prevention and control of breast cancer

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Prevention and Control of Breast Cancer

Dr Rajkumar PatilAsstt.Prof.,Community MedicineAVMCH,Pondicherry


Epidemiology of Breast cancer

• Global Incidence: 9 lac/yr ; deaths:3.5 lac/yr (approx)• In females:

Commonest in Developed countries

2nd common in India

Risk FactorsAge: • 35- 50 yr • Mean age of occurrence in India:42 yr,

in developed countries:53 yr• Bimodal trend: dip at 45,increase after 65


• Family history of Breast cancer

• Parity: elderly primigravida, nullipara

• Early menarche & late menopause

• Hormonal: Elevated estrogen & progesterone

levels, OCP intake(before 25 yrs)

• Marital status: Unmarried

• Higher SES: Delayed age of marriage

• Prior breast biopsy & radiation


Prevention and control of Breast cancer

Primary prevention • Maintain a healthy weight• Regular physical activity • Average age at menarche can be increased by:Reduced fat intake before menarcheStrenuous exercise to inhibit ovulation

Secondary prevention • Early detection by Screening• Treatment


Screening for breast cancer

• Breast self examination(BSE)• Examination by physician• Thermography• Mammography


American Cancer Society Recommendations

• Mammogram– Yearly for women over 40 years of age

• Clinical breast exam– Performed by a doctor– Every 3 years for women 20 to 39– Yearly for women over 40 years of age

• Breast self-exam (BSE)– Monthly


Breast Self-Exam (BSE)

When to do BSE?• Before menopause– 2-3 days after menstrual period

• After menopause - Pick the same day every month


Breast Self-Exam

• Feel gently for any lumps or changes under the skin by fingers

In the Shower


Breast Self-Exam(BSE)

• Place arms at sides & clasp behind your head Look for:

– unusual discharge– dimpling – changes in skin texture– changes in shape

• Squeeze both nipples and look for discharge

Before a Mirror


Breast Self-Exam

Lying Down

Lie flat on your back

Move fingers in an up & down pattern

Rest your arm on a firm surface


Abnormal Breast Changes

Notify your

Doctor

Lump in the breast

Changes in breast size or shape

Nipple dischargeor tenderness

Changes in theskin of the breast


The lump is more likely to be cancerous if :

• It is hard and is not discrete• It is fixed in the breast; it does not move • The overlying skin show–dimpling–peau d'orange–nipple retraction

Breast Self Examination


Mammography

• X-ray of the breast to detect breast cancer• Can detect a breast lump before it can

be felt• Mammograms reduce the risk of dying from breast cancer


Disadvantages of Mammography

• Exposure to radiation (500 milliroentgen)

• Mammography does not find all cancersSensitivity is 83-97%, depending on age

• Mammography has a relatively high false positive rate (5-10 cases per case detected)

• Mammography requires skilled manpower


Thank You…

prevention and control of breast cancer

Health & Medicine