Preventative Health Program for Horses

VaccinationsCTVT pages 228-236

LACP 314-316

Overview

General overviewbull Historybull Physical examinationbull Why vaccinatebull How do I vaccinatebull What diseases

should I vaccinate for

bull When should I vaccinate

Physical Examination

bull New additions to a stable or established herd should be Cogginsrsquo test-negative for EIA and quarantined for 1 month before introducing them into general population

bull Physical Examination TPR weight eyes dental musculoskeletal system and skin should be examined

bull You must always obtain a history in conjunction with your exam on the horse

Why Vaccinate

bull Critical component of a horse health maintenance program

bull Primes the immune system for a quick response when exposed to infection

bull Prevent life-threatening diseasesbull Minimize or eliminate contagious

diseases that affect performance or herd health

Why Vaccinate

Prevent some FATAL diseasesbull Rabiesbull Tetanusbull Encephalomyelitis (EEEWEEVEE)bull WNV

How vaccines work

bull Passive Immunization

How vaccines work

bull Active Immunization

How vaccines work

bull Passive Immunizationndash Brief period of

protectionndash Antibody absorption

one time only

bull Active Immunizationndash Prolonged period of

protectionndash Boosting of protective

response by additional exposure

Vaccination can NOT guarantee disease prevention in all cases

bull Vaccination should be used in conjunction with good nutrition deworming pasture management and minimizing stress in your herd

How

bull Most vaccines are given IM (in muscle)

bull Some are available togive IN (intranasal)1048708 Influenza1048708 Strangles

Horses that are immunologically naiumlve or haveAn unknown immunization history should

Receive an initial immunizationFollowed in 4 weeks by a second

Immunization

Technician Note

Vaccine Reactions

bull Anaphylactoid reactions allergic reactions

bull Feverbull Lamenessbull Swelling or

abscess formation at the injection site

What should I vaccinate for

ALL HORSESbull Tetanusbull Encephalomyelitisbull West Nile Virusbull Rabies

MOSTPERFORMANCEbull Influenzabull Equine Herpesvirus

SOMEbull Stranglesbull Potomac Horse Feverbull Botulismbull Rotavirus

Tetanus Vaccines

bull Caused by Clostridium tetanibull The toxoid version of this vaccine is

given to immunize horses against a disease characterized by muscle rigidity and spasms that may result in respiratory arrest and convulsions

bull Administration of antitoxin to unvaccinated horses induces immediate protection that lasts approximately 2 weeks

Tetanus

bull Caused by bacteria found in soil and ingested by horses or enters a wound

bull Called ldquolockjawrdquo because it especially effects the muscles of the neck and jaw

bull Present in intestine manure and soilbull Spores can exist for years in soilbull Spores enter through wounds

lacerations umbilicus

Clinical Signs of Tetanus

bull Muscle stiffnessbull Sawhorse stancebull Third eyelid prolapsebull Lockjawbull Flaring nostrilsbull Hypersensitive to touch

Stiff legged gait The muscle of the legs become Rigid and stiff that the horse may fall and notBe able to get up again Convulsions may Occur and death is caused by paralysis

The breathing muscles

Tetanus

bull Not contagiousbull Mortality rate is highbull All horses should be

vaccinated annuallybull Tetanus toxoid vaccine is

safe and provides good protection

bull Tetanus antitoxin is for previously unvaccinated horses

When to vaccinate - Tetanus

bull Not typically seasonal vaccinate any time of year

bull Most horses in spring in combination with EEEWEE

bull Boost if wound or surgery gt6 months from last dose

Equine Encephalomyelitis Vaccinebull EEE=Eastern Equine Encephalomyelitisbull WEE=Western Equine Encephalomyelitisbull VEE=Venezuelanbull Often referred to as ldquosleeping sicknessrdquobull This vaccine protects against a viral

neurologic disease transmitted by biting insects

bull In areas where winter freezes are uncommon semiannual vaccination may be advisable

EEE is a mosquito spread disease of birds that Sometimes is transmitted via a mosquito bite

To horses and people

Encephalomyelitis

bull WEE seen throughout North America

bull EEE seen mostly in the East and Southeast prevalent in Texas

bull VEE not in US for many years ndash reportable foreign disease

Clinical Signs of Encephalomyelitis

bull Result from inflammation of the brain andor spinal cord

bull Feverbull Depressionbull Staggering gait (ataxia)bull Paralysisbull Seizures

Abnormal Mentation

Abnormal Gait - Ataxia

Encephalomyelitis

bull EEEVEE ndash mortality rate 70-90 die

bull WEE ndash mortality rate about 50

bull Vaccination is safe and generally very effective against these diseases

When to Vaccinate ndash EEEWEE

bull ALL horses should be vaccinated annually in the spring prior to mosquito season

bull In Texas recommend boosting every 6 months for EEEWEE

bull Foals should receive first dose at 3-4 months of age and 2 additional doses one month apart

ENCEVACtrade Line of Equine Vaccines

bull For vaccination of healthy horses against Eastern and Western Equine Encephalomyelitis (Sleeping Sickness) Encevactrade is a formaldehyde inactivated adjuvanted bivalent equine vaccine consisting of Eastern and Western Equine Encephalomyelitis viruses

West Nile Vaccine

bull Another mosquito transmitted virusbull Humans and horses are dead-end

hostsbull Spread by mosquitoes-Culicoides spp

and some birdsbull Prevalent throughout the USbull Causes inflammation of the brain an

spinal cordbull Not contagious from horse to horse

Clinical Signs of West Nile Virus

Can varybull Feverbull Muscle tremorsbull Incoordination

ataxiabull Hypersensitivebull Facial nerve or other

paralysis

West Nile Virus

bull Mortality rate about 33

bull Associated with inability to stand prolonged recumbency

When to Vaccinate - WNV

bull Several vaccines available-Fort Dodge West Nile Innovator ndash killed-Merialrsquos RecombiTek ndash recombinant vaccine-Intervetrsquos PreveNile ndash modified live chimera vaccine

bull Annual vaccination recommendedbull In Texas and states with larger

mosquito populations may boost every 4-6 months

Equine Rhinopneumonitis Vaccine (herpes 1)

bull Pregnant mares should be vaccinated with this vaccine in the 5th 7th and 9th months of gestation to prevent a viral disease whose strains can cause upper respiratory disease abortions stillbirths and weak neonatal foals that fail to survive

Equine Influenza Vaccine

bull The duration of protective immunity from this vaccine is short-lived requiring vaccination every 2 to 3 months during periods of exposure

bull Disease outbreaks usually occur in horses 1 to 3 yrs of age after mixing with infected horses at the racetrack or showgrounds

Equine Influenza

bull Incubation period 1-3 daysbull High fever (1-5 days)bull Young horses are at riskbull Spread by aerosolized droplets

infected fomites ndash highly contagious

Equine Influenza ndash Clinical Signs

bull Cough (several weeks) and feverbull Lethargy depression reduced

appetite muscle sorenessbull Nasal dischargebull Most horses recover in 10-14 days

with supportive care

bullFLU AVERTreg Intra-nasal spray vaccine for Equine Influenza

bullIntranasal vaccine every 6 monthsbullIntramuscular vaccine every 4 monthsbullStart foals at 9 months of age

When to Vaccinate - Influenza

Strangles Vaccine

bull Respiratory disease caused by infection with Streptococcus equi

bull Spread by mucous or contaminated fomites What are fomites

bull Intranasal and IM vaccinesbull Vaccination not 100 effective but can

lessen the severity of incidencebull 2 Types Atypically (transient-cold like)

and Bastard (spread of infection to the organs)

Strangles Streptococcus equi spp equibull Transmission Ingestion or

inhalation of infected discharge

bull Horse-horse contact or fomites

bull Highly contagiousbull High morbidity low

mortalitybull Incubation period 3-5

days

Strangles ndash Clinical Signs

bull Cough fever lymph node enlargement

bull Respiratory distress due to retropharyngeal lymph node enlargement

bull Complications-Purpura-Metastatic (ldquoBastardrdquo) strangles

Vaccination for Strangles

bull Previously affected farms

bull May lessen disease severity

bull Vaccine reactions-Purpura-Abscesses if IM vaccines become contaminated

bull Annual boosterbull Intranasal vaccine

Equine Viral Arteritis

bull Vaccine induces partial to complete protection against the clinical signs of disease but if virus challenged the virus can replicate in the animals body

bull Clinical signs fever depression nasal discharge lacrimation coughing and limb swelling

Potomac Horse Fever Vaccine

bull It is believed that aquatic insects are the vectors ticks snails

bull Efficacy of the vaccine is unknownbull Prevalent in the eastern states

near large waterwaysbull Use of this vaccine is usually in

areas where it is a problem

Botulism Vaccine

bull Usually given to mares 30 days prior to foaling for the prevention of shaker foal syndrome

bull Given in areas of high incidence geographically

Botulism Clostridium botulinum

bull Causes flaccid paralysisbull Endemic in KYbull 2 Forms

1048708 Shaker foal syndrome1048708 Forage poisoning

bull Vaccinate for type B usually in broodmares

Anthrax Vaccine

bull Anthrax vaccines are available for use but are not widely used except where a genuine risk is identified

Rabies Vaccine

bull 100 FATAL in all casesbull Virus affecting the nervous systembull Vaccinate horses where wildlife

(skunks foxes raccoons bats) rabies is endemic in the Houston area

bull Spinalcord or brainstem signsbull Very very commonly vaccinated for

here in Texas

Clinical Signs of Rabies

bull Can look like anything

bull Behavioral changes blindness

bull Ataxia and incoordination

bull Feverbull Hypersalivationbull Paralysisbull Colic

Rabies

bull The rabies virus is killed by most disinfectants Only lives in dried saliva or carcass for 24 hours But it can live for days in refrigerated carcasses

When to vaccinate - Rabies

bull Incubation period 2-9 weeksbull Death in 3-5 days once signs

developbull Vaccinate once a yearbull Vaccine is safe and effective

EquiRab a rabies vaccine designed specifically for horses

Rotavirus

bull Most common cause of infectious diarrhea in foals

bull Clinical Signs- profuse watery diarrhea fever lethargy

bull Highly contagious

Rotavirus Vaccination

bull Prevention- vaccination of pregnant mares 30 days before foaling in endemic herds may confer modest protection

Vaccine Pleasure

orShow

Pregnant Mare

Pasture Horse

Boarding Facility

Weanling (gt 6 mo)

Frequency

EEEWEE X X X X X Annual

West Nile Virus

X X X X X MaySept

Rabies X X X X X Annual

Tetanus X X X X X Annual

Herpes (Rhino)

X X X +- Q 6 months

Influenza X X X +- Q 6 months

Strangles X X X +- Annual

PHF +- +- +- +- +- AprilJune

EPM

Botulism Atlantic states

Comments

High rate of

exposure

Maternal Antibodies in last 30 days of

pregnancy

Protect from non-

equine vectors

High rate of exposure

Management Practices

bull Quarantine and monitoring of new horses

bull Isolation facility and protocol

bull Requirements prior to introduction of new horse

bull Separation of groups of horses according to use susceptibility to infection

Management Practices

bull Vector controlbull Management of

sick horsesbull Keep good

records

Questions

Overview

General overviewbull Historybull Physical examinationbull Why vaccinatebull How do I vaccinatebull What diseases

should I vaccinate for

bull When should I vaccinate

Physical Examination

bull New additions to a stable or established herd should be Cogginsrsquo test-negative for EIA and quarantined for 1 month before introducing them into general population

bull Physical Examination TPR weight eyes dental musculoskeletal system and skin should be examined

bull You must always obtain a history in conjunction with your exam on the horse

Why Vaccinate

bull Critical component of a horse health maintenance program

bull Primes the immune system for a quick response when exposed to infection

bull Prevent life-threatening diseasesbull Minimize or eliminate contagious

diseases that affect performance or herd health

Why Vaccinate

Prevent some FATAL diseasesbull Rabiesbull Tetanusbull Encephalomyelitis (EEEWEEVEE)bull WNV

How vaccines work

bull Passive Immunization

How vaccines work

bull Active Immunization

How vaccines work

bull Passive Immunizationndash Brief period of

protectionndash Antibody absorption

one time only

bull Active Immunizationndash Prolonged period of

protectionndash Boosting of protective

response by additional exposure

Vaccination can NOT guarantee disease prevention in all cases

bull Vaccination should be used in conjunction with good nutrition deworming pasture management and minimizing stress in your herd

How

bull Most vaccines are given IM (in muscle)

bull Some are available togive IN (intranasal)1048708 Influenza1048708 Strangles

Horses that are immunologically naiumlve or haveAn unknown immunization history should

Receive an initial immunizationFollowed in 4 weeks by a second

Immunization

Technician Note

Vaccine Reactions

bull Anaphylactoid reactions allergic reactions

bull Feverbull Lamenessbull Swelling or

abscess formation at the injection site

What should I vaccinate for

ALL HORSESbull Tetanusbull Encephalomyelitisbull West Nile Virusbull Rabies

MOSTPERFORMANCEbull Influenzabull Equine Herpesvirus

SOMEbull Stranglesbull Potomac Horse Feverbull Botulismbull Rotavirus

Tetanus Vaccines

bull Caused by Clostridium tetanibull The toxoid version of this vaccine is

given to immunize horses against a disease characterized by muscle rigidity and spasms that may result in respiratory arrest and convulsions

bull Administration of antitoxin to unvaccinated horses induces immediate protection that lasts approximately 2 weeks

Tetanus

bull Caused by bacteria found in soil and ingested by horses or enters a wound

bull Called ldquolockjawrdquo because it especially effects the muscles of the neck and jaw

bull Present in intestine manure and soilbull Spores can exist for years in soilbull Spores enter through wounds

lacerations umbilicus

Clinical Signs of Tetanus

bull Muscle stiffnessbull Sawhorse stancebull Third eyelid prolapsebull Lockjawbull Flaring nostrilsbull Hypersensitive to touch

Stiff legged gait The muscle of the legs become Rigid and stiff that the horse may fall and notBe able to get up again Convulsions may Occur and death is caused by paralysis

The breathing muscles

Tetanus

bull Not contagiousbull Mortality rate is highbull All horses should be

vaccinated annuallybull Tetanus toxoid vaccine is

safe and provides good protection

bull Tetanus antitoxin is for previously unvaccinated horses

When to vaccinate - Tetanus

bull Not typically seasonal vaccinate any time of year

bull Most horses in spring in combination with EEEWEE

bull Boost if wound or surgery gt6 months from last dose

Equine Encephalomyelitis Vaccinebull EEE=Eastern Equine Encephalomyelitisbull WEE=Western Equine Encephalomyelitisbull VEE=Venezuelanbull Often referred to as ldquosleeping sicknessrdquobull This vaccine protects against a viral

neurologic disease transmitted by biting insects

bull In areas where winter freezes are uncommon semiannual vaccination may be advisable

EEE is a mosquito spread disease of birds that Sometimes is transmitted via a mosquito bite

To horses and people

Encephalomyelitis

bull WEE seen throughout North America

bull EEE seen mostly in the East and Southeast prevalent in Texas

bull VEE not in US for many years ndash reportable foreign disease

Clinical Signs of Encephalomyelitis

bull Result from inflammation of the brain andor spinal cord

bull Feverbull Depressionbull Staggering gait (ataxia)bull Paralysisbull Seizures

Abnormal Mentation

Abnormal Gait - Ataxia

Encephalomyelitis

bull EEEVEE ndash mortality rate 70-90 die

bull WEE ndash mortality rate about 50

bull Vaccination is safe and generally very effective against these diseases

When to Vaccinate ndash EEEWEE

bull ALL horses should be vaccinated annually in the spring prior to mosquito season

bull In Texas recommend boosting every 6 months for EEEWEE

bull Foals should receive first dose at 3-4 months of age and 2 additional doses one month apart

ENCEVACtrade Line of Equine Vaccines

bull For vaccination of healthy horses against Eastern and Western Equine Encephalomyelitis (Sleeping Sickness) Encevactrade is a formaldehyde inactivated adjuvanted bivalent equine vaccine consisting of Eastern and Western Equine Encephalomyelitis viruses

West Nile Vaccine

bull Another mosquito transmitted virusbull Humans and horses are dead-end

hostsbull Spread by mosquitoes-Culicoides spp

and some birdsbull Prevalent throughout the USbull Causes inflammation of the brain an

spinal cordbull Not contagious from horse to horse

Clinical Signs of West Nile Virus

Can varybull Feverbull Muscle tremorsbull Incoordination

ataxiabull Hypersensitivebull Facial nerve or other

paralysis

West Nile Virus

bull Mortality rate about 33

bull Associated with inability to stand prolonged recumbency

When to Vaccinate - WNV

bull Several vaccines available-Fort Dodge West Nile Innovator ndash killed-Merialrsquos RecombiTek ndash recombinant vaccine-Intervetrsquos PreveNile ndash modified live chimera vaccine

bull Annual vaccination recommendedbull In Texas and states with larger

mosquito populations may boost every 4-6 months

Equine Rhinopneumonitis Vaccine (herpes 1)

bull Pregnant mares should be vaccinated with this vaccine in the 5th 7th and 9th months of gestation to prevent a viral disease whose strains can cause upper respiratory disease abortions stillbirths and weak neonatal foals that fail to survive

Equine Influenza Vaccine

bull The duration of protective immunity from this vaccine is short-lived requiring vaccination every 2 to 3 months during periods of exposure

bull Disease outbreaks usually occur in horses 1 to 3 yrs of age after mixing with infected horses at the racetrack or showgrounds

Equine Influenza

bull Incubation period 1-3 daysbull High fever (1-5 days)bull Young horses are at riskbull Spread by aerosolized droplets

infected fomites ndash highly contagious

Equine Influenza ndash Clinical Signs

bull Cough (several weeks) and feverbull Lethargy depression reduced

appetite muscle sorenessbull Nasal dischargebull Most horses recover in 10-14 days

with supportive care

bullFLU AVERTreg Intra-nasal spray vaccine for Equine Influenza

bullIntranasal vaccine every 6 monthsbullIntramuscular vaccine every 4 monthsbullStart foals at 9 months of age

When to Vaccinate - Influenza

Strangles Vaccine

bull Respiratory disease caused by infection with Streptococcus equi

bull Spread by mucous or contaminated fomites What are fomites

bull Intranasal and IM vaccinesbull Vaccination not 100 effective but can

lessen the severity of incidencebull 2 Types Atypically (transient-cold like)

and Bastard (spread of infection to the organs)

Strangles Streptococcus equi spp equibull Transmission Ingestion or

inhalation of infected discharge

bull Horse-horse contact or fomites

bull Highly contagiousbull High morbidity low

mortalitybull Incubation period 3-5

days

Strangles ndash Clinical Signs

bull Cough fever lymph node enlargement

bull Respiratory distress due to retropharyngeal lymph node enlargement

bull Complications-Purpura-Metastatic (ldquoBastardrdquo) strangles

Vaccination for Strangles

bull Previously affected farms

bull May lessen disease severity

bull Vaccine reactions-Purpura-Abscesses if IM vaccines become contaminated

bull Annual boosterbull Intranasal vaccine

Equine Viral Arteritis

bull Vaccine induces partial to complete protection against the clinical signs of disease but if virus challenged the virus can replicate in the animals body

bull Clinical signs fever depression nasal discharge lacrimation coughing and limb swelling

