closes at three months

Anterior fontanelle closes between 9 and 18 months

Fontanelles may provide an indirect estimate of hydration

GROWTH & DEVELOPMENTOVER THE FIRST YEAR

Two monthsTracks objects with eyesRecognizes familiar faces

Six monthsSits upright in a highchairMakes one syllable sounds (e.g., ma, mu, da, di)

12 monthsWalks with helpKnows own name

PSYCHOSOCIAL DEVELOPMENT

CryingBasic cryAnger cryPain cry

Situational crisis – parental separation reactionsProtestDespairWithdrawal

TODDLER & PRE-SCHOOL

Toddler 12-36 months oldPre-School 3-5 years old

SCHOOL AGE CHILDREN

6-12 years old

VITAL SIGNS

Normal heart rate is between 70 and 110 beats per minute

Normal respiratory rate is between 20 and 30 breaths per minute

Normal systolic blood pressure is between 80 and 120 mmHg

Normal temperature is 98.6 degrees Fahrenheit

ADOLESCENCE

13-18 years old

DEVELOPING IDENTITY

Peer pressure increasesInterest in the opposite sex increasesWant to be treated like adultsAnti-social behavior peaks around eighth or ninth gradeBody image of great concern

Continual comparison amongst peersEating disorders are common

EARLY ADULTHOOD

20-40 years old

VITAL SIGNS

Heart rate—average 70 beats per minuteRespiratory rate—average 16 to 20 breaths per

minutesBlood pressure—average 120/80 mmHgTemperature—98.6 degrees Fahrenheit

LATE ADULTHOOD

61 years & older

VITAL SIGNS

Heart rate—depends on patient’s physical and health status

Respiratory rate—depends on patient’s physical and health status

Blood pressure—depends on patient’s physical and health status

Temperature—98.6 degrees Fahrenheit

RENAL SYSTEM

50 percent of nephrons (kidney structure) lostAbnormal glomeruli (blood capillaries in the

kidneys) more commonDecreased elimination

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