Preventing Drug AbusePreventing Drug Abuse

Chapter 21Chapter 21

Legal and Illegal DrugsLegal and Illegal Drugs

Drug use is part of life in the United StatesDrug use is part of life in the United StatesAt one point in our lives all of us have At one point in our lives all of us have

taken some sort of prescription or taken some sort of prescription or nonprescription drug nonprescription drug

What is the difference between the two?What is the difference between the two?Prescription drugs must be obtained Prescription drugs must be obtained

through a written prescription from a through a written prescription from a physician and can be purchased only at a physician and can be purchased only at a pharmacypharmacy

Legal and Illegal DrugsLegal and Illegal Drugs

OVER THE COUNTER DRUGS are purchased OVER THE COUNTER DRUGS are purchased legally in pharmacies and other stores that sell legally in pharmacies and other stores that sell medicine without a prescriptionmedicine without a prescription

These include pain relievers such as aspirin, These include pain relievers such as aspirin, sleep aides, cold and cough medicine etc.sleep aides, cold and cough medicine etc.

*** Prescription and over the counter drugs are *** Prescription and over the counter drugs are legal HOWEVER illegal drugs are chemicals that legal HOWEVER illegal drugs are chemicals that are unlawful because they are dangerous and are unlawful because they are dangerous and often unpredictable effects outweigh and useful often unpredictable effects outweigh and useful purposes the drug may havepurposes the drug may have

This is the improper use of drugsThis is the improper use of drugsCan prescription drugs or over the counter Can prescription drugs or over the counter

be misused?be misused?How??????How??????Drug abuse occurs when people Drug abuse occurs when people

intentionally misuse any kinds of drugs for intentionally misuse any kinds of drugs for non-medical purposes.non-medical purposes.

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Drug MisusesDrug Misuses

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Celebrity Prescription Celebrity Prescription OverdosesOverdoses

Marilyn Monroe -Sleeping Marilyn Monroe -Sleeping MedicationMedication

Elvis Presley – Sleep AidesElvis Presley – Sleep Aides

Anna Nicole Smith – Anti Anna Nicole Smith – Anti Depressant and Sleep AidesDepressant and Sleep Aides

Heath Ledger – Pain killers & Heath Ledger – Pain killers & Anti- Anxiety MedicationAnti- Anxiety Medication

Chris Penn – antihistamine & pain Chris Penn – antihistamine & pain killerskillers

Psychoactive DrugsPsychoactive Drugs

These are chemicals that affect the activity These are chemicals that affect the activity of brain cells to alter perception, thought, of brain cells to alter perception, thought, and moodand mood

These include stimulants, depressants, These include stimulants, depressants, hallucinogens, inhalants, alcohol, and hallucinogens, inhalants, alcohol, and chemicals found in marijuanachemicals found in marijuana

* these are also called mood altering drugs* these are also called mood altering drugsSome of these drugs have a positive Some of these drugs have a positive

medical benefit when used correctlymedical benefit when used correctly

Side EffectsSide Effects

What a drug does to your body is called What a drug does to your body is called DRUG’S ACTIONDRUG’S ACTION

What you feel or the physical and mental What you feel or the physical and mental response to the drug’s action is known as response to the drug’s action is known as the DRUG’S EFFECTthe DRUG’S EFFECT

The drug’s effect is what makes you feel The drug’s effect is what makes you feel better when it comes to controlled better when it comes to controlled substancesubstance

Side EffectsSide Effects

SIDE EFFECTS are unwanted, even SIDE EFFECTS are unwanted, even dangerous, physical and mental effects dangerous, physical and mental effects caused by a drug, such as nauseam caused by a drug, such as nauseam dizziness, or drowsinessdizziness, or drowsiness

Side effects can occur with any drugsSide effects can occur with any drugsWhen a drug is repeated used, the body When a drug is repeated used, the body

may develop a resistance or tolerance to may develop a resistance or tolerance to the drugthe drug

Side EffectsSide Effects

TOLERANCE causes a user to need TOLERANCE causes a user to need increasingly larger amount of the drug t increasingly larger amount of the drug t achieve the desired effect.achieve the desired effect.

OVERDOSE is a serious reaction to an OVERDOSE is a serious reaction to an excessive amount of a drug.excessive amount of a drug.