Potomac Horse Fever Vaccine

bull It is believed that aquatic insects are the vectors ticks snails

bull Efficacy of the vaccine is unknownbull Prevalent in the eastern states

near large waterwaysbull Use of this vaccine is usually in

areas where it is a problem

Botulism Vaccine

bull Usually given to mares 30 days prior to foaling for the prevention of shaker foal syndrome

bull Given in areas of high incidence geographically

Botulism Clostridium botulinum

bull Causes flaccid paralysisbull Endemic in KYbull 2 Forms

1048708 Shaker foal syndrome1048708 Forage poisoning

bull Vaccinate for type B usually in broodmares

Anthrax Vaccine

bull Anthrax vaccines are available for use but are not widely used except where a genuine risk is identified

Rabies Vaccine

bull 100 FATAL in all casesbull Virus affecting the nervous systembull Vaccinate horses where wildlife

(skunks foxes raccoons bats) rabies is endemic in the Houston area

bull Spinalcord or brainstem signsbull Very very commonly vaccinated for

here in Texas

Clinical Signs of Rabies

bull Can look like anything

bull Behavioral changes blindness

bull Ataxia and incoordination

bull Feverbull Hypersalivationbull Paralysisbull Colic

Rabies

bull The rabies virus is killed by most disinfectants Only lives in dried saliva or carcass for 24 hours But it can live for days in refrigerated carcasses

When to vaccinate - Rabies

bull Incubation period 2-9 weeksbull Death in 3-5 days once signs

developbull Vaccinate once a yearbull Vaccine is safe and effective

EquiRab a rabies vaccine designed specifically for horses

Rotavirus

bull Most common cause of infectious diarrhea in foals

bull Clinical Signs- profuse watery diarrhea fever lethargy

bull Highly contagious

Rotavirus Vaccination

bull Prevention- vaccination of pregnant mares 30 days before foaling in endemic herds may confer modest protection

Vaccine Pleasure

orShow

Pregnant Mare

Pasture Horse

Boarding Facility

Weanling (gt 6 mo)

Frequency

EEEWEE X X X X X Annual

West Nile Virus

X X X X X MaySept

Rabies X X X X X Annual

Tetanus X X X X X Annual

Herpes (Rhino)

X X X +- Q 6 months

Influenza X X X +- Q 6 months

Strangles X X X +- Annual

PHF +- +- +- +- +- AprilJune

EPM

Botulism Atlantic states

Comments

High rate of

exposure

Maternal Antibodies in last 30 days of

pregnancy

Protect from non-

equine vectors

High rate of exposure

Management Practices

bull Quarantine and monitoring of new horses

bull Isolation facility and protocol

bull Requirements prior to introduction of new horse

bull Separation of groups of horses according to use susceptibility to infection

Management Practices

bull Vector controlbull Management of

sick horsesbull Keep good

records

Questions

Physical Examination

bull New additions to a stable or established herd should be Cogginsrsquo test-negative for EIA and quarantined for 1 month before introducing them into general population

bull Physical Examination TPR weight eyes dental musculoskeletal system and skin should be examined

bull You must always obtain a history in conjunction with your exam on the horse

Why Vaccinate

bull Critical component of a horse health maintenance program

bull Primes the immune system for a quick response when exposed to infection

bull Prevent life-threatening diseasesbull Minimize or eliminate contagious

diseases that affect performance or herd health

Why Vaccinate

Prevent some FATAL diseasesbull Rabiesbull Tetanusbull Encephalomyelitis (EEEWEEVEE)bull WNV

How vaccines work

bull Passive Immunization

How vaccines work

bull Active Immunization

How vaccines work

bull Passive Immunizationndash Brief period of

protectionndash Antibody absorption

one time only

bull Active Immunizationndash Prolonged period of

protectionndash Boosting of protective

response by additional exposure

Vaccination can NOT guarantee disease prevention in all cases

bull Vaccination should be used in conjunction with good nutrition deworming pasture management and minimizing stress in your herd

How

bull Most vaccines are given IM (in muscle)

bull Some are available togive IN (intranasal)1048708 Influenza1048708 Strangles

Horses that are immunologically naiumlve or haveAn unknown immunization history should

Receive an initial immunizationFollowed in 4 weeks by a second

Immunization

Technician Note

Vaccine Reactions

bull Anaphylactoid reactions allergic reactions

bull Feverbull Lamenessbull Swelling or

abscess formation at the injection site

What should I vaccinate for

ALL HORSESbull Tetanusbull Encephalomyelitisbull West Nile Virusbull Rabies

MOSTPERFORMANCEbull Influenzabull Equine Herpesvirus

SOMEbull Stranglesbull Potomac Horse Feverbull Botulismbull Rotavirus

Tetanus Vaccines

bull Caused by Clostridium tetanibull The toxoid version of this vaccine is

given to immunize horses against a disease characterized by muscle rigidity and spasms that may result in respiratory arrest and convulsions

bull Administration of antitoxin to unvaccinated horses induces immediate protection that lasts approximately 2 weeks

Tetanus

bull Caused by bacteria found in soil and ingested by horses or enters a wound

bull Called ldquolockjawrdquo because it especially effects the muscles of the neck and jaw

bull Present in intestine manure and soilbull Spores can exist for years in soilbull Spores enter through wounds

lacerations umbilicus

Clinical Signs of Tetanus

bull Muscle stiffnessbull Sawhorse stancebull Third eyelid prolapsebull Lockjawbull Flaring nostrilsbull Hypersensitive to touch

Stiff legged gait The muscle of the legs become Rigid and stiff that the horse may fall and notBe able to get up again Convulsions may Occur and death is caused by paralysis

The breathing muscles

Tetanus

bull Not contagiousbull Mortality rate is highbull All horses should be

vaccinated annuallybull Tetanus toxoid vaccine is

safe and provides good protection

bull Tetanus antitoxin is for previously unvaccinated horses

When to vaccinate - Tetanus

bull Not typically seasonal vaccinate any time of year

bull Most horses in spring in combination with EEEWEE

bull Boost if wound or surgery gt6 months from last dose

Equine Encephalomyelitis Vaccinebull EEE=Eastern Equine Encephalomyelitisbull WEE=Western Equine Encephalomyelitisbull VEE=Venezuelanbull Often referred to as ldquosleeping sicknessrdquobull This vaccine protects against a viral

neurologic disease transmitted by biting insects

bull In areas where winter freezes are uncommon semiannual vaccination may be advisable

EEE is a mosquito spread disease of birds that Sometimes is transmitted via a mosquito bite

To horses and people

Encephalomyelitis

bull WEE seen throughout North America

bull EEE seen mostly in the East and Southeast prevalent in Texas

bull VEE not in US for many years ndash reportable foreign disease

Clinical Signs of Encephalomyelitis

bull Result from inflammation of the brain andor spinal cord

bull Feverbull Depressionbull Staggering gait (ataxia)bull Paralysisbull Seizures

Abnormal Mentation

Abnormal Gait - Ataxia

Encephalomyelitis

bull EEEVEE ndash mortality rate 70-90 die

bull WEE ndash mortality rate about 50

bull Vaccination is safe and generally very effective against these diseases

When to Vaccinate ndash EEEWEE

bull ALL horses should be vaccinated annually in the spring prior to mosquito season

bull In Texas recommend boosting every 6 months for EEEWEE

bull Foals should receive first dose at 3-4 months of age and 2 additional doses one month apart

ENCEVACtrade Line of Equine Vaccines

bull For vaccination of healthy horses against Eastern and Western Equine Encephalomyelitis (Sleeping Sickness) Encevactrade is a formaldehyde inactivated adjuvanted bivalent equine vaccine consisting of Eastern and Western Equine Encephalomyelitis viruses

West Nile Vaccine

bull Another mosquito transmitted virusbull Humans and horses are dead-end

hostsbull Spread by mosquitoes-Culicoides spp

and some birdsbull Prevalent throughout the USbull Causes inflammation of the brain an

spinal cordbull Not contagious from horse to horse

Clinical Signs of West Nile Virus

Can varybull Feverbull Muscle tremorsbull Incoordination

ataxiabull Hypersensitivebull Facial nerve or other

paralysis

West Nile Virus

bull Mortality rate about 33

bull Associated with inability to stand prolonged recumbency

When to Vaccinate - WNV

bull Several vaccines available-Fort Dodge West Nile Innovator ndash killed-Merialrsquos RecombiTek ndash recombinant vaccine-Intervetrsquos PreveNile ndash modified live chimera vaccine

bull Annual vaccination recommendedbull In Texas and states with larger

mosquito populations may boost every 4-6 months

Equine Rhinopneumonitis Vaccine (herpes 1)

bull Pregnant mares should be vaccinated with this vaccine in the 5th 7th and 9th months of gestation to prevent a viral disease whose strains can cause upper respiratory disease abortions stillbirths and weak neonatal foals that fail to survive

Equine Influenza Vaccine

bull The duration of protective immunity from this vaccine is short-lived requiring vaccination every 2 to 3 months during periods of exposure

bull Disease outbreaks usually occur in horses 1 to 3 yrs of age after mixing with infected horses at the racetrack or showgrounds

Equine Influenza

bull Incubation period 1-3 daysbull High fever (1-5 days)bull Young horses are at riskbull Spread by aerosolized droplets

infected fomites ndash highly contagious

Equine Influenza ndash Clinical Signs

bull Cough (several weeks) and feverbull Lethargy depression reduced

appetite muscle sorenessbull Nasal dischargebull Most horses recover in 10-14 days

with supportive care

bullFLU AVERTreg Intra-nasal spray vaccine for Equine Influenza

bullIntranasal vaccine every 6 monthsbullIntramuscular vaccine every 4 monthsbullStart foals at 9 months of age

When to Vaccinate - Influenza

Strangles Vaccine

bull Respiratory disease caused by infection with Streptococcus equi

bull Spread by mucous or contaminated fomites What are fomites

bull Intranasal and IM vaccinesbull Vaccination not 100 effective but can

lessen the severity of incidencebull 2 Types Atypically (transient-cold like)

and Bastard (spread of infection to the organs)

Strangles Streptococcus equi spp equibull Transmission Ingestion or

inhalation of infected discharge

bull Horse-horse contact or fomites

bull Highly contagiousbull High morbidity low

mortalitybull Incubation period 3-5

days

Strangles ndash Clinical Signs

bull Cough fever lymph node enlargement

bull Respiratory distress due to retropharyngeal lymph node enlargement

bull Complications-Purpura-Metastatic (ldquoBastardrdquo) strangles

Vaccination for Strangles

bull Previously affected farms

bull May lessen disease severity

bull Vaccine reactions-Purpura-Abscesses if IM vaccines become contaminated

bull Annual boosterbull Intranasal vaccine

Equine Viral Arteritis

bull Vaccine induces partial to complete protection against the clinical signs of disease but if virus challenged the virus can replicate in the animals body

bull Clinical signs fever depression nasal discharge lacrimation coughing and limb swelling

Potomac Horse Fever Vaccine

bull It is believed that aquatic insects are the vectors ticks snails

bull Efficacy of the vaccine is unknownbull Prevalent in the eastern states

near large waterwaysbull Use of this vaccine is usually in

areas where it is a problem

Botulism Vaccine

bull Usually given to mares 30 days prior to foaling for the prevention of shaker foal syndrome

bull Given in areas of high incidence geographically

Botulism Clostridium botulinum

bull Causes flaccid paralysisbull Endemic in KYbull 2 Forms

1048708 Shaker foal syndrome1048708 Forage poisoning

bull Vaccinate for type B usually in broodmares

Anthrax Vaccine

bull Anthrax vaccines are available for use but are not widely used except where a genuine risk is identified

Rabies Vaccine

bull 100 FATAL in all casesbull Virus affecting the nervous systembull Vaccinate horses where wildlife

(skunks foxes raccoons bats) rabies is endemic in the Houston area

bull Spinalcord or brainstem signsbull Very very commonly vaccinated for

here in Texas

Clinical Signs of Rabies

bull Can look like anything

bull Behavioral changes blindness

bull Ataxia and incoordination

bull Feverbull Hypersalivationbull Paralysisbull Colic

Rabies

bull The rabies virus is killed by most disinfectants Only lives in dried saliva or carcass for 24 hours But it can live for days in refrigerated carcasses

When to vaccinate - Rabies

bull Incubation period 2-9 weeksbull Death in 3-5 days once signs

developbull Vaccinate once a yearbull Vaccine is safe and effective

EquiRab a rabies vaccine designed specifically for horses

Rotavirus

bull Most common cause of infectious diarrhea in foals

bull Clinical Signs- profuse watery diarrhea fever lethargy

bull Highly contagious

Rotavirus Vaccination

bull Prevention- vaccination of pregnant mares 30 days before foaling in endemic herds may confer modest protection

Vaccine Pleasure

orShow

Pregnant Mare

Pasture Horse

Boarding Facility

Weanling (gt 6 mo)

Frequency

EEEWEE X X X X X Annual

West Nile Virus

X X X X X MaySept

Rabies X X X X X Annual

Tetanus X X X X X Annual

Herpes (Rhino)

X X X +- Q 6 months

Influenza X X X +- Q 6 months

Strangles X X X +- Annual

PHF +- +- +- +- +- AprilJune

EPM

Botulism Atlantic states

Comments

High rate of

exposure

Maternal Antibodies in last 30 days of

pregnancy

Protect from non-

equine vectors

High rate of exposure

Management Practices

bull Quarantine and monitoring of new horses

bull Isolation facility and protocol

bull Requirements prior to introduction of new horse

bull Separation of groups of horses according to use susceptibility to infection

Management Practices

bull Vector controlbull Management of

sick horsesbull Keep good

records

Questions

Why Vaccinate

bull Critical component of a horse health maintenance program

bull Primes the immune system for a quick response when exposed to infection

bull Prevent life-threatening diseasesbull Minimize or eliminate contagious

diseases that affect performance or herd health

Why Vaccinate

Prevent some FATAL diseasesbull Rabiesbull Tetanusbull Encephalomyelitis (EEEWEEVEE)bull WNV

How vaccines work

bull Passive Immunization

How vaccines work

bull Active Immunization

How vaccines work

bull Passive Immunizationndash Brief period of

protectionndash Antibody absorption

one time only

bull Active Immunizationndash Prolonged period of

protectionndash Boosting of protective

response by additional exposure

Vaccination can NOT guarantee disease prevention in all cases

bull Vaccination should be used in conjunction with good nutrition deworming pasture management and minimizing stress in your herd

How

bull Most vaccines are given IM (in muscle)

bull Some are available togive IN (intranasal)1048708 Influenza1048708 Strangles

Horses that are immunologically naiumlve or haveAn unknown immunization history should

Receive an initial immunizationFollowed in 4 weeks by a second

Immunization

Technician Note

Vaccine Reactions

bull Anaphylactoid reactions allergic reactions

bull Feverbull Lamenessbull Swelling or

abscess formation at the injection site

What should I vaccinate for

ALL HORSESbull Tetanusbull Encephalomyelitisbull West Nile Virusbull Rabies

MOSTPERFORMANCEbull Influenzabull Equine Herpesvirus

SOMEbull Stranglesbull Potomac Horse Feverbull Botulismbull Rotavirus

Tetanus Vaccines

bull Caused by Clostridium tetanibull The toxoid version of this vaccine is

given to immunize horses against a disease characterized by muscle rigidity and spasms that may result in respiratory arrest and convulsions

bull Administration of antitoxin to unvaccinated horses induces immediate protection that lasts approximately 2 weeks

Tetanus

bull Caused by bacteria found in soil and ingested by horses or enters a wound

bull Called ldquolockjawrdquo because it especially effects the muscles of the neck and jaw

bull Present in intestine manure and soilbull Spores can exist for years in soilbull Spores enter through wounds

lacerations umbilicus

Clinical Signs of Tetanus

bull Muscle stiffnessbull Sawhorse stancebull Third eyelid prolapsebull Lockjawbull Flaring nostrilsbull Hypersensitive to touch

Stiff legged gait The muscle of the legs become Rigid and stiff that the horse may fall and notBe able to get up again Convulsions may Occur and death is caused by paralysis

The breathing muscles

Tetanus

bull Not contagiousbull Mortality rate is highbull All horses should be

vaccinated annuallybull Tetanus toxoid vaccine is

safe and provides good protection

bull Tetanus antitoxin is for previously unvaccinated horses

When to vaccinate - Tetanus

bull Not typically seasonal vaccinate any time of year

bull Most horses in spring in combination with EEEWEE

bull Boost if wound or surgery gt6 months from last dose

Equine Encephalomyelitis Vaccinebull EEE=Eastern Equine Encephalomyelitisbull WEE=Western Equine Encephalomyelitisbull VEE=Venezuelanbull Often referred to as ldquosleeping sicknessrdquobull This vaccine protects against a viral

neurologic disease transmitted by biting insects

bull In areas where winter freezes are uncommon semiannual vaccination may be advisable

EEE is a mosquito spread disease of birds that Sometimes is transmitted via a mosquito bite

To horses and people

Encephalomyelitis

bull WEE seen throughout North America

bull EEE seen mostly in the East and Southeast prevalent in Texas

bull VEE not in US for many years ndash reportable foreign disease

Clinical Signs of Encephalomyelitis

bull Result from inflammation of the brain andor spinal cord

bull Feverbull Depressionbull Staggering gait (ataxia)bull Paralysisbull Seizures

Abnormal Mentation

Abnormal Gait - Ataxia

Encephalomyelitis

bull EEEVEE ndash mortality rate 70-90 die

bull WEE ndash mortality rate about 50

bull Vaccination is safe and generally very effective against these diseases

When to Vaccinate ndash EEEWEE

bull ALL horses should be vaccinated annually in the spring prior to mosquito season

bull In Texas recommend boosting every 6 months for EEEWEE

bull Foals should receive first dose at 3-4 months of age and 2 additional doses one month apart

ENCEVACtrade Line of Equine Vaccines

bull For vaccination of healthy horses against Eastern and Western Equine Encephalomyelitis (Sleeping Sickness) Encevactrade is a formaldehyde inactivated adjuvanted bivalent equine vaccine consisting of Eastern and Western Equine Encephalomyelitis viruses

West Nile Vaccine

bull Another mosquito transmitted virusbull Humans and horses are dead-end

hostsbull Spread by mosquitoes-Culicoides spp

and some birdsbull Prevalent throughout the USbull Causes inflammation of the brain an

spinal cordbull Not contagious from horse to horse

Clinical Signs of West Nile Virus

Can varybull Feverbull Muscle tremorsbull Incoordination

ataxiabull Hypersensitivebull Facial nerve or other

paralysis

West Nile Virus

bull Mortality rate about 33

bull Associated with inability to stand prolonged recumbency

When to Vaccinate - WNV

bull Several vaccines available-Fort Dodge West Nile Innovator ndash killed-Merialrsquos RecombiTek ndash recombinant vaccine-Intervetrsquos PreveNile ndash modified live chimera vaccine

bull Annual vaccination recommendedbull In Texas and states with larger

mosquito populations may boost every 4-6 months

Equine Rhinopneumonitis Vaccine (herpes 1)

bull Pregnant mares should be vaccinated with this vaccine in the 5th 7th and 9th months of gestation to prevent a viral disease whose strains can cause upper respiratory disease abortions stillbirths and weak neonatal foals that fail to survive

