PREVENTION OF CORRUPTION

CIVIL SOCIETY INITIATIVES

Dr. Samuel Paul

Public Affairs Centre

Bangalore, India

ADB Regional Seminar on Good Practices

Macau, China

March 25-26, 2009

Corruption Prevention

Major Barriers

Elite capture and collusion in

Government

Government failure to inform citizens

Failure to enact needed laws

Systemic flaws in politics

Civil society’s weaknesses

Current Initiatives

Empowerment through information

Citizen Report Cards (CRC) on

public services

E- Governance

CITIZEN REPORT CARD (CRC)

Based on citizen feedback on public

services

Can provide information on

corruption

A tool to demand public

accountability

How Citizen Feedback Helps

Leaders and Citizens

A quick assessment of services

Positive and negative aspects

Identifies areas of improvement

New, useful information for

leaders

What Are the Steps in this

Exercise?

Focus group discussion to gauge

concerns

Design of structured questionnaire

Systematic survey of users of services

Analysis of data and interpretation of

findings

Discussion with stakeholders as basis

of action

Bangalore CRC - Key City

Agencies

1. BMP Municipal Corporation

2. BESCOM Electricity

3. BWSSB Water Supply Board

4. BDA Land Development Authority

5. BMTC Metropolitan Transport

Corporation

6. Bangalore Police

7. BSNL Telecom Department

8. Government Hospitals

Problem Incidence

Problem Incidence across Report CardsGeneral Households

1629 31 39

27 2031

12

66

16 519 20

8 7 13 315

020406080

100

BM

P

BE

SC

OM

BW

SS

B

PO

LIC

E

BM

TC

GO

V.

HO

SP

ITA

LS

RT

O

BS

NL

BD

A

agency

% i

nc

ide

nc

e

1999 2003

The “Corruption” Phenomenon

All Agencies (average)

18

23

11

0

5

10

15

20

25

1994 1999 2003

year

pe

rce

nta

ge w

ho

pa

id

Overall Satisfaction

Overall Satisfaction across Three Report Cards

5 6 49

25

1

14

4147

42

67

34 34

16

32 32

73

94

73

92

7378

85

96

77

n/a n/a0

20

40

60

80

100

% s

atisfie

d

1994 1999 2003

An Audit of Delhi’s Public

Services

A Chief Minister’s Initiative

Civil Society Partnership

From Audit to Reform

Complete Satisfaction &

Dissatisfaction

50

5

40

8

38

19

31

17

2927 27

30

25

66

18

36

17

43

0

10

20

30

40

50

60

70P

erc

en

tage

Health -

Outpatients

Education

MLO

Health -

Inpatients

DTC

Certific

ates

Water Tankers

Registra

tion

PDS

Completely Satisfied Dissatisfied

Have Services Improved Over

the Last 2 Years?

63.463.4

58.5

56

45.6

36.632.7

27.721.9

0

10

20

30

40

50

60

70

Health -

Outpatients

Education

MLODTC

Health -

Inpatients

Certific

ates

Registra

tion

Water Tankers PDS

Improved Over time

How Do Services Measure Up?

0

10

20

30

40

50

60

70

80

90

Percentage

Water

Supplied

Through

Tankers

OPD

Servives

IPD Services Education DTC PDS MLO Registration Certificates

Services

How Services Measure up?

Access

Reliability

Transparency and Responsiveness

Complete Satisfaction

Public Dissemination & Internal

Reforms

Findings from the survey discussed with all

public service agency leaders

A high level committee set up to ensure

follow up actions

Survey findings widely disseminated

through print and visual media

Each service provider given the mandate

to develop specific reform measures

How the Process Works

CRCs

Dissemination

Dialogue

Introspection

Adoption