Commonly Abused DrugsCommonly Abused Drugs

DepressantsDepressants

These are psychoactive drugs that slow These are psychoactive drugs that slow down brain and body reactionsdown brain and body reactions

They slow down heart rates, breathing They slow down heart rates, breathing rates, blood pressure, relax muscles and rates, blood pressure, relax muscles and relieve tensionrelieve tension

Sedatives, anti-anxiety and narcotics are Sedatives, anti-anxiety and narcotics are types of depressantstypes of depressants

Sedatives and Anti-Anxiety DrugsSedatives and Anti-Anxiety Drugs

SEDATIVES are depressants that relax a SEDATIVES are depressants that relax a person and induce sleepperson and induce sleep

A BARBITURATE is a type of sedative A BARBITURATE is a type of sedative ( relax a person) in small doses, in high ( relax a person) in small doses, in high doses they induce sleepdoses they induce sleep

Some barbiturates are used to treat those Some barbiturates are used to treat those who suffer from seizureswho suffer from seizures

BarbiturateBarbiturate

Are incredibly addictiveAre incredibly addictiveAbusers usually develop a tolerance very Abusers usually develop a tolerance very

quicklyquicklyBarbiturate abusers do everything slowly, Barbiturate abusers do everything slowly,

walk, slur speech, and even react slowly to walk, slur speech, and even react slowly to their environmenttheir environment

Anti-Anxiety DrugsAnti-Anxiety Drugs

Are also known as tranquilizersAre also known as tranquilizersThey slow down nerve activity, lower They slow down nerve activity, lower

alertness, relax muscle tensionalertness, relax muscle tensionExamples: lexapro, xanax, prozac, Examples: lexapro, xanax, prozac,

cymbalta, paxil, klonopin, valium, zoloftcymbalta, paxil, klonopin, valium, zoloft

NarcoticsNarcotics

NarcoticsNarcotics

A NARCOTIC is an addictive drug that A NARCOTIC is an addictive drug that alters mood and behavior, reduces pain, alters mood and behavior, reduces pain, and induces sleep and stuporand induces sleep and stupor

This is chemically similar to opiumThis is chemically similar to opiumOPIUM is a drug from the seed of a poppy OPIUM is a drug from the seed of a poppy

plantplant * Morphine and codeine ( pain killers) are * Morphine and codeine ( pain killers) are

natural compounds that are contained in natural compounds that are contained in opiumopium

HeroinHeroin

Is one of the most frequently abused Is one of the most frequently abused narcotics in the United Statesnarcotics in the United States

This is usually injected and is created from This is usually injected and is created from morphine in a labmorphine in a lab

Users usually ignore pain and fear and Users usually ignore pain and fear and seemed to be dazedseemed to be dazed

Addiction begins after only a few usesAddiction begins after only a few uses withdrawal symptoms include sweating, withdrawal symptoms include sweating,

shaking, chills, nausea, and crampsshaking, chills, nausea, and cramps

HeroinHeroin

Heroin addicts are at risk for overdose, Heroin addicts are at risk for overdose, HIV/AIDS, hepatitis B, depression, comaHIV/AIDS, hepatitis B, depression, coma

Dealings “ cut” or dilute heroin with Dealings “ cut” or dilute heroin with additives, such as laxatives, sugar and additives, such as laxatives, sugar and even rat poison!even rat poison!

StimulantsStimulants

These are drugs that speed up the These are drugs that speed up the activities of the central nervous systemactivities of the central nervous system

They increase heart rates, blood pressure They increase heart rates, blood pressure and breathingand breathing

Amphetamines and cocaine are both Amphetamines and cocaine are both stimulantsstimulants

AmphetaminesAmphetamines

These are artificially made stimulantsThese are artificially made stimulants It is a prescription drug that are often sold It is a prescription drug that are often sold

illegallyillegally It gives feeling of well being and high It gives feeling of well being and high

energy, once the effects wear off the user energy, once the effects wear off the user is left feeling depressedis left feeling depressed

this causes the user to take more and this causes the user to take more and begins the vicious cycle of abusebegins the vicious cycle of abuse

CocaineCocaine

Short acting stimulant that affects the Short acting stimulant that affects the nervous systemnervous system

This is often sniffed into the user’s nose or This is often sniffed into the user’s nose or injected in blood streaminjected in blood stream

Cocaine is highly addictiveCocaine is highly addictiveUser’s “ crash” when they come down User’s “ crash” when they come down

from the drug meaning they get depressedfrom the drug meaning they get depressedCocaine can induce seizure, heart failure Cocaine can induce seizure, heart failure

and respiratory failureand respiratory failure

CrackCrack

Crack is when individuals’ “ free base” Crack is when individuals’ “ free base” cocainecocaine

This is burning the substance and inhaling This is burning the substance and inhaling the fumesthe fumes

Because this is so potent it has SHORT Because this is so potent it has SHORT but powerful effects ( these effects occur but powerful effects ( these effects occur within 8 seconds of being smoked)within 8 seconds of being smoked)

HallucinogensHallucinogens

Psychoactive drugs that alter perception, Psychoactive drugs that alter perception, thought, and moodthought, and mood

They are illegal and have no medical useThey are illegal and have no medical use

LSDLSD

Strongest known hallucinogen known as Strongest known hallucinogen known as lysergic acid diethylamidelysergic acid diethylamide

Their effects are unpredictable, they can Their effects are unpredictable, they can either stimulate or depress the central either stimulate or depress the central nervous systemnervous system

LSD can lead to frightening episodes of “ LSD can lead to frightening episodes of “ bad trips”, users become so frightened bad trips”, users become so frightened they fear they are in real dangerthey fear they are in real danger