Equine Influenza Vaccine

bull The duration of protective immunity from this vaccine is short-lived requiring vaccination every 2 to 3 months during periods of exposure

bull Disease outbreaks usually occur in horses 1 to 3 yrs of age after mixing with infected horses at the racetrack or showgrounds

Equine Influenza

bull Incubation period 1-3 daysbull High fever (1-5 days)bull Young horses are at riskbull Spread by aerosolized droplets

infected fomites ndash highly contagious

Equine Influenza ndash Clinical Signs

bull Cough (several weeks) and feverbull Lethargy depression reduced

appetite muscle sorenessbull Nasal dischargebull Most horses recover in 10-14 days

with supportive care

bullFLU AVERTreg Intra-nasal spray vaccine for Equine Influenza

bullIntranasal vaccine every 6 monthsbullIntramuscular vaccine every 4 monthsbullStart foals at 9 months of age

When to Vaccinate - Influenza

Strangles Vaccine

bull Respiratory disease caused by infection with Streptococcus equi

bull Spread by mucous or contaminated fomites What are fomites

bull Intranasal and IM vaccinesbull Vaccination not 100 effective but can

lessen the severity of incidencebull 2 Types Atypically (transient-cold like)

and Bastard (spread of infection to the organs)

Strangles Streptococcus equi spp equibull Transmission Ingestion or

inhalation of infected discharge

bull Horse-horse contact or fomites

bull Highly contagiousbull High morbidity low

mortalitybull Incubation period 3-5

days

Strangles ndash Clinical Signs

bull Cough fever lymph node enlargement

bull Respiratory distress due to retropharyngeal lymph node enlargement

bull Complications-Purpura-Metastatic (ldquoBastardrdquo) strangles

Vaccination for Strangles

bull Previously affected farms

bull May lessen disease severity

bull Vaccine reactions-Purpura-Abscesses if IM vaccines become contaminated

bull Annual boosterbull Intranasal vaccine

Equine Viral Arteritis

bull Vaccine induces partial to complete protection against the clinical signs of disease but if virus challenged the virus can replicate in the animals body

bull Clinical signs fever depression nasal discharge lacrimation coughing and limb swelling

Potomac Horse Fever Vaccine

bull It is believed that aquatic insects are the vectors ticks snails

bull Efficacy of the vaccine is unknownbull Prevalent in the eastern states

near large waterwaysbull Use of this vaccine is usually in

areas where it is a problem

Botulism Vaccine

bull Usually given to mares 30 days prior to foaling for the prevention of shaker foal syndrome

bull Given in areas of high incidence geographically

Botulism Clostridium botulinum

bull Causes flaccid paralysisbull Endemic in KYbull 2 Forms

1048708 Shaker foal syndrome1048708 Forage poisoning

bull Vaccinate for type B usually in broodmares

Anthrax Vaccine

bull Anthrax vaccines are available for use but are not widely used except where a genuine risk is identified

Rabies Vaccine

bull 100 FATAL in all casesbull Virus affecting the nervous systembull Vaccinate horses where wildlife

(skunks foxes raccoons bats) rabies is endemic in the Houston area

bull Spinalcord or brainstem signsbull Very very commonly vaccinated for

here in Texas

Clinical Signs of Rabies

bull Can look like anything

bull Behavioral changes blindness

bull Ataxia and incoordination

bull Feverbull Hypersalivationbull Paralysisbull Colic

Rabies

bull The rabies virus is killed by most disinfectants Only lives in dried saliva or carcass for 24 hours But it can live for days in refrigerated carcasses

When to vaccinate - Rabies

bull Incubation period 2-9 weeksbull Death in 3-5 days once signs

developbull Vaccinate once a yearbull Vaccine is safe and effective

EquiRab a rabies vaccine designed specifically for horses

Rotavirus

bull Most common cause of infectious diarrhea in foals

bull Clinical Signs- profuse watery diarrhea fever lethargy

bull Highly contagious

Rotavirus Vaccination

bull Prevention- vaccination of pregnant mares 30 days before foaling in endemic herds may confer modest protection

Vaccine Pleasure

orShow

Pregnant Mare

Pasture Horse

Boarding Facility

Weanling (gt 6 mo)

Frequency

EEEWEE X X X X X Annual

West Nile Virus

X X X X X MaySept

Rabies X X X X X Annual

Tetanus X X X X X Annual

Herpes (Rhino)

X X X +- Q 6 months

Influenza X X X +- Q 6 months

Strangles X X X +- Annual

PHF +- +- +- +- +- AprilJune

EPM

Botulism Atlantic states

Comments

High rate of

exposure

Maternal Antibodies in last 30 days of

pregnancy

Protect from non-

equine vectors

High rate of exposure

Management Practices

bull Quarantine and monitoring of new horses

bull Isolation facility and protocol

bull Requirements prior to introduction of new horse

bull Separation of groups of horses according to use susceptibility to infection

Management Practices

bull Vector controlbull Management of

sick horsesbull Keep good

records

Questions

Why Vaccinate

Prevent some FATAL diseasesbull Rabiesbull Tetanusbull Encephalomyelitis (EEEWEEVEE)bull WNV

How vaccines work

bull Passive Immunization

How vaccines work

bull Active Immunization

How vaccines work

bull Passive Immunizationndash Brief period of

protectionndash Antibody absorption

one time only

bull Active Immunizationndash Prolonged period of

protectionndash Boosting of protective

response by additional exposure

Vaccination can NOT guarantee disease prevention in all cases

bull Vaccination should be used in conjunction with good nutrition deworming pasture management and minimizing stress in your herd

How

bull Most vaccines are given IM (in muscle)

bull Some are available togive IN (intranasal)1048708 Influenza1048708 Strangles

Horses that are immunologically naiumlve or haveAn unknown immunization history should

Receive an initial immunizationFollowed in 4 weeks by a second

Immunization

Technician Note

Vaccine Reactions

bull Anaphylactoid reactions allergic reactions

bull Feverbull Lamenessbull Swelling or

abscess formation at the injection site

What should I vaccinate for

ALL HORSESbull Tetanusbull Encephalomyelitisbull West Nile Virusbull Rabies

MOSTPERFORMANCEbull Influenzabull Equine Herpesvirus

SOMEbull Stranglesbull Potomac Horse Feverbull Botulismbull Rotavirus

Tetanus Vaccines

bull Caused by Clostridium tetanibull The toxoid version of this vaccine is

given to immunize horses against a disease characterized by muscle rigidity and spasms that may result in respiratory arrest and convulsions

bull Administration of antitoxin to unvaccinated horses induces immediate protection that lasts approximately 2 weeks

Tetanus

bull Caused by bacteria found in soil and ingested by horses or enters a wound

bull Called ldquolockjawrdquo because it especially effects the muscles of the neck and jaw

bull Present in intestine manure and soilbull Spores can exist for years in soilbull Spores enter through wounds

lacerations umbilicus

Clinical Signs of Tetanus

bull Muscle stiffnessbull Sawhorse stancebull Third eyelid prolapsebull Lockjawbull Flaring nostrilsbull Hypersensitive to touch

Stiff legged gait The muscle of the legs become Rigid and stiff that the horse may fall and notBe able to get up again Convulsions may Occur and death is caused by paralysis

The breathing muscles

Tetanus

bull Not contagiousbull Mortality rate is highbull All horses should be

vaccinated annuallybull Tetanus toxoid vaccine is

safe and provides good protection

bull Tetanus antitoxin is for previously unvaccinated horses

When to vaccinate - Tetanus

bull Not typically seasonal vaccinate any time of year

bull Most horses in spring in combination with EEEWEE

bull Boost if wound or surgery gt6 months from last dose

Equine Encephalomyelitis Vaccinebull EEE=Eastern Equine Encephalomyelitisbull WEE=Western Equine Encephalomyelitisbull VEE=Venezuelanbull Often referred to as ldquosleeping sicknessrdquobull This vaccine protects against a viral

neurologic disease transmitted by biting insects

bull In areas where winter freezes are uncommon semiannual vaccination may be advisable

EEE is a mosquito spread disease of birds that Sometimes is transmitted via a mosquito bite

To horses and people

Encephalomyelitis

bull WEE seen throughout North America

bull EEE seen mostly in the East and Southeast prevalent in Texas

bull VEE not in US for many years ndash reportable foreign disease

Clinical Signs of Encephalomyelitis

bull Result from inflammation of the brain andor spinal cord

bull Feverbull Depressionbull Staggering gait (ataxia)bull Paralysisbull Seizures

Abnormal Mentation

Abnormal Gait - Ataxia

Encephalomyelitis

bull EEEVEE ndash mortality rate 70-90 die

bull WEE ndash mortality rate about 50

bull Vaccination is safe and generally very effective against these diseases

When to Vaccinate ndash EEEWEE

bull ALL horses should be vaccinated annually in the spring prior to mosquito season

bull In Texas recommend boosting every 6 months for EEEWEE

bull Foals should receive first dose at 3-4 months of age and 2 additional doses one month apart

ENCEVACtrade Line of Equine Vaccines

bull For vaccination of healthy horses against Eastern and Western Equine Encephalomyelitis (Sleeping Sickness) Encevactrade is a formaldehyde inactivated adjuvanted bivalent equine vaccine consisting of Eastern and Western Equine Encephalomyelitis viruses

West Nile Vaccine

bull Another mosquito transmitted virusbull Humans and horses are dead-end

hostsbull Spread by mosquitoes-Culicoides spp

and some birdsbull Prevalent throughout the USbull Causes inflammation of the brain an

spinal cordbull Not contagious from horse to horse

Clinical Signs of West Nile Virus

Can varybull Feverbull Muscle tremorsbull Incoordination

ataxiabull Hypersensitivebull Facial nerve or other

paralysis

West Nile Virus

bull Mortality rate about 33

bull Associated with inability to stand prolonged recumbency

When to Vaccinate - WNV

bull Several vaccines available-Fort Dodge West Nile Innovator ndash killed-Merialrsquos RecombiTek ndash recombinant vaccine-Intervetrsquos PreveNile ndash modified live chimera vaccine

bull Annual vaccination recommendedbull In Texas and states with larger

mosquito populations may boost every 4-6 months

Equine Rhinopneumonitis Vaccine (herpes 1)

bull Pregnant mares should be vaccinated with this vaccine in the 5th 7th and 9th months of gestation to prevent a viral disease whose strains can cause upper respiratory disease abortions stillbirths and weak neonatal foals that fail to survive

Equine Influenza Vaccine

bull The duration of protective immunity from this vaccine is short-lived requiring vaccination every 2 to 3 months during periods of exposure

bull Disease outbreaks usually occur in horses 1 to 3 yrs of age after mixing with infected horses at the racetrack or showgrounds

Equine Influenza

bull Incubation period 1-3 daysbull High fever (1-5 days)bull Young horses are at riskbull Spread by aerosolized droplets

infected fomites ndash highly contagious

Equine Influenza ndash Clinical Signs

bull Cough (several weeks) and feverbull Lethargy depression reduced

appetite muscle sorenessbull Nasal dischargebull Most horses recover in 10-14 days

with supportive care

bullFLU AVERTreg Intra-nasal spray vaccine for Equine Influenza

bullIntranasal vaccine every 6 monthsbullIntramuscular vaccine every 4 monthsbullStart foals at 9 months of age

When to Vaccinate - Influenza

Strangles Vaccine

bull Respiratory disease caused by infection with Streptococcus equi

bull Spread by mucous or contaminated fomites What are fomites

bull Intranasal and IM vaccinesbull Vaccination not 100 effective but can

lessen the severity of incidencebull 2 Types Atypically (transient-cold like)

and Bastard (spread of infection to the organs)

Strangles Streptococcus equi spp equibull Transmission Ingestion or

inhalation of infected discharge

bull Horse-horse contact or fomites

bull Highly contagiousbull High morbidity low

mortalitybull Incubation period 3-5

days

Strangles ndash Clinical Signs

bull Cough fever lymph node enlargement

bull Respiratory distress due to retropharyngeal lymph node enlargement

bull Complications-Purpura-Metastatic (ldquoBastardrdquo) strangles

Vaccination for Strangles

bull Previously affected farms

bull May lessen disease severity

bull Vaccine reactions-Purpura-Abscesses if IM vaccines become contaminated

bull Annual boosterbull Intranasal vaccine

Equine Viral Arteritis

bull Vaccine induces partial to complete protection against the clinical signs of disease but if virus challenged the virus can replicate in the animals body

bull Clinical signs fever depression nasal discharge lacrimation coughing and limb swelling

Potomac Horse Fever Vaccine

bull It is believed that aquatic insects are the vectors ticks snails

bull Efficacy of the vaccine is unknownbull Prevalent in the eastern states

near large waterwaysbull Use of this vaccine is usually in

areas where it is a problem

Botulism Vaccine

bull Usually given to mares 30 days prior to foaling for the prevention of shaker foal syndrome

bull Given in areas of high incidence geographically

Botulism Clostridium botulinum

bull Causes flaccid paralysisbull Endemic in KYbull 2 Forms

1048708 Shaker foal syndrome1048708 Forage poisoning

bull Vaccinate for type B usually in broodmares

Anthrax Vaccine

bull Anthrax vaccines are available for use but are not widely used except where a genuine risk is identified

Rabies Vaccine

bull 100 FATAL in all casesbull Virus affecting the nervous systembull Vaccinate horses where wildlife

(skunks foxes raccoons bats) rabies is endemic in the Houston area

bull Spinalcord or brainstem signsbull Very very commonly vaccinated for

here in Texas

Clinical Signs of Rabies

bull Can look like anything

bull Behavioral changes blindness

bull Ataxia and incoordination

bull Feverbull Hypersalivationbull Paralysisbull Colic

Rabies

bull The rabies virus is killed by most disinfectants Only lives in dried saliva or carcass for 24 hours But it can live for days in refrigerated carcasses

When to vaccinate - Rabies

bull Incubation period 2-9 weeksbull Death in 3-5 days once signs

developbull Vaccinate once a yearbull Vaccine is safe and effective

EquiRab a rabies vaccine designed specifically for horses

Rotavirus

bull Most common cause of infectious diarrhea in foals

bull Clinical Signs- profuse watery diarrhea fever lethargy

bull Highly contagious

Rotavirus Vaccination

bull Prevention- vaccination of pregnant mares 30 days before foaling in endemic herds may confer modest protection

Vaccine Pleasure

orShow

Pregnant Mare

Pasture Horse

Boarding Facility

Weanling (gt 6 mo)

Frequency

EEEWEE X X X X X Annual

West Nile Virus

X X X X X MaySept

Rabies X X X X X Annual

Tetanus X X X X X Annual

Herpes (Rhino)

X X X +- Q 6 months

Influenza X X X +- Q 6 months

Strangles X X X +- Annual

PHF +- +- +- +- +- AprilJune

EPM

Botulism Atlantic states

Comments

High rate of

exposure

Maternal Antibodies in last 30 days of

pregnancy

Protect from non-

equine vectors

High rate of exposure

Management Practices

bull Quarantine and monitoring of new horses

bull Isolation facility and protocol

bull Requirements prior to introduction of new horse

bull Separation of groups of horses according to use susceptibility to infection

Management Practices

bull Vector controlbull Management of

sick horsesbull Keep good

records

Questions

How vaccines work

bull Passive Immunization

How vaccines work

bull Active Immunization

How vaccines work

bull Passive Immunizationndash Brief period of

protectionndash Antibody absorption

one time only

bull Active Immunizationndash Prolonged period of

protectionndash Boosting of protective

response by additional exposure

Vaccination can NOT guarantee disease prevention in all cases

bull Vaccination should be used in conjunction with good nutrition deworming pasture management and minimizing stress in your herd

How

bull Most vaccines are given IM (in muscle)

bull Some are available togive IN (intranasal)1048708 Influenza1048708 Strangles

Horses that are immunologically naiumlve or haveAn unknown immunization history should

Receive an initial immunizationFollowed in 4 weeks by a second

Immunization

Technician Note

Vaccine Reactions

bull Anaphylactoid reactions allergic reactions

bull Feverbull Lamenessbull Swelling or

abscess formation at the injection site

What should I vaccinate for

ALL HORSESbull Tetanusbull Encephalomyelitisbull West Nile Virusbull Rabies

MOSTPERFORMANCEbull Influenzabull Equine Herpesvirus

SOMEbull Stranglesbull Potomac Horse Feverbull Botulismbull Rotavirus

Tetanus Vaccines

bull Caused by Clostridium tetanibull The toxoid version of this vaccine is

given to immunize horses against a disease characterized by muscle rigidity and spasms that may result in respiratory arrest and convulsions

bull Administration of antitoxin to unvaccinated horses induces immediate protection that lasts approximately 2 weeks

Tetanus

bull Caused by bacteria found in soil and ingested by horses or enters a wound

bull Called ldquolockjawrdquo because it especially effects the muscles of the neck and jaw

bull Present in intestine manure and soilbull Spores can exist for years in soilbull Spores enter through wounds

lacerations umbilicus

Clinical Signs of Tetanus

bull Muscle stiffnessbull Sawhorse stancebull Third eyelid prolapsebull Lockjawbull Flaring nostrilsbull Hypersensitive to touch

Stiff legged gait The muscle of the legs become Rigid and stiff that the horse may fall and notBe able to get up again Convulsions may Occur and death is caused by paralysis

The breathing muscles

Tetanus

bull Not contagiousbull Mortality rate is highbull All horses should be

vaccinated annuallybull Tetanus toxoid vaccine is

safe and provides good protection

bull Tetanus antitoxin is for previously unvaccinated horses

When to vaccinate - Tetanus

bull Not typically seasonal vaccinate any time of year

bull Most horses in spring in combination with EEEWEE

bull Boost if wound or surgery gt6 months from last dose

Equine Encephalomyelitis Vaccinebull EEE=Eastern Equine Encephalomyelitisbull WEE=Western Equine Encephalomyelitisbull VEE=Venezuelanbull Often referred to as ldquosleeping sicknessrdquobull This vaccine protects against a viral

neurologic disease transmitted by biting insects

bull In areas where winter freezes are uncommon semiannual vaccination may be advisable

EEE is a mosquito spread disease of birds that Sometimes is transmitted via a mosquito bite

To horses and people

Encephalomyelitis

bull WEE seen throughout North America

bull EEE seen mostly in the East and Southeast prevalent in Texas

bull VEE not in US for many years ndash reportable foreign disease

Clinical Signs of Encephalomyelitis

bull Result from inflammation of the brain andor spinal cord

bull Feverbull Depressionbull Staggering gait (ataxia)bull Paralysisbull Seizures

Abnormal Mentation

Abnormal Gait - Ataxia

Encephalomyelitis

bull EEEVEE ndash mortality rate 70-90 die

bull WEE ndash mortality rate about 50

bull Vaccination is safe and generally very effective against these diseases

When to Vaccinate ndash EEEWEE

bull ALL horses should be vaccinated annually in the spring prior to mosquito season

bull In Texas recommend boosting every 6 months for EEEWEE

bull Foals should receive first dose at 3-4 months of age and 2 additional doses one month apart

ENCEVACtrade Line of Equine Vaccines

bull For vaccination of healthy horses against Eastern and Western Equine Encephalomyelitis (Sleeping Sickness) Encevactrade is a formaldehyde inactivated adjuvanted bivalent equine vaccine consisting of Eastern and Western Equine Encephalomyelitis viruses

West Nile Vaccine

bull Another mosquito transmitted virusbull Humans and horses are dead-end

hostsbull Spread by mosquitoes-Culicoides spp

and some birdsbull Prevalent throughout the USbull Causes inflammation of the brain an

spinal cordbull Not contagious from horse to horse

Clinical Signs of West Nile Virus

Can varybull Feverbull Muscle tremorsbull Incoordination

ataxiabull Hypersensitivebull Facial nerve or other

paralysis

West Nile Virus

bull Mortality rate about 33

bull Associated with inability to stand prolonged recumbency

When to Vaccinate - WNV

bull Several vaccines available-Fort Dodge West Nile Innovator ndash killed-Merialrsquos RecombiTek ndash recombinant vaccine-Intervetrsquos PreveNile ndash modified live chimera vaccine

bull Annual vaccination recommendedbull In Texas and states with larger

mosquito populations may boost every 4-6 months

Equine Rhinopneumonitis Vaccine (herpes 1)

bull Pregnant mares should be vaccinated with this vaccine in the 5th 7th and 9th months of gestation to prevent a viral disease whose strains can cause upper respiratory disease abortions stillbirths and weak neonatal foals that fail to survive

Equine Influenza Vaccine

bull The duration of protective immunity from this vaccine is short-lived requiring vaccination every 2 to 3 months during periods of exposure

bull Disease outbreaks usually occur in horses 1 to 3 yrs of age after mixing with infected horses at the racetrack or showgrounds

Equine Influenza

bull Incubation period 1-3 daysbull High fever (1-5 days)bull Young horses are at riskbull Spread by aerosolized droplets

infected fomites ndash highly contagious

Equine Influenza ndash Clinical Signs

bull Cough (several weeks) and feverbull Lethargy depression reduced

appetite muscle sorenessbull Nasal dischargebull Most horses recover in 10-14 days

with supportive care

bullFLU AVERTreg Intra-nasal spray vaccine for Equine Influenza

bullIntranasal vaccine every 6 monthsbullIntramuscular vaccine every 4 monthsbullStart foals at 9 months of age

When to Vaccinate - Influenza

Strangles Vaccine

bull Respiratory disease caused by infection with Streptococcus equi

bull Spread by mucous or contaminated fomites What are fomites

bull Intranasal and IM vaccinesbull Vaccination not 100 effective but can

lessen the severity of incidencebull 2 Types Atypically (transient-cold like)

and Bastard (spread of infection to the organs)

Strangles Streptococcus equi spp equibull Transmission Ingestion or

inhalation of infected discharge

bull Horse-horse contact or fomites

bull Highly contagiousbull High morbidity low

mortalitybull Incubation period 3-5

days

Strangles ndash Clinical Signs

bull Cough fever lymph node enlargement

bull Respiratory distress due to retropharyngeal lymph node enlargement

bull Complications-Purpura-Metastatic (ldquoBastardrdquo) strangles

Vaccination for Strangles

bull Previously affected farms

bull May lessen disease severity

bull Vaccine reactions-Purpura-Abscesses if IM vaccines become contaminated

bull Annual boosterbull Intranasal vaccine

Equine Viral Arteritis

bull Vaccine induces partial to complete protection against the clinical signs of disease but if virus challenged the virus can replicate in the animals body

bull Clinical signs fever depression nasal discharge lacrimation coughing and limb swelling

Potomac Horse Fever Vaccine

bull It is believed that aquatic insects are the vectors ticks snails

bull Efficacy of the vaccine is unknownbull Prevalent in the eastern states

near large waterwaysbull Use of this vaccine is usually in

areas where it is a problem

Botulism Vaccine

bull Usually given to mares 30 days prior to foaling for the prevention of shaker foal syndrome

bull Given in areas of high incidence geographically

Botulism Clostridium botulinum

bull Causes flaccid paralysisbull Endemic in KYbull 2 Forms

1048708 Shaker foal syndrome1048708 Forage poisoning

bull Vaccinate for type B usually in broodmares

Anthrax Vaccine

bull Anthrax vaccines are available for use but are not widely used except where a genuine risk is identified

Rabies Vaccine

bull 100 FATAL in all casesbull Virus affecting the nervous systembull Vaccinate horses where wildlife

(skunks foxes raccoons bats) rabies is endemic in the Houston area

bull Spinalcord or brainstem signsbull Very very commonly vaccinated for

here in Texas

Clinical Signs of Rabies

bull Can look like anything

bull Behavioral changes blindness

bull Ataxia and incoordination

bull Feverbull Hypersalivationbull Paralysisbull Colic

Rabies

bull The rabies virus is killed by most disinfectants Only lives in dried saliva or carcass for 24 hours But it can live for days in refrigerated carcasses

When to vaccinate - Rabies

bull Incubation period 2-9 weeksbull Death in 3-5 days once signs

developbull Vaccinate once a yearbull Vaccine is safe and effective

EquiRab a rabies vaccine designed specifically for horses

Rotavirus

bull Most common cause of infectious diarrhea in foals

bull Clinical Signs- profuse watery diarrhea fever lethargy

bull Highly contagious

Rotavirus Vaccination

bull Prevention- vaccination of pregnant mares 30 days before foaling in endemic herds may confer modest protection

Vaccine Pleasure

orShow

Pregnant Mare

Pasture Horse

Boarding Facility

Weanling (gt 6 mo)

Frequency

EEEWEE X X X X X Annual

West Nile Virus

X X X X X MaySept

Rabies X X X X X Annual

Tetanus X X X X X Annual

Herpes (Rhino)

X X X +- Q 6 months

Influenza X X X +- Q 6 months

Strangles X X X +- Annual

PHF +- +- +- +- +- AprilJune

EPM

Botulism Atlantic states

Comments

High rate of

exposure

Maternal Antibodies in last 30 days of

pregnancy

Protect from non-

equine vectors

High rate of exposure

Management Practices

bull Quarantine and monitoring of new horses

bull Isolation facility and protocol

bull Requirements prior to introduction of new horse

bull Separation of groups of horses according to use susceptibility to infection

Management Practices

bull Vector controlbull Management of

sick horsesbull Keep good

records

Questions

How vaccines work

bull Active Immunization

How vaccines work

bull Passive Immunizationndash Brief period of

protectionndash Antibody absorption

one time only

bull Active Immunizationndash Prolonged period of

protectionndash Boosting of protective

response by additional exposure

Vaccination can NOT guarantee disease prevention in all cases

bull Vaccination should be used in conjunction with good nutrition deworming pasture management and minimizing stress in your herd

How

bull Most vaccines are given IM (in muscle)

bull Some are available togive IN (intranasal)1048708 Influenza1048708 Strangles

Horses that are immunologically naiumlve or haveAn unknown immunization history should

Receive an initial immunizationFollowed in 4 weeks by a second

Immunization

Technician Note

Vaccine Reactions

bull Anaphylactoid reactions allergic reactions

bull Feverbull Lamenessbull Swelling or

abscess formation at the injection site

What should I vaccinate for

ALL HORSESbull Tetanusbull Encephalomyelitisbull West Nile Virusbull Rabies

MOSTPERFORMANCEbull Influenzabull Equine Herpesvirus

SOMEbull Stranglesbull Potomac Horse Feverbull Botulismbull Rotavirus

Tetanus Vaccines

bull Caused by Clostridium tetanibull The toxoid version of this vaccine is

given to immunize horses against a disease characterized by muscle rigidity and spasms that may result in respiratory arrest and convulsions

bull Administration of antitoxin to unvaccinated horses induces immediate protection that lasts approximately 2 weeks

Tetanus

bull Caused by bacteria found in soil and ingested by horses or enters a wound

bull Called ldquolockjawrdquo because it especially effects the muscles of the neck and jaw

bull Present in intestine manure and soilbull Spores can exist for years in soilbull Spores enter through wounds

lacerations umbilicus

Clinical Signs of Tetanus

bull Muscle stiffnessbull Sawhorse stancebull Third eyelid prolapsebull Lockjawbull Flaring nostrilsbull Hypersensitive to touch

Stiff legged gait The muscle of the legs become Rigid and stiff that the horse may fall and notBe able to get up again Convulsions may Occur and death is caused by paralysis

The breathing muscles

Tetanus

bull Not contagiousbull Mortality rate is highbull All horses should be

vaccinated annuallybull Tetanus toxoid vaccine is

safe and provides good protection

bull Tetanus antitoxin is for previously unvaccinated horses

When to vaccinate - Tetanus

bull Not typically seasonal vaccinate any time of year

bull Most horses in spring in combination with EEEWEE

bull Boost if wound or surgery gt6 months from last dose

Equine Encephalomyelitis Vaccinebull EEE=Eastern Equine Encephalomyelitisbull WEE=Western Equine Encephalomyelitisbull VEE=Venezuelanbull Often referred to as ldquosleeping sicknessrdquobull This vaccine protects against a viral

neurologic disease transmitted by biting insects

bull In areas where winter freezes are uncommon semiannual vaccination may be advisable

EEE is a mosquito spread disease of birds that Sometimes is transmitted via a mosquito bite

To horses and people

Encephalomyelitis

bull WEE seen throughout North America

bull EEE seen mostly in the East and Southeast prevalent in Texas

bull VEE not in US for many years ndash reportable foreign disease

Clinical Signs of Encephalomyelitis

bull Result from inflammation of the brain andor spinal cord

bull Feverbull Depressionbull Staggering gait (ataxia)bull Paralysisbull Seizures

Abnormal Mentation

Abnormal Gait - Ataxia

Encephalomyelitis

bull EEEVEE ndash mortality rate 70-90 die

bull WEE ndash mortality rate about 50

bull Vaccination is safe and generally very effective against these diseases

When to Vaccinate ndash EEEWEE

bull ALL horses should be vaccinated annually in the spring prior to mosquito season

bull In Texas recommend boosting every 6 months for EEEWEE

bull Foals should receive first dose at 3-4 months of age and 2 additional doses one month apart

ENCEVACtrade Line of Equine Vaccines

bull For vaccination of healthy horses against Eastern and Western Equine Encephalomyelitis (Sleeping Sickness) Encevactrade is a formaldehyde inactivated adjuvanted bivalent equine vaccine consisting of Eastern and Western Equine Encephalomyelitis viruses

West Nile Vaccine

bull Another mosquito transmitted virusbull Humans and horses are dead-end

hostsbull Spread by mosquitoes-Culicoides spp

and some birdsbull Prevalent throughout the USbull Causes inflammation of the brain an

spinal cordbull Not contagious from horse to horse

Clinical Signs of West Nile Virus

Can varybull Feverbull Muscle tremorsbull Incoordination

ataxiabull Hypersensitivebull Facial nerve or other

paralysis

West Nile Virus

bull Mortality rate about 33

bull Associated with inability to stand prolonged recumbency

When to Vaccinate - WNV

bull Several vaccines available-Fort Dodge West Nile Innovator ndash killed-Merialrsquos RecombiTek ndash recombinant vaccine-Intervetrsquos PreveNile ndash modified live chimera vaccine

bull Annual vaccination recommendedbull In Texas and states with larger

mosquito populations may boost every 4-6 months

Equine Rhinopneumonitis Vaccine (herpes 1)

bull Pregnant mares should be vaccinated with this vaccine in the 5th 7th and 9th months of gestation to prevent a viral disease whose strains can cause upper respiratory disease abortions stillbirths and weak neonatal foals that fail to survive

Equine Influenza Vaccine

bull The duration of protective immunity from this vaccine is short-lived requiring vaccination every 2 to 3 months during periods of exposure

bull Disease outbreaks usually occur in horses 1 to 3 yrs of age after mixing with infected horses at the racetrack or showgrounds

Equine Influenza

bull Incubation period 1-3 daysbull High fever (1-5 days)bull Young horses are at riskbull Spread by aerosolized droplets

infected fomites ndash highly contagious

Equine Influenza ndash Clinical Signs

bull Cough (several weeks) and feverbull Lethargy depression reduced

appetite muscle sorenessbull Nasal dischargebull Most horses recover in 10-14 days

with supportive care

bullFLU AVERTreg Intra-nasal spray vaccine for Equine Influenza

bullIntranasal vaccine every 6 monthsbullIntramuscular vaccine every 4 monthsbullStart foals at 9 months of age

When to Vaccinate - Influenza

Strangles Vaccine

bull Respiratory disease caused by infection with Streptococcus equi

bull Spread by mucous or contaminated fomites What are fomites

bull Intranasal and IM vaccinesbull Vaccination not 100 effective but can

lessen the severity of incidencebull 2 Types Atypically (transient-cold like)

and Bastard (spread of infection to the organs)

Strangles Streptococcus equi spp equibull Transmission Ingestion or

inhalation of infected discharge

bull Horse-horse contact or fomites

bull Highly contagiousbull High morbidity low

mortalitybull Incubation period 3-5

days

Strangles ndash Clinical Signs

bull Cough fever lymph node enlargement

bull Respiratory distress due to retropharyngeal lymph node enlargement

bull Complications-Purpura-Metastatic (ldquoBastardrdquo) strangles

Vaccination for Strangles

bull Previously affected farms

bull May lessen disease severity

bull Vaccine reactions-Purpura-Abscesses if IM vaccines become contaminated

bull Annual boosterbull Intranasal vaccine

Equine Viral Arteritis

bull Vaccine induces partial to complete protection against the clinical signs of disease but if virus challenged the virus can replicate in the animals body

bull Clinical signs fever depression nasal discharge lacrimation coughing and limb swelling

Potomac Horse Fever Vaccine

bull It is believed that aquatic insects are the vectors ticks snails

bull Efficacy of the vaccine is unknownbull Prevalent in the eastern states

near large waterwaysbull Use of this vaccine is usually in

areas where it is a problem

Botulism Vaccine

bull Usually given to mares 30 days prior to foaling for the prevention of shaker foal syndrome

bull Given in areas of high incidence geographically

Botulism Clostridium botulinum

bull Causes flaccid paralysisbull Endemic in KYbull 2 Forms

1048708 Shaker foal syndrome1048708 Forage poisoning

bull Vaccinate for type B usually in broodmares

Anthrax Vaccine

bull Anthrax vaccines are available for use but are not widely used except where a genuine risk is identified

Rabies Vaccine

bull 100 FATAL in all casesbull Virus affecting the nervous systembull Vaccinate horses where wildlife

(skunks foxes raccoons bats) rabies is endemic in the Houston area

bull Spinalcord or brainstem signsbull Very very commonly vaccinated for

here in Texas

Clinical Signs of Rabies

bull Can look like anything

bull Behavioral changes blindness

bull Ataxia and incoordination

bull Feverbull Hypersalivationbull Paralysisbull Colic

Rabies

bull The rabies virus is killed by most disinfectants Only lives in dried saliva or carcass for 24 hours But it can live for days in refrigerated carcasses

When to vaccinate - Rabies

bull Incubation period 2-9 weeksbull Death in 3-5 days once signs

developbull Vaccinate once a yearbull Vaccine is safe and effective

EquiRab a rabies vaccine designed specifically for horses

Rotavirus

bull Most common cause of infectious diarrhea in foals

bull Clinical Signs- profuse watery diarrhea fever lethargy

bull Highly contagious

Rotavirus Vaccination

bull Prevention- vaccination of pregnant mares 30 days before foaling in endemic herds may confer modest protection

Vaccine Pleasure

orShow

Pregnant Mare

Pasture Horse

Boarding Facility

Weanling (gt 6 mo)

Frequency

EEEWEE X X X X X Annual

West Nile Virus

X X X X X MaySept

Rabies X X X X X Annual

Tetanus X X X X X Annual

Herpes (Rhino)

X X X +- Q 6 months

Influenza X X X +- Q 6 months

Strangles X X X +- Annual

PHF +- +- +- +- +- AprilJune

EPM

Botulism Atlantic states

Comments

High rate of

exposure

Maternal Antibodies in last 30 days of

pregnancy

Protect from non-

equine vectors

High rate of exposure

Management Practices

bull Quarantine and monitoring of new horses

bull Isolation facility and protocol

bull Requirements prior to introduction of new horse

bull Separation of groups of horses according to use susceptibility to infection

Management Practices

bull Vector controlbull Management of

sick horsesbull Keep good

records

Questions

How vaccines work

bull Passive Immunizationndash Brief period of

protectionndash Antibody absorption

one time only

bull Active Immunizationndash Prolonged period of

protectionndash Boosting of protective

response by additional exposure

Vaccination can NOT guarantee disease prevention in all cases

bull Vaccination should be used in conjunction with good nutrition deworming pasture management and minimizing stress in your herd

How

bull Most vaccines are given IM (in muscle)

bull Some are available togive IN (intranasal)1048708 Influenza1048708 Strangles

Horses that are immunologically naiumlve or haveAn unknown immunization history should

Receive an initial immunizationFollowed in 4 weeks by a second

Immunization

Technician Note

Vaccine Reactions

bull Anaphylactoid reactions allergic reactions

bull Feverbull Lamenessbull Swelling or

abscess formation at the injection site

What should I vaccinate for

ALL HORSESbull Tetanusbull Encephalomyelitisbull West Nile Virusbull Rabies

MOSTPERFORMANCEbull Influenzabull Equine Herpesvirus

SOMEbull Stranglesbull Potomac Horse Feverbull Botulismbull Rotavirus

Tetanus Vaccines

bull Caused by Clostridium tetanibull The toxoid version of this vaccine is

given to immunize horses against a disease characterized by muscle rigidity and spasms that may result in respiratory arrest and convulsions

bull Administration of antitoxin to unvaccinated horses induces immediate protection that lasts approximately 2 weeks

Tetanus

bull Caused by bacteria found in soil and ingested by horses or enters a wound

bull Called ldquolockjawrdquo because it especially effects the muscles of the neck and jaw

bull Present in intestine manure and soilbull Spores can exist for years in soilbull Spores enter through wounds

lacerations umbilicus

Clinical Signs of Tetanus

bull Muscle stiffnessbull Sawhorse stancebull Third eyelid prolapsebull Lockjawbull Flaring nostrilsbull Hypersensitive to touch

Stiff legged gait The muscle of the legs become Rigid and stiff that the horse may fall and notBe able to get up again Convulsions may Occur and death is caused by paralysis

The breathing muscles

Tetanus

bull Not contagiousbull Mortality rate is highbull All horses should be

vaccinated annuallybull Tetanus toxoid vaccine is

safe and provides good protection

bull Tetanus antitoxin is for previously unvaccinated horses

When to vaccinate - Tetanus

bull Not typically seasonal vaccinate any time of year

bull Most horses in spring in combination with EEEWEE

bull Boost if wound or surgery gt6 months from last dose

Equine Encephalomyelitis Vaccinebull EEE=Eastern Equine Encephalomyelitisbull WEE=Western Equine Encephalomyelitisbull VEE=Venezuelanbull Often referred to as ldquosleeping sicknessrdquobull This vaccine protects against a viral

neurologic disease transmitted by biting insects

bull In areas where winter freezes are uncommon semiannual vaccination may be advisable

EEE is a mosquito spread disease of birds that Sometimes is transmitted via a mosquito bite

To horses and people

Encephalomyelitis

bull WEE seen throughout North America

bull EEE seen mostly in the East and Southeast prevalent in Texas

bull VEE not in US for many years ndash reportable foreign disease

Clinical Signs of Encephalomyelitis

bull Result from inflammation of the brain andor spinal cord

bull Feverbull Depressionbull Staggering gait (ataxia)bull Paralysisbull Seizures

Abnormal Mentation

Abnormal Gait - Ataxia

Encephalomyelitis

bull EEEVEE ndash mortality rate 70-90 die

bull WEE ndash mortality rate about 50

bull Vaccination is safe and generally very effective against these diseases

When to Vaccinate ndash EEEWEE

bull ALL horses should be vaccinated annually in the spring prior to mosquito season

bull In Texas recommend boosting every 6 months for EEEWEE

bull Foals should receive first dose at 3-4 months of age and 2 additional doses one month apart

ENCEVACtrade Line of Equine Vaccines

bull For vaccination of healthy horses against Eastern and Western Equine Encephalomyelitis (Sleeping Sickness) Encevactrade is a formaldehyde inactivated adjuvanted bivalent equine vaccine consisting of Eastern and Western Equine Encephalomyelitis viruses

West Nile Vaccine

bull Another mosquito transmitted virusbull Humans and horses are dead-end

hostsbull Spread by mosquitoes-Culicoides spp

and some birdsbull Prevalent throughout the USbull Causes inflammation of the brain an

spinal cordbull Not contagious from horse to horse

Clinical Signs of West Nile Virus

Can varybull Feverbull Muscle tremorsbull Incoordination

ataxiabull Hypersensitivebull Facial nerve or other

paralysis

West Nile Virus

bull Mortality rate about 33

bull Associated with inability to stand prolonged recumbency

When to Vaccinate - WNV

bull Several vaccines available-Fort Dodge West Nile Innovator ndash killed-Merialrsquos RecombiTek ndash recombinant vaccine-Intervetrsquos PreveNile ndash modified live chimera vaccine

bull Annual vaccination recommendedbull In Texas and states with larger

mosquito populations may boost every 4-6 months

Equine Rhinopneumonitis Vaccine (herpes 1)

bull Pregnant mares should be vaccinated with this vaccine in the 5th 7th and 9th months of gestation to prevent a viral disease whose strains can cause upper respiratory disease abortions stillbirths and weak neonatal foals that fail to survive

Equine Influenza Vaccine

bull The duration of protective immunity from this vaccine is short-lived requiring vaccination every 2 to 3 months during periods of exposure

bull Disease outbreaks usually occur in horses 1 to 3 yrs of age after mixing with infected horses at the racetrack or showgrounds

Equine Influenza

bull Incubation period 1-3 daysbull High fever (1-5 days)bull Young horses are at riskbull Spread by aerosolized droplets

infected fomites ndash highly contagious

Equine Influenza ndash Clinical Signs

bull Cough (several weeks) and feverbull Lethargy depression reduced

appetite muscle sorenessbull Nasal dischargebull Most horses recover in 10-14 days

with supportive care

bullFLU AVERTreg Intra-nasal spray vaccine for Equine Influenza

bullIntranasal vaccine every 6 monthsbullIntramuscular vaccine every 4 monthsbullStart foals at 9 months of age

When to Vaccinate - Influenza

Strangles Vaccine

bull Respiratory disease caused by infection with Streptococcus equi

bull Spread by mucous or contaminated fomites What are fomites

bull Intranasal and IM vaccinesbull Vaccination not 100 effective but can

lessen the severity of incidencebull 2 Types Atypically (transient-cold like)

and Bastard (spread of infection to the organs)

Strangles Streptococcus equi spp equibull Transmission Ingestion or

inhalation of infected discharge

bull Horse-horse contact or fomites

bull Highly contagiousbull High morbidity low

mortalitybull Incubation period 3-5

days

Strangles ndash Clinical Signs

bull Cough fever lymph node enlargement

bull Respiratory distress due to retropharyngeal lymph node enlargement

bull Complications-Purpura-Metastatic (ldquoBastardrdquo) strangles

Vaccination for Strangles

bull Previously affected farms

bull May lessen disease severity

bull Vaccine reactions-Purpura-Abscesses if IM vaccines become contaminated

bull Annual boosterbull Intranasal vaccine

Equine Viral Arteritis

bull Vaccine induces partial to complete protection against the clinical signs of disease but if virus challenged the virus can replicate in the animals body

bull Clinical signs fever depression nasal discharge lacrimation coughing and limb swelling

Potomac Horse Fever Vaccine

bull It is believed that aquatic insects are the vectors ticks snails

bull Efficacy of the vaccine is unknownbull Prevalent in the eastern states

near large waterwaysbull Use of this vaccine is usually in

areas where it is a problem

Botulism Vaccine

bull Usually given to mares 30 days prior to foaling for the prevention of shaker foal syndrome

bull Given in areas of high incidence geographically

Botulism Clostridium botulinum

bull Causes flaccid paralysisbull Endemic in KYbull 2 Forms

1048708 Shaker foal syndrome1048708 Forage poisoning

bull Vaccinate for type B usually in broodmares

Anthrax Vaccine

bull Anthrax vaccines are available for use but are not widely used except where a genuine risk is identified

Rabies Vaccine

bull 100 FATAL in all casesbull Virus affecting the nervous systembull Vaccinate horses where wildlife

(skunks foxes raccoons bats) rabies is endemic in the Houston area

bull Spinalcord or brainstem signsbull Very very commonly vaccinated for

here in Texas

Clinical Signs of Rabies

bull Can look like anything

bull Behavioral changes blindness

bull Ataxia and incoordination

bull Feverbull Hypersalivationbull Paralysisbull Colic

Rabies

bull The rabies virus is killed by most disinfectants Only lives in dried saliva or carcass for 24 hours But it can live for days in refrigerated carcasses

When to vaccinate - Rabies

bull Incubation period 2-9 weeksbull Death in 3-5 days once signs

developbull Vaccinate once a yearbull Vaccine is safe and effective

EquiRab a rabies vaccine designed specifically for horses

Rotavirus

bull Most common cause of infectious diarrhea in foals

bull Clinical Signs- profuse watery diarrhea fever lethargy

bull Highly contagious

Rotavirus Vaccination

bull Prevention- vaccination of pregnant mares 30 days before foaling in endemic herds may confer modest protection

Vaccine Pleasure

orShow

Pregnant Mare

Pasture Horse

Boarding Facility

Weanling (gt 6 mo)

Frequency

EEEWEE X X X X X Annual

West Nile Virus

X X X X X MaySept

Rabies X X X X X Annual

Tetanus X X X X X Annual

Herpes (Rhino)

X X X +- Q 6 months

Influenza X X X +- Q 6 months

Strangles X X X +- Annual

PHF +- +- +- +- +- AprilJune

EPM

Botulism Atlantic states

Comments

High rate of

exposure

Maternal Antibodies in last 30 days of

pregnancy

Protect from non-

equine vectors

High rate of exposure

Management Practices

bull Quarantine and monitoring of new horses

bull Isolation facility and protocol

bull Requirements prior to introduction of new horse

bull Separation of groups of horses according to use susceptibility to infection

Management Practices

bull Vector controlbull Management of

sick horsesbull Keep good

records

Questions

Vaccination can NOT guarantee disease prevention in all cases

bull Vaccination should be used in conjunction with good nutrition deworming pasture management and minimizing stress in your herd

How

bull Most vaccines are given IM (in muscle)

bull Some are available togive IN (intranasal)1048708 Influenza1048708 Strangles

Horses that are immunologically naiumlve or haveAn unknown immunization history should

Receive an initial immunizationFollowed in 4 weeks by a second

Immunization

Technician Note

Vaccine Reactions

bull Anaphylactoid reactions allergic reactions

bull Feverbull Lamenessbull Swelling or

abscess formation at the injection site

What should I vaccinate for

ALL HORSESbull Tetanusbull Encephalomyelitisbull West Nile Virusbull Rabies

MOSTPERFORMANCEbull Influenzabull Equine Herpesvirus

SOMEbull Stranglesbull Potomac Horse Feverbull Botulismbull Rotavirus

Tetanus Vaccines

bull Caused by Clostridium tetanibull The toxoid version of this vaccine is

given to immunize horses against a disease characterized by muscle rigidity and spasms that may result in respiratory arrest and convulsions

bull Administration of antitoxin to unvaccinated horses induces immediate protection that lasts approximately 2 weeks

Tetanus

bull Caused by bacteria found in soil and ingested by horses or enters a wound

bull Called ldquolockjawrdquo because it especially effects the muscles of the neck and jaw

bull Present in intestine manure and soilbull Spores can exist for years in soilbull Spores enter through wounds

lacerations umbilicus

Clinical Signs of Tetanus

bull Muscle stiffnessbull Sawhorse stancebull Third eyelid prolapsebull Lockjawbull Flaring nostrilsbull Hypersensitive to touch

Stiff legged gait The muscle of the legs become Rigid and stiff that the horse may fall and notBe able to get up again Convulsions may Occur and death is caused by paralysis

The breathing muscles

Tetanus

bull Not contagiousbull Mortality rate is highbull All horses should be

vaccinated annuallybull Tetanus toxoid vaccine is

safe and provides good protection

bull Tetanus antitoxin is for previously unvaccinated horses

When to vaccinate - Tetanus

bull Not typically seasonal vaccinate any time of year

bull Most horses in spring in combination with EEEWEE

bull Boost if wound or surgery gt6 months from last dose

Equine Encephalomyelitis Vaccinebull EEE=Eastern Equine Encephalomyelitisbull WEE=Western Equine Encephalomyelitisbull VEE=Venezuelanbull Often referred to as ldquosleeping sicknessrdquobull This vaccine protects against a viral

neurologic disease transmitted by biting insects

bull In areas where winter freezes are uncommon semiannual vaccination may be advisable

EEE is a mosquito spread disease of birds that Sometimes is transmitted via a mosquito bite

To horses and people

Encephalomyelitis

bull WEE seen throughout North America

bull EEE seen mostly in the East and Southeast prevalent in Texas

bull VEE not in US for many years ndash reportable foreign disease

Clinical Signs of Encephalomyelitis

bull Result from inflammation of the brain andor spinal cord

bull Feverbull Depressionbull Staggering gait (ataxia)bull Paralysisbull Seizures

Abnormal Mentation

Abnormal Gait - Ataxia

Encephalomyelitis

bull EEEVEE ndash mortality rate 70-90 die

bull WEE ndash mortality rate about 50

bull Vaccination is safe and generally very effective against these diseases

When to Vaccinate ndash EEEWEE

bull ALL horses should be vaccinated annually in the spring prior to mosquito season

bull In Texas recommend boosting every 6 months for EEEWEE

bull Foals should receive first dose at 3-4 months of age and 2 additional doses one month apart

ENCEVACtrade Line of Equine Vaccines

bull For vaccination of healthy horses against Eastern and Western Equine Encephalomyelitis (Sleeping Sickness) Encevactrade is a formaldehyde inactivated adjuvanted bivalent equine vaccine consisting of Eastern and Western Equine Encephalomyelitis viruses

West Nile Vaccine

bull Another mosquito transmitted virusbull Humans and horses are dead-end

hostsbull Spread by mosquitoes-Culicoides spp

and some birdsbull Prevalent throughout the USbull Causes inflammation of the brain an

spinal cordbull Not contagious from horse to horse

Clinical Signs of West Nile Virus

Can varybull Feverbull Muscle tremorsbull Incoordination

ataxiabull Hypersensitivebull Facial nerve or other

paralysis

West Nile Virus

bull Mortality rate about 33

bull Associated with inability to stand prolonged recumbency

When to Vaccinate - WNV

bull Several vaccines available-Fort Dodge West Nile Innovator ndash killed-Merialrsquos RecombiTek ndash recombinant vaccine-Intervetrsquos PreveNile ndash modified live chimera vaccine

bull Annual vaccination recommendedbull In Texas and states with larger

mosquito populations may boost every 4-6 months

Equine Rhinopneumonitis Vaccine (herpes 1)

bull Pregnant mares should be vaccinated with this vaccine in the 5th 7th and 9th months of gestation to prevent a viral disease whose strains can cause upper respiratory disease abortions stillbirths and weak neonatal foals that fail to survive

Equine Influenza Vaccine

bull The duration of protective immunity from this vaccine is short-lived requiring vaccination every 2 to 3 months during periods of exposure

bull Disease outbreaks usually occur in horses 1 to 3 yrs of age after mixing with infected horses at the racetrack or showgrounds

Equine Influenza

bull Incubation period 1-3 daysbull High fever (1-5 days)bull Young horses are at riskbull Spread by aerosolized droplets

infected fomites ndash highly contagious

Equine Influenza ndash Clinical Signs

bull Cough (several weeks) and feverbull Lethargy depression reduced

appetite muscle sorenessbull Nasal dischargebull Most horses recover in 10-14 days

with supportive care

bullFLU AVERTreg Intra-nasal spray vaccine for Equine Influenza

bullIntranasal vaccine every 6 monthsbullIntramuscular vaccine every 4 monthsbullStart foals at 9 months of age

When to Vaccinate - Influenza

Strangles Vaccine

bull Respiratory disease caused by infection with Streptococcus equi

bull Spread by mucous or contaminated fomites What are fomites

bull Intranasal and IM vaccinesbull Vaccination not 100 effective but can

lessen the severity of incidencebull 2 Types Atypically (transient-cold like)

and Bastard (spread of infection to the organs)

Strangles Streptococcus equi spp equibull Transmission Ingestion or

inhalation of infected discharge

bull Horse-horse contact or fomites

bull Highly contagiousbull High morbidity low

mortalitybull Incubation period 3-5

days

Strangles ndash Clinical Signs

bull Cough fever lymph node enlargement

bull Respiratory distress due to retropharyngeal lymph node enlargement

bull Complications-Purpura-Metastatic (ldquoBastardrdquo) strangles

Vaccination for Strangles

bull Previously affected farms

bull May lessen disease severity

bull Vaccine reactions-Purpura-Abscesses if IM vaccines become contaminated

bull Annual boosterbull Intranasal vaccine

Equine Viral Arteritis

bull Vaccine induces partial to complete protection against the clinical signs of disease but if virus challenged the virus can replicate in the animals body

bull Clinical signs fever depression nasal discharge lacrimation coughing and limb swelling

Potomac Horse Fever Vaccine

bull It is believed that aquatic insects are the vectors ticks snails

bull Efficacy of the vaccine is unknownbull Prevalent in the eastern states

near large waterwaysbull Use of this vaccine is usually in

areas where it is a problem

Botulism Vaccine

bull Usually given to mares 30 days prior to foaling for the prevention of shaker foal syndrome

bull Given in areas of high incidence geographically

Botulism Clostridium botulinum

bull Causes flaccid paralysisbull Endemic in KYbull 2 Forms

1048708 Shaker foal syndrome1048708 Forage poisoning

bull Vaccinate for type B usually in broodmares

Anthrax Vaccine

bull Anthrax vaccines are available for use but are not widely used except where a genuine risk is identified

Rabies Vaccine

bull 100 FATAL in all casesbull Virus affecting the nervous systembull Vaccinate horses where wildlife

(skunks foxes raccoons bats) rabies is endemic in the Houston area

bull Spinalcord or brainstem signsbull Very very commonly vaccinated for

here in Texas

Clinical Signs of Rabies

bull Can look like anything

bull Behavioral changes blindness

bull Ataxia and incoordination

bull Feverbull Hypersalivationbull Paralysisbull Colic

Rabies

bull The rabies virus is killed by most disinfectants Only lives in dried saliva or carcass for 24 hours But it can live for days in refrigerated carcasses

When to vaccinate - Rabies

bull Incubation period 2-9 weeksbull Death in 3-5 days once signs

developbull Vaccinate once a yearbull Vaccine is safe and effective

EquiRab a rabies vaccine designed specifically for horses

Rotavirus

bull Most common cause of infectious diarrhea in foals

bull Clinical Signs- profuse watery diarrhea fever lethargy

bull Highly contagious

Rotavirus Vaccination

bull Prevention- vaccination of pregnant mares 30 days before foaling in endemic herds may confer modest protection

Vaccine Pleasure

orShow

Pregnant Mare

Pasture Horse

Boarding Facility

Weanling (gt 6 mo)

Frequency

EEEWEE X X X X X Annual

West Nile Virus

X X X X X MaySept

Rabies X X X X X Annual

Tetanus X X X X X Annual

Herpes (Rhino)

X X X +- Q 6 months

Influenza X X X +- Q 6 months

Strangles X X X +- Annual

PHF +- +- +- +- +- AprilJune

EPM

Botulism Atlantic states

Comments

High rate of

exposure

Maternal Antibodies in last 30 days of

pregnancy

Protect from non-

equine vectors

High rate of exposure

Management Practices

bull Quarantine and monitoring of new horses

bull Isolation facility and protocol

bull Requirements prior to introduction of new horse

bull Separation of groups of horses according to use susceptibility to infection

Management Practices

bull Vector controlbull Management of

sick horsesbull Keep good

records

Questions

How

bull Most vaccines are given IM (in muscle)

bull Some are available togive IN (intranasal)1048708 Influenza1048708 Strangles

Horses that are immunologically naiumlve or haveAn unknown immunization history should

Receive an initial immunizationFollowed in 4 weeks by a second

Immunization

Technician Note

Vaccine Reactions

bull Anaphylactoid reactions allergic reactions

bull Feverbull Lamenessbull Swelling or

abscess formation at the injection site

What should I vaccinate for

ALL HORSESbull Tetanusbull Encephalomyelitisbull West Nile Virusbull Rabies

MOSTPERFORMANCEbull Influenzabull Equine Herpesvirus

SOMEbull Stranglesbull Potomac Horse Feverbull Botulismbull Rotavirus

Tetanus Vaccines

bull Caused by Clostridium tetanibull The toxoid version of this vaccine is

given to immunize horses against a disease characterized by muscle rigidity and spasms that may result in respiratory arrest and convulsions

bull Administration of antitoxin to unvaccinated horses induces immediate protection that lasts approximately 2 weeks

Tetanus

bull Caused by bacteria found in soil and ingested by horses or enters a wound

bull Called ldquolockjawrdquo because it especially effects the muscles of the neck and jaw

bull Present in intestine manure and soilbull Spores can exist for years in soilbull Spores enter through wounds

lacerations umbilicus

Clinical Signs of Tetanus

bull Muscle stiffnessbull Sawhorse stancebull Third eyelid prolapsebull Lockjawbull Flaring nostrilsbull Hypersensitive to touch

Stiff legged gait The muscle of the legs become Rigid and stiff that the horse may fall and notBe able to get up again Convulsions may Occur and death is caused by paralysis

The breathing muscles

Tetanus

bull Not contagiousbull Mortality rate is highbull All horses should be

vaccinated annuallybull Tetanus toxoid vaccine is

safe and provides good protection

bull Tetanus antitoxin is for previously unvaccinated horses

When to vaccinate - Tetanus

bull Not typically seasonal vaccinate any time of year

bull Most horses in spring in combination with EEEWEE

bull Boost if wound or surgery gt6 months from last dose

Equine Encephalomyelitis Vaccinebull EEE=Eastern Equine Encephalomyelitisbull WEE=Western Equine Encephalomyelitisbull VEE=Venezuelanbull Often referred to as ldquosleeping sicknessrdquobull This vaccine protects against a viral

neurologic disease transmitted by biting insects

bull In areas where winter freezes are uncommon semiannual vaccination may be advisable

EEE is a mosquito spread disease of birds that Sometimes is transmitted via a mosquito bite

To horses and people

Encephalomyelitis

bull WEE seen throughout North America

bull EEE seen mostly in the East and Southeast prevalent in Texas

bull VEE not in US for many years ndash reportable foreign disease

Clinical Signs of Encephalomyelitis

bull Result from inflammation of the brain andor spinal cord

bull Feverbull Depressionbull Staggering gait (ataxia)bull Paralysisbull Seizures

Abnormal Mentation

Abnormal Gait - Ataxia

Encephalomyelitis

bull EEEVEE ndash mortality rate 70-90 die

bull WEE ndash mortality rate about 50

bull Vaccination is safe and generally very effective against these diseases

When to Vaccinate ndash EEEWEE

bull ALL horses should be vaccinated annually in the spring prior to mosquito season

bull In Texas recommend boosting every 6 months for EEEWEE

bull Foals should receive first dose at 3-4 months of age and 2 additional doses one month apart

ENCEVACtrade Line of Equine Vaccines

bull For vaccination of healthy horses against Eastern and Western Equine Encephalomyelitis (Sleeping Sickness) Encevactrade is a formaldehyde inactivated adjuvanted bivalent equine vaccine consisting of Eastern and Western Equine Encephalomyelitis viruses

West Nile Vaccine

bull Another mosquito transmitted virusbull Humans and horses are dead-end

hostsbull Spread by mosquitoes-Culicoides spp

and some birdsbull Prevalent throughout the USbull Causes inflammation of the brain an

spinal cordbull Not contagious from horse to horse

Clinical Signs of West Nile Virus

Can varybull Feverbull Muscle tremorsbull Incoordination

ataxiabull Hypersensitivebull Facial nerve or other

paralysis

West Nile Virus

bull Mortality rate about 33

bull Associated with inability to stand prolonged recumbency

When to Vaccinate - WNV

bull Several vaccines available-Fort Dodge West Nile Innovator ndash killed-Merialrsquos RecombiTek ndash recombinant vaccine-Intervetrsquos PreveNile ndash modified live chimera vaccine

bull Annual vaccination recommendedbull In Texas and states with larger

mosquito populations may boost every 4-6 months

Equine Rhinopneumonitis Vaccine (herpes 1)

bull Pregnant mares should be vaccinated with this vaccine in the 5th 7th and 9th months of gestation to prevent a viral disease whose strains can cause upper respiratory disease abortions stillbirths and weak neonatal foals that fail to survive

Equine Influenza Vaccine

bull The duration of protective immunity from this vaccine is short-lived requiring vaccination every 2 to 3 months during periods of exposure

bull Disease outbreaks usually occur in horses 1 to 3 yrs of age after mixing with infected horses at the racetrack or showgrounds

Equine Influenza

bull Incubation period 1-3 daysbull High fever (1-5 days)bull Young horses are at riskbull Spread by aerosolized droplets

infected fomites ndash highly contagious

Equine Influenza ndash Clinical Signs

bull Cough (several weeks) and feverbull Lethargy depression reduced

appetite muscle sorenessbull Nasal dischargebull Most horses recover in 10-14 days

with supportive care

bullFLU AVERTreg Intra-nasal spray vaccine for Equine Influenza

bullIntranasal vaccine every 6 monthsbullIntramuscular vaccine every 4 monthsbullStart foals at 9 months of age

When to Vaccinate - Influenza

Strangles Vaccine

bull Respiratory disease caused by infection with Streptococcus equi

bull Spread by mucous or contaminated fomites What are fomites

bull Intranasal and IM vaccinesbull Vaccination not 100 effective but can

lessen the severity of incidencebull 2 Types Atypically (transient-cold like)

and Bastard (spread of infection to the organs)

Strangles Streptococcus equi spp equibull Transmission Ingestion or

inhalation of infected discharge

bull Horse-horse contact or fomites

bull Highly contagiousbull High morbidity low

mortalitybull Incubation period 3-5

days

Strangles ndash Clinical Signs

bull Cough fever lymph node enlargement

bull Respiratory distress due to retropharyngeal lymph node enlargement

bull Complications-Purpura-Metastatic (ldquoBastardrdquo) strangles

Vaccination for Strangles

bull Previously affected farms

bull May lessen disease severity

bull Vaccine reactions-Purpura-Abscesses if IM vaccines become contaminated

bull Annual boosterbull Intranasal vaccine

Equine Viral Arteritis

bull Vaccine induces partial to complete protection against the clinical signs of disease but if virus challenged the virus can replicate in the animals body

bull Clinical signs fever depression nasal discharge lacrimation coughing and limb swelling

Potomac Horse Fever Vaccine

bull It is believed that aquatic insects are the vectors ticks snails

bull Efficacy of the vaccine is unknownbull Prevalent in the eastern states

near large waterwaysbull Use of this vaccine is usually in

areas where it is a problem

Botulism Vaccine

bull Usually given to mares 30 days prior to foaling for the prevention of shaker foal syndrome

bull Given in areas of high incidence geographically

Botulism Clostridium botulinum

bull Causes flaccid paralysisbull Endemic in KYbull 2 Forms

1048708 Shaker foal syndrome1048708 Forage poisoning

bull Vaccinate for type B usually in broodmares

Anthrax Vaccine

bull Anthrax vaccines are available for use but are not widely used except where a genuine risk is identified

Rabies Vaccine

bull 100 FATAL in all casesbull Virus affecting the nervous systembull Vaccinate horses where wildlife

(skunks foxes raccoons bats) rabies is endemic in the Houston area

bull Spinalcord or brainstem signsbull Very very commonly vaccinated for

here in Texas

Clinical Signs of Rabies

bull Can look like anything

bull Behavioral changes blindness

bull Ataxia and incoordination

bull Feverbull Hypersalivationbull Paralysisbull Colic

Rabies

bull The rabies virus is killed by most disinfectants Only lives in dried saliva or carcass for 24 hours But it can live for days in refrigerated carcasses

When to vaccinate - Rabies

bull Incubation period 2-9 weeksbull Death in 3-5 days once signs

developbull Vaccinate once a yearbull Vaccine is safe and effective

EquiRab a rabies vaccine designed specifically for horses

Rotavirus

bull Most common cause of infectious diarrhea in foals

bull Clinical Signs- profuse watery diarrhea fever lethargy

bull Highly contagious

Rotavirus Vaccination

bull Prevention- vaccination of pregnant mares 30 days before foaling in endemic herds may confer modest protection

Vaccine Pleasure

orShow

Pregnant Mare

Pasture Horse

Boarding Facility

Weanling (gt 6 mo)

Frequency

EEEWEE X X X X X Annual

West Nile Virus

X X X X X MaySept

Rabies X X X X X Annual

Tetanus X X X X X Annual

Herpes (Rhino)

X X X +- Q 6 months

Influenza X X X +- Q 6 months

Strangles X X X +- Annual

PHF +- +- +- +- +- AprilJune

EPM

Botulism Atlantic states

Comments

High rate of

exposure

Maternal Antibodies in last 30 days of

pregnancy

Protect from non-

equine vectors

High rate of exposure

Management Practices

bull Quarantine and monitoring of new horses

bull Isolation facility and protocol

bull Requirements prior to introduction of new horse

bull Separation of groups of horses according to use susceptibility to infection

Management Practices

bull Vector controlbull Management of

sick horsesbull Keep good

records

Questions

Horses that are immunologically naiumlve or haveAn unknown immunization history should

Receive an initial immunizationFollowed in 4 weeks by a second

Immunization

Technician Note

Vaccine Reactions

bull Anaphylactoid reactions allergic reactions

bull Feverbull Lamenessbull Swelling or

abscess formation at the injection site

What should I vaccinate for

ALL HORSESbull Tetanusbull Encephalomyelitisbull West Nile Virusbull Rabies

MOSTPERFORMANCEbull Influenzabull Equine Herpesvirus

SOMEbull Stranglesbull Potomac Horse Feverbull Botulismbull Rotavirus

Tetanus Vaccines

bull Caused by Clostridium tetanibull The toxoid version of this vaccine is

given to immunize horses against a disease characterized by muscle rigidity and spasms that may result in respiratory arrest and convulsions

bull Administration of antitoxin to unvaccinated horses induces immediate protection that lasts approximately 2 weeks

Tetanus

bull Caused by bacteria found in soil and ingested by horses or enters a wound

bull Called ldquolockjawrdquo because it especially effects the muscles of the neck and jaw

bull Present in intestine manure and soilbull Spores can exist for years in soilbull Spores enter through wounds

lacerations umbilicus

Clinical Signs of Tetanus

bull Muscle stiffnessbull Sawhorse stancebull Third eyelid prolapsebull Lockjawbull Flaring nostrilsbull Hypersensitive to touch

Stiff legged gait The muscle of the legs become Rigid and stiff that the horse may fall and notBe able to get up again Convulsions may Occur and death is caused by paralysis

The breathing muscles

Tetanus

bull Not contagiousbull Mortality rate is highbull All horses should be

vaccinated annuallybull Tetanus toxoid vaccine is

safe and provides good protection

bull Tetanus antitoxin is for previously unvaccinated horses

When to vaccinate - Tetanus

bull Not typically seasonal vaccinate any time of year

bull Most horses in spring in combination with EEEWEE

bull Boost if wound or surgery gt6 months from last dose

Equine Encephalomyelitis Vaccinebull EEE=Eastern Equine Encephalomyelitisbull WEE=Western Equine Encephalomyelitisbull VEE=Venezuelanbull Often referred to as ldquosleeping sicknessrdquobull This vaccine protects against a viral

neurologic disease transmitted by biting insects

bull In areas where winter freezes are uncommon semiannual vaccination may be advisable

EEE is a mosquito spread disease of birds that Sometimes is transmitted via a mosquito bite

To horses and people

Encephalomyelitis

bull WEE seen throughout North America

bull EEE seen mostly in the East and Southeast prevalent in Texas

bull VEE not in US for many years ndash reportable foreign disease

Clinical Signs of Encephalomyelitis

bull Result from inflammation of the brain andor spinal cord

bull Feverbull Depressionbull Staggering gait (ataxia)bull Paralysisbull Seizures

Abnormal Mentation

Abnormal Gait - Ataxia

Encephalomyelitis

bull EEEVEE ndash mortality rate 70-90 die

bull WEE ndash mortality rate about 50

bull Vaccination is safe and generally very effective against these diseases

When to Vaccinate ndash EEEWEE

bull ALL horses should be vaccinated annually in the spring prior to mosquito season

bull In Texas recommend boosting every 6 months for EEEWEE

bull Foals should receive first dose at 3-4 months of age and 2 additional doses one month apart

ENCEVACtrade Line of Equine Vaccines

bull For vaccination of healthy horses against Eastern and Western Equine Encephalomyelitis (Sleeping Sickness) Encevactrade is a formaldehyde inactivated adjuvanted bivalent equine vaccine consisting of Eastern and Western Equine Encephalomyelitis viruses

West Nile Vaccine

bull Another mosquito transmitted virusbull Humans and horses are dead-end

hostsbull Spread by mosquitoes-Culicoides spp

and some birdsbull Prevalent throughout the USbull Causes inflammation of the brain an

spinal cordbull Not contagious from horse to horse

Clinical Signs of West Nile Virus

Can varybull Feverbull Muscle tremorsbull Incoordination

ataxiabull Hypersensitivebull Facial nerve or other

paralysis

West Nile Virus

bull Mortality rate about 33

bull Associated with inability to stand prolonged recumbency

When to Vaccinate - WNV

bull Several vaccines available-Fort Dodge West Nile Innovator ndash killed-Merialrsquos RecombiTek ndash recombinant vaccine-Intervetrsquos PreveNile ndash modified live chimera vaccine

bull Annual vaccination recommendedbull In Texas and states with larger

mosquito populations may boost every 4-6 months

Equine Rhinopneumonitis Vaccine (herpes 1)

bull Pregnant mares should be vaccinated with this vaccine in the 5th 7th and 9th months of gestation to prevent a viral disease whose strains can cause upper respiratory disease abortions stillbirths and weak neonatal foals that fail to survive

Equine Influenza Vaccine

bull The duration of protective immunity from this vaccine is short-lived requiring vaccination every 2 to 3 months during periods of exposure

bull Disease outbreaks usually occur in horses 1 to 3 yrs of age after mixing with infected horses at the racetrack or showgrounds

Equine Influenza

bull Incubation period 1-3 daysbull High fever (1-5 days)bull Young horses are at riskbull Spread by aerosolized droplets

infected fomites ndash highly contagious

Equine Influenza ndash Clinical Signs

bull Cough (several weeks) and feverbull Lethargy depression reduced

appetite muscle sorenessbull Nasal dischargebull Most horses recover in 10-14 days

with supportive care

bullFLU AVERTreg Intra-nasal spray vaccine for Equine Influenza

bullIntranasal vaccine every 6 monthsbullIntramuscular vaccine every 4 monthsbullStart foals at 9 months of age

When to Vaccinate - Influenza

Strangles Vaccine

bull Respiratory disease caused by infection with Streptococcus equi

bull Spread by mucous or contaminated fomites What are fomites

bull Intranasal and IM vaccinesbull Vaccination not 100 effective but can

lessen the severity of incidencebull 2 Types Atypically (transient-cold like)

and Bastard (spread of infection to the organs)

Strangles Streptococcus equi spp equibull Transmission Ingestion or

inhalation of infected discharge

bull Horse-horse contact or fomites

bull Highly contagiousbull High morbidity low

mortalitybull Incubation period 3-5

days

Strangles ndash Clinical Signs

bull Cough fever lymph node enlargement

bull Respiratory distress due to retropharyngeal lymph node enlargement

bull Complications-Purpura-Metastatic (ldquoBastardrdquo) strangles

Vaccination for Strangles

bull Previously affected farms

bull May lessen disease severity

bull Vaccine reactions-Purpura-Abscesses if IM vaccines become contaminated

bull Annual boosterbull Intranasal vaccine

Equine Viral Arteritis

bull Vaccine induces partial to complete protection against the clinical signs of disease but if virus challenged the virus can replicate in the animals body

bull Clinical signs fever depression nasal discharge lacrimation coughing and limb swelling

Potomac Horse Fever Vaccine

bull It is believed that aquatic insects are the vectors ticks snails

bull Efficacy of the vaccine is unknownbull Prevalent in the eastern states

near large waterwaysbull Use of this vaccine is usually in

areas where it is a problem

Botulism Vaccine

bull Usually given to mares 30 days prior to foaling for the prevention of shaker foal syndrome

bull Given in areas of high incidence geographically

Botulism Clostridium botulinum

bull Causes flaccid paralysisbull Endemic in KYbull 2 Forms

1048708 Shaker foal syndrome1048708 Forage poisoning

bull Vaccinate for type B usually in broodmares

Anthrax Vaccine

bull Anthrax vaccines are available for use but are not widely used except where a genuine risk is identified

Rabies Vaccine

bull 100 FATAL in all casesbull Virus affecting the nervous systembull Vaccinate horses where wildlife

(skunks foxes raccoons bats) rabies is endemic in the Houston area

bull Spinalcord or brainstem signsbull Very very commonly vaccinated for

here in Texas

Clinical Signs of Rabies

bull Can look like anything

bull Behavioral changes blindness

bull Ataxia and incoordination

bull Feverbull Hypersalivationbull Paralysisbull Colic

Rabies

bull The rabies virus is killed by most disinfectants Only lives in dried saliva or carcass for 24 hours But it can live for days in refrigerated carcasses

When to vaccinate - Rabies

bull Incubation period 2-9 weeksbull Death in 3-5 days once signs

developbull Vaccinate once a yearbull Vaccine is safe and effective

EquiRab a rabies vaccine designed specifically for horses

Rotavirus

bull Most common cause of infectious diarrhea in foals

bull Clinical Signs- profuse watery diarrhea fever lethargy

bull Highly contagious

Rotavirus Vaccination

bull Prevention- vaccination of pregnant mares 30 days before foaling in endemic herds may confer modest protection

Vaccine Pleasure

orShow

Pregnant Mare

Pasture Horse

Boarding Facility

Weanling (gt 6 mo)

Frequency

EEEWEE X X X X X Annual

West Nile Virus

X X X X X MaySept

Rabies X X X X X Annual

Tetanus X X X X X Annual

Herpes (Rhino)

X X X +- Q 6 months

Influenza X X X +- Q 6 months

Strangles X X X +- Annual

PHF +- +- +- +- +- AprilJune

EPM

Botulism Atlantic states

Comments

High rate of

exposure

Maternal Antibodies in last 30 days of

pregnancy

Protect from non-

equine vectors

High rate of exposure

Management Practices

bull Quarantine and monitoring of new horses

bull Isolation facility and protocol

bull Requirements prior to introduction of new horse

bull Separation of groups of horses according to use susceptibility to infection

Management Practices

bull Vector controlbull Management of

sick horsesbull Keep good

records

Questions

Vaccine Reactions

bull Anaphylactoid reactions allergic reactions

bull Feverbull Lamenessbull Swelling or

abscess formation at the injection site

What should I vaccinate for

ALL HORSESbull Tetanusbull Encephalomyelitisbull West Nile Virusbull Rabies

MOSTPERFORMANCEbull Influenzabull Equine Herpesvirus

SOMEbull Stranglesbull Potomac Horse Feverbull Botulismbull Rotavirus

Tetanus Vaccines

bull Caused by Clostridium tetanibull The toxoid version of this vaccine is

given to immunize horses against a disease characterized by muscle rigidity and spasms that may result in respiratory arrest and convulsions

bull Administration of antitoxin to unvaccinated horses induces immediate protection that lasts approximately 2 weeks

Tetanus

bull Caused by bacteria found in soil and ingested by horses or enters a wound

bull Called ldquolockjawrdquo because it especially effects the muscles of the neck and jaw

bull Present in intestine manure and soilbull Spores can exist for years in soilbull Spores enter through wounds

lacerations umbilicus

Clinical Signs of Tetanus

bull Muscle stiffnessbull Sawhorse stancebull Third eyelid prolapsebull Lockjawbull Flaring nostrilsbull Hypersensitive to touch

Stiff legged gait The muscle of the legs become Rigid and stiff that the horse may fall and notBe able to get up again Convulsions may Occur and death is caused by paralysis

The breathing muscles

Tetanus

bull Not contagiousbull Mortality rate is highbull All horses should be

vaccinated annuallybull Tetanus toxoid vaccine is

safe and provides good protection

bull Tetanus antitoxin is for previously unvaccinated horses

When to vaccinate - Tetanus

bull Not typically seasonal vaccinate any time of year

bull Most horses in spring in combination with EEEWEE

bull Boost if wound or surgery gt6 months from last dose

Equine Encephalomyelitis Vaccinebull EEE=Eastern Equine Encephalomyelitisbull WEE=Western Equine Encephalomyelitisbull VEE=Venezuelanbull Often referred to as ldquosleeping sicknessrdquobull This vaccine protects against a viral

neurologic disease transmitted by biting insects

bull In areas where winter freezes are uncommon semiannual vaccination may be advisable

EEE is a mosquito spread disease of birds that Sometimes is transmitted via a mosquito bite

To horses and people

Encephalomyelitis

bull WEE seen throughout North America

bull EEE seen mostly in the East and Southeast prevalent in Texas

bull VEE not in US for many years ndash reportable foreign disease

Clinical Signs of Encephalomyelitis

bull Result from inflammation of the brain andor spinal cord

bull Feverbull Depressionbull Staggering gait (ataxia)bull Paralysisbull Seizures

Abnormal Mentation

Abnormal Gait - Ataxia

Encephalomyelitis

bull EEEVEE ndash mortality rate 70-90 die

bull WEE ndash mortality rate about 50

bull Vaccination is safe and generally very effective against these diseases

When to Vaccinate ndash EEEWEE

bull ALL horses should be vaccinated annually in the spring prior to mosquito season

bull In Texas recommend boosting every 6 months for EEEWEE

bull Foals should receive first dose at 3-4 months of age and 2 additional doses one month apart

ENCEVACtrade Line of Equine Vaccines

bull For vaccination of healthy horses against Eastern and Western Equine Encephalomyelitis (Sleeping Sickness) Encevactrade is a formaldehyde inactivated adjuvanted bivalent equine vaccine consisting of Eastern and Western Equine Encephalomyelitis viruses

West Nile Vaccine

bull Another mosquito transmitted virusbull Humans and horses are dead-end

hostsbull Spread by mosquitoes-Culicoides spp

and some birdsbull Prevalent throughout the USbull Causes inflammation of the brain an

spinal cordbull Not contagious from horse to horse

Clinical Signs of West Nile Virus

Can varybull Feverbull Muscle tremorsbull Incoordination

ataxiabull Hypersensitivebull Facial nerve or other

paralysis

West Nile Virus

bull Mortality rate about 33

bull Associated with inability to stand prolonged recumbency

When to Vaccinate - WNV

bull Several vaccines available-Fort Dodge West Nile Innovator ndash killed-Merialrsquos RecombiTek ndash recombinant vaccine-Intervetrsquos PreveNile ndash modified live chimera vaccine

bull Annual vaccination recommendedbull In Texas and states with larger

mosquito populations may boost every 4-6 months

Equine Rhinopneumonitis Vaccine (herpes 1)

bull Pregnant mares should be vaccinated with this vaccine in the 5th 7th and 9th months of gestation to prevent a viral disease whose strains can cause upper respiratory disease abortions stillbirths and weak neonatal foals that fail to survive

Equine Influenza Vaccine

bull The duration of protective immunity from this vaccine is short-lived requiring vaccination every 2 to 3 months during periods of exposure

bull Disease outbreaks usually occur in horses 1 to 3 yrs of age after mixing with infected horses at the racetrack or showgrounds

Equine Influenza

bull Incubation period 1-3 daysbull High fever (1-5 days)bull Young horses are at riskbull Spread by aerosolized droplets

infected fomites ndash highly contagious

Equine Influenza ndash Clinical Signs

bull Cough (several weeks) and feverbull Lethargy depression reduced

appetite muscle sorenessbull Nasal dischargebull Most horses recover in 10-14 days

with supportive care

bullFLU AVERTreg Intra-nasal spray vaccine for Equine Influenza

bullIntranasal vaccine every 6 monthsbullIntramuscular vaccine every 4 monthsbullStart foals at 9 months of age

When to Vaccinate - Influenza

Strangles Vaccine

bull Respiratory disease caused by infection with Streptococcus equi

bull Spread by mucous or contaminated fomites What are fomites

bull Intranasal and IM vaccinesbull Vaccination not 100 effective but can

lessen the severity of incidencebull 2 Types Atypically (transient-cold like)

and Bastard (spread of infection to the organs)

Strangles Streptococcus equi spp equibull Transmission Ingestion or

inhalation of infected discharge

bull Horse-horse contact or fomites

bull Highly contagiousbull High morbidity low

mortalitybull Incubation period 3-5

days

Strangles ndash Clinical Signs

bull Cough fever lymph node enlargement

bull Respiratory distress due to retropharyngeal lymph node enlargement

bull Complications-Purpura-Metastatic (ldquoBastardrdquo) strangles

Vaccination for Strangles

bull Previously affected farms

bull May lessen disease severity

bull Vaccine reactions-Purpura-Abscesses if IM vaccines become contaminated

bull Annual boosterbull Intranasal vaccine

Equine Viral Arteritis

bull Vaccine induces partial to complete protection against the clinical signs of disease but if virus challenged the virus can replicate in the animals body

bull Clinical signs fever depression nasal discharge lacrimation coughing and limb swelling

Potomac Horse Fever Vaccine

bull It is believed that aquatic insects are the vectors ticks snails

bull Efficacy of the vaccine is unknownbull Prevalent in the eastern states

near large waterwaysbull Use of this vaccine is usually in

areas where it is a problem

Botulism Vaccine

bull Usually given to mares 30 days prior to foaling for the prevention of shaker foal syndrome

bull Given in areas of high incidence geographically

Botulism Clostridium botulinum

bull Causes flaccid paralysisbull Endemic in KYbull 2 Forms

1048708 Shaker foal syndrome1048708 Forage poisoning

bull Vaccinate for type B usually in broodmares

Anthrax Vaccine

bull Anthrax vaccines are available for use but are not widely used except where a genuine risk is identified

Rabies Vaccine

bull 100 FATAL in all casesbull Virus affecting the nervous systembull Vaccinate horses where wildlife

(skunks foxes raccoons bats) rabies is endemic in the Houston area

bull Spinalcord or brainstem signsbull Very very commonly vaccinated for

here in Texas

Clinical Signs of Rabies

bull Can look like anything

bull Behavioral changes blindness

bull Ataxia and incoordination

bull Feverbull Hypersalivationbull Paralysisbull Colic

Rabies

bull The rabies virus is killed by most disinfectants Only lives in dried saliva or carcass for 24 hours But it can live for days in refrigerated carcasses

When to vaccinate - Rabies

bull Incubation period 2-9 weeksbull Death in 3-5 days once signs

developbull Vaccinate once a yearbull Vaccine is safe and effective

EquiRab a rabies vaccine designed specifically for horses

Rotavirus

bull Most common cause of infectious diarrhea in foals

bull Clinical Signs- profuse watery diarrhea fever lethargy

bull Highly contagious

Rotavirus Vaccination

bull Prevention- vaccination of pregnant mares 30 days before foaling in endemic herds may confer modest protection

Vaccine Pleasure

orShow

Pregnant Mare

Pasture Horse

Boarding Facility

Weanling (gt 6 mo)

Frequency

EEEWEE X X X X X Annual

West Nile Virus

X X X X X MaySept

Rabies X X X X X Annual

Tetanus X X X X X Annual

Herpes (Rhino)

X X X +- Q 6 months

Influenza X X X +- Q 6 months

Strangles X X X +- Annual

PHF +- +- +- +- +- AprilJune

EPM

Botulism Atlantic states

Comments

High rate of

exposure

Maternal Antibodies in last 30 days of

pregnancy

Protect from non-

equine vectors

High rate of exposure

Management Practices

bull Quarantine and monitoring of new horses

bull Isolation facility and protocol

bull Requirements prior to introduction of new horse

bull Separation of groups of horses according to use susceptibility to infection

Management Practices

bull Vector controlbull Management of

sick horsesbull Keep good

records

Questions

What should I vaccinate for

ALL HORSESbull Tetanusbull Encephalomyelitisbull West Nile Virusbull Rabies

MOSTPERFORMANCEbull Influenzabull Equine Herpesvirus

SOMEbull Stranglesbull Potomac Horse Feverbull Botulismbull Rotavirus

Tetanus Vaccines

bull Caused by Clostridium tetanibull The toxoid version of this vaccine is

given to immunize horses against a disease characterized by muscle rigidity and spasms that may result in respiratory arrest and convulsions

bull Administration of antitoxin to unvaccinated horses induces immediate protection that lasts approximately 2 weeks

Tetanus

bull Caused by bacteria found in soil and ingested by horses or enters a wound

bull Called ldquolockjawrdquo because it especially effects the muscles of the neck and jaw

bull Present in intestine manure and soilbull Spores can exist for years in soilbull Spores enter through wounds

lacerations umbilicus

Clinical Signs of Tetanus

bull Muscle stiffnessbull Sawhorse stancebull Third eyelid prolapsebull Lockjawbull Flaring nostrilsbull Hypersensitive to touch

Stiff legged gait The muscle of the legs become Rigid and stiff that the horse may fall and notBe able to get up again Convulsions may Occur and death is caused by paralysis

The breathing muscles

Tetanus

bull Not contagiousbull Mortality rate is highbull All horses should be

vaccinated annuallybull Tetanus toxoid vaccine is

safe and provides good protection

bull Tetanus antitoxin is for previously unvaccinated horses

When to vaccinate - Tetanus

bull Not typically seasonal vaccinate any time of year

bull Most horses in spring in combination with EEEWEE

bull Boost if wound or surgery gt6 months from last dose

Equine Encephalomyelitis Vaccinebull EEE=Eastern Equine Encephalomyelitisbull WEE=Western Equine Encephalomyelitisbull VEE=Venezuelanbull Often referred to as ldquosleeping sicknessrdquobull This vaccine protects against a viral

neurologic disease transmitted by biting insects

bull In areas where winter freezes are uncommon semiannual vaccination may be advisable

EEE is a mosquito spread disease of birds that Sometimes is transmitted via a mosquito bite

To horses and people

Encephalomyelitis

bull WEE seen throughout North America

bull EEE seen mostly in the East and Southeast prevalent in Texas

bull VEE not in US for many years ndash reportable foreign disease

Clinical Signs of Encephalomyelitis

bull Result from inflammation of the brain andor spinal cord

bull Feverbull Depressionbull Staggering gait (ataxia)bull Paralysisbull Seizures

Abnormal Mentation

Abnormal Gait - Ataxia

Encephalomyelitis

bull EEEVEE ndash mortality rate 70-90 die

bull WEE ndash mortality rate about 50

bull Vaccination is safe and generally very effective against these diseases

When to Vaccinate ndash EEEWEE

bull ALL horses should be vaccinated annually in the spring prior to mosquito season

bull In Texas recommend boosting every 6 months for EEEWEE

bull Foals should receive first dose at 3-4 months of age and 2 additional doses one month apart

ENCEVACtrade Line of Equine Vaccines

bull For vaccination of healthy horses against Eastern and Western Equine Encephalomyelitis (Sleeping Sickness) Encevactrade is a formaldehyde inactivated adjuvanted bivalent equine vaccine consisting of Eastern and Western Equine Encephalomyelitis viruses

West Nile Vaccine

bull Another mosquito transmitted virusbull Humans and horses are dead-end

hostsbull Spread by mosquitoes-Culicoides spp

and some birdsbull Prevalent throughout the USbull Causes inflammation of the brain an

spinal cordbull Not contagious from horse to horse

Clinical Signs of West Nile Virus

Can varybull Feverbull Muscle tremorsbull Incoordination

ataxiabull Hypersensitivebull Facial nerve or other

paralysis

West Nile Virus

bull Mortality rate about 33

bull Associated with inability to stand prolonged recumbency

When to Vaccinate - WNV

bull Several vaccines available-Fort Dodge West Nile Innovator ndash killed-Merialrsquos RecombiTek ndash recombinant vaccine-Intervetrsquos PreveNile ndash modified live chimera vaccine

bull Annual vaccination recommendedbull In Texas and states with larger

mosquito populations may boost every 4-6 months

Equine Rhinopneumonitis Vaccine (herpes 1)

bull Pregnant mares should be vaccinated with this vaccine in the 5th 7th and 9th months of gestation to prevent a viral disease whose strains can cause upper respiratory disease abortions stillbirths and weak neonatal foals that fail to survive

Equine Influenza Vaccine

bull The duration of protective immunity from this vaccine is short-lived requiring vaccination every 2 to 3 months during periods of exposure

bull Disease outbreaks usually occur in horses 1 to 3 yrs of age after mixing with infected horses at the racetrack or showgrounds

Equine Influenza

bull Incubation period 1-3 daysbull High fever (1-5 days)bull Young horses are at riskbull Spread by aerosolized droplets

infected fomites ndash highly contagious

Equine Influenza ndash Clinical Signs

bull Cough (several weeks) and feverbull Lethargy depression reduced

appetite muscle sorenessbull Nasal dischargebull Most horses recover in 10-14 days

with supportive care

bullFLU AVERTreg Intra-nasal spray vaccine for Equine Influenza

bullIntranasal vaccine every 6 monthsbullIntramuscular vaccine every 4 monthsbullStart foals at 9 months of age

When to Vaccinate - Influenza

Strangles Vaccine

bull Respiratory disease caused by infection with Streptococcus equi

bull Spread by mucous or contaminated fomites What are fomites

bull Intranasal and IM vaccinesbull Vaccination not 100 effective but can

lessen the severity of incidencebull 2 Types Atypically (transient-cold like)

and Bastard (spread of infection to the organs)

Strangles Streptococcus equi spp equibull Transmission Ingestion or

inhalation of infected discharge

bull Horse-horse contact or fomites

bull Highly contagiousbull High morbidity low

mortalitybull Incubation period 3-5

days

Strangles ndash Clinical Signs

bull Cough fever lymph node enlargement

bull Respiratory distress due to retropharyngeal lymph node enlargement

bull Complications-Purpura-Metastatic (ldquoBastardrdquo) strangles

Vaccination for Strangles

bull Previously affected farms

bull May lessen disease severity

bull Vaccine reactions-Purpura-Abscesses if IM vaccines become contaminated

bull Annual boosterbull Intranasal vaccine

Equine Viral Arteritis

bull Vaccine induces partial to complete protection against the clinical signs of disease but if virus challenged the virus can replicate in the animals body

bull Clinical signs fever depression nasal discharge lacrimation coughing and limb swelling

Potomac Horse Fever Vaccine

bull It is believed that aquatic insects are the vectors ticks snails

bull Efficacy of the vaccine is unknownbull Prevalent in the eastern states

near large waterwaysbull Use of this vaccine is usually in

areas where it is a problem

Botulism Vaccine

bull Usually given to mares 30 days prior to foaling for the prevention of shaker foal syndrome

bull Given in areas of high incidence geographically

Botulism Clostridium botulinum

bull Causes flaccid paralysisbull Endemic in KYbull 2 Forms

1048708 Shaker foal syndrome1048708 Forage poisoning

bull Vaccinate for type B usually in broodmares

Anthrax Vaccine

bull Anthrax vaccines are available for use but are not widely used except where a genuine risk is identified

Rabies Vaccine

bull 100 FATAL in all casesbull Virus affecting the nervous systembull Vaccinate horses where wildlife

(skunks foxes raccoons bats) rabies is endemic in the Houston area

bull Spinalcord or brainstem signsbull Very very commonly vaccinated for

here in Texas

Clinical Signs of Rabies

bull Can look like anything

bull Behavioral changes blindness

bull Ataxia and incoordination

bull Feverbull Hypersalivationbull Paralysisbull Colic

Rabies

bull The rabies virus is killed by most disinfectants Only lives in dried saliva or carcass for 24 hours But it can live for days in refrigerated carcasses

When to vaccinate - Rabies

bull Incubation period 2-9 weeksbull Death in 3-5 days once signs

developbull Vaccinate once a yearbull Vaccine is safe and effective

EquiRab a rabies vaccine designed specifically for horses

Rotavirus

bull Most common cause of infectious diarrhea in foals

bull Clinical Signs- profuse watery diarrhea fever lethargy

bull Highly contagious

Rotavirus Vaccination

bull Prevention- vaccination of pregnant mares 30 days before foaling in endemic herds may confer modest protection

Vaccine Pleasure

orShow

Pregnant Mare

Pasture Horse

Boarding Facility

Weanling (gt 6 mo)

Frequency

EEEWEE X X X X X Annual

West Nile Virus

X X X X X MaySept

Rabies X X X X X Annual

Tetanus X X X X X Annual

Herpes (Rhino)

X X X +- Q 6 months

Influenza X X X +- Q 6 months

Strangles X X X +- Annual

PHF +- +- +- +- +- AprilJune

EPM

Botulism Atlantic states

Comments

High rate of

exposure

Maternal Antibodies in last 30 days of

pregnancy

Protect from non-

equine vectors

High rate of exposure

Management Practices

bull Quarantine and monitoring of new horses

bull Isolation facility and protocol

bull Requirements prior to introduction of new horse

bull Separation of groups of horses according to use susceptibility to infection

Management Practices

bull Vector controlbull Management of

sick horsesbull Keep good

records

Questions

Tetanus Vaccines

bull Caused by Clostridium tetanibull The toxoid version of this vaccine is

given to immunize horses against a disease characterized by muscle rigidity and spasms that may result in respiratory arrest and convulsions

bull Administration of antitoxin to unvaccinated horses induces immediate protection that lasts approximately 2 weeks

Tetanus

bull Caused by bacteria found in soil and ingested by horses or enters a wound

bull Called ldquolockjawrdquo because it especially effects the muscles of the neck and jaw

bull Present in intestine manure and soilbull Spores can exist for years in soilbull Spores enter through wounds

lacerations umbilicus

Clinical Signs of Tetanus

bull Muscle stiffnessbull Sawhorse stancebull Third eyelid prolapsebull Lockjawbull Flaring nostrilsbull Hypersensitive to touch

Stiff legged gait The muscle of the legs become Rigid and stiff that the horse may fall and notBe able to get up again Convulsions may Occur and death is caused by paralysis

The breathing muscles

Tetanus

bull Not contagiousbull Mortality rate is highbull All horses should be

vaccinated annuallybull Tetanus toxoid vaccine is

safe and provides good protection

bull Tetanus antitoxin is for previously unvaccinated horses

When to vaccinate - Tetanus

bull Not typically seasonal vaccinate any time of year

bull Most horses in spring in combination with EEEWEE

bull Boost if wound or surgery gt6 months from last dose

Equine Encephalomyelitis Vaccinebull EEE=Eastern Equine Encephalomyelitisbull WEE=Western Equine Encephalomyelitisbull VEE=Venezuelanbull Often referred to as ldquosleeping sicknessrdquobull This vaccine protects against a viral

neurologic disease transmitted by biting insects

bull In areas where winter freezes are uncommon semiannual vaccination may be advisable

EEE is a mosquito spread disease of birds that Sometimes is transmitted via a mosquito bite

To horses and people

Encephalomyelitis

bull WEE seen throughout North America

bull EEE seen mostly in the East and Southeast prevalent in Texas

bull VEE not in US for many years ndash reportable foreign disease

Clinical Signs of Encephalomyelitis

bull Result from inflammation of the brain andor spinal cord

bull Feverbull Depressionbull Staggering gait (ataxia)bull Paralysisbull Seizures

Abnormal Mentation

Abnormal Gait - Ataxia

Encephalomyelitis

bull EEEVEE ndash mortality rate 70-90 die

bull WEE ndash mortality rate about 50

bull Vaccination is safe and generally very effective against these diseases

When to Vaccinate ndash EEEWEE

bull ALL horses should be vaccinated annually in the spring prior to mosquito season

bull In Texas recommend boosting every 6 months for EEEWEE

bull Foals should receive first dose at 3-4 months of age and 2 additional doses one month apart

ENCEVACtrade Line of Equine Vaccines

bull For vaccination of healthy horses against Eastern and Western Equine Encephalomyelitis (Sleeping Sickness) Encevactrade is a formaldehyde inactivated adjuvanted bivalent equine vaccine consisting of Eastern and Western Equine Encephalomyelitis viruses

West Nile Vaccine

bull Another mosquito transmitted virusbull Humans and horses are dead-end

hostsbull Spread by mosquitoes-Culicoides spp

and some birdsbull Prevalent throughout the USbull Causes inflammation of the brain an

spinal cordbull Not contagious from horse to horse

Clinical Signs of West Nile Virus

Can varybull Feverbull Muscle tremorsbull Incoordination

ataxiabull Hypersensitivebull Facial nerve or other

paralysis

West Nile Virus

bull Mortality rate about 33

bull Associated with inability to stand prolonged recumbency

When to Vaccinate - WNV

bull Several vaccines available-Fort Dodge West Nile Innovator ndash killed-Merialrsquos RecombiTek ndash recombinant vaccine-Intervetrsquos PreveNile ndash modified live chimera vaccine

bull Annual vaccination recommendedbull In Texas and states with larger

mosquito populations may boost every 4-6 months

Equine Rhinopneumonitis Vaccine (herpes 1)

bull Pregnant mares should be vaccinated with this vaccine in the 5th 7th and 9th months of gestation to prevent a viral disease whose strains can cause upper respiratory disease abortions stillbirths and weak neonatal foals that fail to survive

Equine Influenza Vaccine

bull The duration of protective immunity from this vaccine is short-lived requiring vaccination every 2 to 3 months during periods of exposure

bull Disease outbreaks usually occur in horses 1 to 3 yrs of age after mixing with infected horses at the racetrack or showgrounds

Equine Influenza

bull Incubation period 1-3 daysbull High fever (1-5 days)bull Young horses are at riskbull Spread by aerosolized droplets

infected fomites ndash highly contagious

Equine Influenza ndash Clinical Signs

bull Cough (several weeks) and feverbull Lethargy depression reduced

appetite muscle sorenessbull Nasal dischargebull Most horses recover in 10-14 days

with supportive care

bullFLU AVERTreg Intra-nasal spray vaccine for Equine Influenza

bullIntranasal vaccine every 6 monthsbullIntramuscular vaccine every 4 monthsbullStart foals at 9 months of age

When to Vaccinate - Influenza

Strangles Vaccine

bull Respiratory disease caused by infection with Streptococcus equi

bull Spread by mucous or contaminated fomites What are fomites

bull Intranasal and IM vaccinesbull Vaccination not 100 effective but can

lessen the severity of incidencebull 2 Types Atypically (transient-cold like)

and Bastard (spread of infection to the organs)

Strangles Streptococcus equi spp equibull Transmission Ingestion or

inhalation of infected discharge

bull Horse-horse contact or fomites

bull Highly contagiousbull High morbidity low

mortalitybull Incubation period 3-5

days

Strangles ndash Clinical Signs

bull Cough fever lymph node enlargement

bull Respiratory distress due to retropharyngeal lymph node enlargement

bull Complications-Purpura-Metastatic (ldquoBastardrdquo) strangles

Vaccination for Strangles

bull Previously affected farms

bull May lessen disease severity

bull Vaccine reactions-Purpura-Abscesses if IM vaccines become contaminated

bull Annual boosterbull Intranasal vaccine

Equine Viral Arteritis

bull Vaccine induces partial to complete protection against the clinical signs of disease but if virus challenged the virus can replicate in the animals body

bull Clinical signs fever depression nasal discharge lacrimation coughing and limb swelling

Potomac Horse Fever Vaccine

bull It is believed that aquatic insects are the vectors ticks snails

bull Efficacy of the vaccine is unknownbull Prevalent in the eastern states

near large waterwaysbull Use of this vaccine is usually in

areas where it is a problem

Botulism Vaccine

bull Usually given to mares 30 days prior to foaling for the prevention of shaker foal syndrome

bull Given in areas of high incidence geographically

Botulism Clostridium botulinum

bull Causes flaccid paralysisbull Endemic in KYbull 2 Forms

1048708 Shaker foal syndrome1048708 Forage poisoning

bull Vaccinate for type B usually in broodmares

Anthrax Vaccine

bull Anthrax vaccines are available for use but are not widely used except where a genuine risk is identified

Rabies Vaccine

bull 100 FATAL in all casesbull Virus affecting the nervous systembull Vaccinate horses where wildlife

(skunks foxes raccoons bats) rabies is endemic in the Houston area

bull Spinalcord or brainstem signsbull Very very commonly vaccinated for

here in Texas

Clinical Signs of Rabies

bull Can look like anything

bull Behavioral changes blindness

bull Ataxia and incoordination

bull Feverbull Hypersalivationbull Paralysisbull Colic

Rabies

bull The rabies virus is killed by most disinfectants Only lives in dried saliva or carcass for 24 hours But it can live for days in refrigerated carcasses

When to vaccinate - Rabies

bull Incubation period 2-9 weeksbull Death in 3-5 days once signs

developbull Vaccinate once a yearbull Vaccine is safe and effective

EquiRab a rabies vaccine designed specifically for horses

Rotavirus

bull Most common cause of infectious diarrhea in foals

bull Clinical Signs- profuse watery diarrhea fever lethargy

bull Highly contagious

Rotavirus Vaccination

bull Prevention- vaccination of pregnant mares 30 days before foaling in endemic herds may confer modest protection

Vaccine Pleasure

orShow

Pregnant Mare

Pasture Horse

Boarding Facility

Weanling (gt 6 mo)

Frequency

EEEWEE X X X X X Annual

West Nile Virus

X X X X X MaySept

Rabies X X X X X Annual

Tetanus X X X X X Annual

Herpes (Rhino)

X X X +- Q 6 months

Influenza X X X +- Q 6 months

Strangles X X X +- Annual

PHF +- +- +- +- +- AprilJune

EPM

Botulism Atlantic states

Comments

High rate of

exposure

Maternal Antibodies in last 30 days of

pregnancy

Protect from non-

equine vectors

High rate of exposure

Management Practices

bull Quarantine and monitoring of new horses

bull Isolation facility and protocol

bull Requirements prior to introduction of new horse

bull Separation of groups of horses according to use susceptibility to infection

Management Practices

bull Vector controlbull Management of

sick horsesbull Keep good

records

Questions

Tetanus

bull Caused by bacteria found in soil and ingested by horses or enters a wound

bull Called ldquolockjawrdquo because it especially effects the muscles of the neck and jaw

bull Present in intestine manure and soilbull Spores can exist for years in soilbull Spores enter through wounds

lacerations umbilicus

Clinical Signs of Tetanus

bull Muscle stiffnessbull Sawhorse stancebull Third eyelid prolapsebull Lockjawbull Flaring nostrilsbull Hypersensitive to touch

Stiff legged gait The muscle of the legs become Rigid and stiff that the horse may fall and notBe able to get up again Convulsions may Occur and death is caused by paralysis

The breathing muscles

Tetanus

bull Not contagiousbull Mortality rate is highbull All horses should be

vaccinated annuallybull Tetanus toxoid vaccine is

safe and provides good protection

bull Tetanus antitoxin is for previously unvaccinated horses

When to vaccinate - Tetanus

bull Not typically seasonal vaccinate any time of year

bull Most horses in spring in combination with EEEWEE

bull Boost if wound or surgery gt6 months from last dose

Equine Encephalomyelitis Vaccinebull EEE=Eastern Equine Encephalomyelitisbull WEE=Western Equine Encephalomyelitisbull VEE=Venezuelanbull Often referred to as ldquosleeping sicknessrdquobull This vaccine protects against a viral

neurologic disease transmitted by biting insects

bull In areas where winter freezes are uncommon semiannual vaccination may be advisable

EEE is a mosquito spread disease of birds that Sometimes is transmitted via a mosquito bite

To horses and people

Encephalomyelitis

bull WEE seen throughout North America

bull EEE seen mostly in the East and Southeast prevalent in Texas

bull VEE not in US for many years ndash reportable foreign disease

Clinical Signs of Encephalomyelitis

bull Result from inflammation of the brain andor spinal cord

bull Feverbull Depressionbull Staggering gait (ataxia)bull Paralysisbull Seizures

Abnormal Mentation

Abnormal Gait - Ataxia

Encephalomyelitis

bull EEEVEE ndash mortality rate 70-90 die

bull WEE ndash mortality rate about 50

bull Vaccination is safe and generally very effective against these diseases

When to Vaccinate ndash EEEWEE

bull ALL horses should be vaccinated annually in the spring prior to mosquito season

bull In Texas recommend boosting every 6 months for EEEWEE

bull Foals should receive first dose at 3-4 months of age and 2 additional doses one month apart

ENCEVACtrade Line of Equine Vaccines

bull For vaccination of healthy horses against Eastern and Western Equine Encephalomyelitis (Sleeping Sickness) Encevactrade is a formaldehyde inactivated adjuvanted bivalent equine vaccine consisting of Eastern and Western Equine Encephalomyelitis viruses

West Nile Vaccine

bull Another mosquito transmitted virusbull Humans and horses are dead-end

hostsbull Spread by mosquitoes-Culicoides spp

and some birdsbull Prevalent throughout the USbull Causes inflammation of the brain an

spinal cordbull Not contagious from horse to horse

Clinical Signs of West Nile Virus

Can varybull Feverbull Muscle tremorsbull Incoordination

ataxiabull Hypersensitivebull Facial nerve or other

paralysis

West Nile Virus

bull Mortality rate about 33

bull Associated with inability to stand prolonged recumbency

When to Vaccinate - WNV

bull Several vaccines available-Fort Dodge West Nile Innovator ndash killed-Merialrsquos RecombiTek ndash recombinant vaccine-Intervetrsquos PreveNile ndash modified live chimera vaccine

bull Annual vaccination recommendedbull In Texas and states with larger

mosquito populations may boost every 4-6 months

Equine Rhinopneumonitis Vaccine (herpes 1)

bull Pregnant mares should be vaccinated with this vaccine in the 5th 7th and 9th months of gestation to prevent a viral disease whose strains can cause upper respiratory disease abortions stillbirths and weak neonatal foals that fail to survive

Equine Influenza Vaccine

bull The duration of protective immunity from this vaccine is short-lived requiring vaccination every 2 to 3 months during periods of exposure

bull Disease outbreaks usually occur in horses 1 to 3 yrs of age after mixing with infected horses at the racetrack or showgrounds

Equine Influenza

bull Incubation period 1-3 daysbull High fever (1-5 days)bull Young horses are at riskbull Spread by aerosolized droplets

infected fomites ndash highly contagious

Equine Influenza ndash Clinical Signs

bull Cough (several weeks) and feverbull Lethargy depression reduced

appetite muscle sorenessbull Nasal dischargebull Most horses recover in 10-14 days

with supportive care

bullFLU AVERTreg Intra-nasal spray vaccine for Equine Influenza

bullIntranasal vaccine every 6 monthsbullIntramuscular vaccine every 4 monthsbullStart foals at 9 months of age

When to Vaccinate - Influenza

Strangles Vaccine

bull Respiratory disease caused by infection with Streptococcus equi

bull Spread by mucous or contaminated fomites What are fomites

bull Intranasal and IM vaccinesbull Vaccination not 100 effective but can

lessen the severity of incidencebull 2 Types Atypically (transient-cold like)

and Bastard (spread of infection to the organs)

Strangles Streptococcus equi spp equibull Transmission Ingestion or

inhalation of infected discharge

bull Horse-horse contact or fomites

bull Highly contagiousbull High morbidity low

mortalitybull Incubation period 3-5

days

Strangles ndash Clinical Signs

bull Cough fever lymph node enlargement

bull Respiratory distress due to retropharyngeal lymph node enlargement

bull Complications-Purpura-Metastatic (ldquoBastardrdquo) strangles

Vaccination for Strangles

bull Previously affected farms

bull May lessen disease severity

bull Vaccine reactions-Purpura-Abscesses if IM vaccines become contaminated

bull Annual boosterbull Intranasal vaccine

Equine Viral Arteritis

bull Vaccine induces partial to complete protection against the clinical signs of disease but if virus challenged the virus can replicate in the animals body

bull Clinical signs fever depression nasal discharge lacrimation coughing and limb swelling

Potomac Horse Fever Vaccine

bull It is believed that aquatic insects are the vectors ticks snails

bull Efficacy of the vaccine is unknownbull Prevalent in the eastern states

near large waterwaysbull Use of this vaccine is usually in

areas where it is a problem

Botulism Vaccine

bull Usually given to mares 30 days prior to foaling for the prevention of shaker foal syndrome

bull Given in areas of high incidence geographically

Botulism Clostridium botulinum

bull Causes flaccid paralysisbull Endemic in KYbull 2 Forms

1048708 Shaker foal syndrome1048708 Forage poisoning

bull Vaccinate for type B usually in broodmares

Anthrax Vaccine

bull Anthrax vaccines are available for use but are not widely used except where a genuine risk is identified

Rabies Vaccine

bull 100 FATAL in all casesbull Virus affecting the nervous systembull Vaccinate horses where wildlife

(skunks foxes raccoons bats) rabies is endemic in the Houston area

bull Spinalcord or brainstem signsbull Very very commonly vaccinated for

here in Texas

Clinical Signs of Rabies

bull Can look like anything

bull Behavioral changes blindness

bull Ataxia and incoordination

bull Feverbull Hypersalivationbull Paralysisbull Colic

Rabies

bull The rabies virus is killed by most disinfectants Only lives in dried saliva or carcass for 24 hours But it can live for days in refrigerated carcasses

When to vaccinate - Rabies

bull Incubation period 2-9 weeksbull Death in 3-5 days once signs

developbull Vaccinate once a yearbull Vaccine is safe and effective

EquiRab a rabies vaccine designed specifically for horses

Rotavirus

bull Most common cause of infectious diarrhea in foals

bull Clinical Signs- profuse watery diarrhea fever lethargy

bull Highly contagious

Rotavirus Vaccination

bull Prevention- vaccination of pregnant mares 30 days before foaling in endemic herds may confer modest protection

Vaccine Pleasure

orShow

Pregnant Mare

Pasture Horse

Boarding Facility

Weanling (gt 6 mo)

Frequency

EEEWEE X X X X X Annual

West Nile Virus

X X X X X MaySept

Rabies X X X X X Annual

Tetanus X X X X X Annual

Herpes (Rhino)

X X X +- Q 6 months

Influenza X X X +- Q 6 months

Strangles X X X +- Annual

PHF +- +- +- +- +- AprilJune

EPM

Botulism Atlantic states

Comments

High rate of

exposure

Maternal Antibodies in last 30 days of

pregnancy

Protect from non-

equine vectors

High rate of exposure

Management Practices

bull Quarantine and monitoring of new horses

bull Isolation facility and protocol

bull Requirements prior to introduction of new horse

bull Separation of groups of horses according to use susceptibility to infection

Management Practices

bull Vector controlbull Management of

sick horsesbull Keep good

records

Questions

Clinical Signs of Tetanus

bull Muscle stiffnessbull Sawhorse stancebull Third eyelid prolapsebull Lockjawbull Flaring nostrilsbull Hypersensitive to touch

Stiff legged gait The muscle of the legs become Rigid and stiff that the horse may fall and notBe able to get up again Convulsions may Occur and death is caused by paralysis

The breathing muscles

Tetanus

bull Not contagiousbull Mortality rate is highbull All horses should be

vaccinated annuallybull Tetanus toxoid vaccine is

safe and provides good protection

bull Tetanus antitoxin is for previously unvaccinated horses

When to vaccinate - Tetanus

bull Not typically seasonal vaccinate any time of year

bull Most horses in spring in combination with EEEWEE

bull Boost if wound or surgery gt6 months from last dose

Equine Encephalomyelitis Vaccinebull EEE=Eastern Equine Encephalomyelitisbull WEE=Western Equine Encephalomyelitisbull VEE=Venezuelanbull Often referred to as ldquosleeping sicknessrdquobull This vaccine protects against a viral

neurologic disease transmitted by biting insects

bull In areas where winter freezes are uncommon semiannual vaccination may be advisable

EEE is a mosquito spread disease of birds that Sometimes is transmitted via a mosquito bite

To horses and people

Encephalomyelitis

bull WEE seen throughout North America

bull EEE seen mostly in the East and Southeast prevalent in Texas

bull VEE not in US for many years ndash reportable foreign disease

Clinical Signs of Encephalomyelitis

bull Result from inflammation of the brain andor spinal cord

bull Feverbull Depressionbull Staggering gait (ataxia)bull Paralysisbull Seizures

Abnormal Mentation

Abnormal Gait - Ataxia

Encephalomyelitis

bull EEEVEE ndash mortality rate 70-90 die

bull WEE ndash mortality rate about 50

bull Vaccination is safe and generally very effective against these diseases

When to Vaccinate ndash EEEWEE

bull ALL horses should be vaccinated annually in the spring prior to mosquito season

bull In Texas recommend boosting every 6 months for EEEWEE

bull Foals should receive first dose at 3-4 months of age and 2 additional doses one month apart

ENCEVACtrade Line of Equine Vaccines

bull For vaccination of healthy horses against Eastern and Western Equine Encephalomyelitis (Sleeping Sickness) Encevactrade is a formaldehyde inactivated adjuvanted bivalent equine vaccine consisting of Eastern and Western Equine Encephalomyelitis viruses

West Nile Vaccine

bull Another mosquito transmitted virusbull Humans and horses are dead-end

hostsbull Spread by mosquitoes-Culicoides spp

and some birdsbull Prevalent throughout the USbull Causes inflammation of the brain an

spinal cordbull Not contagious from horse to horse

Clinical Signs of West Nile Virus

Can varybull Feverbull Muscle tremorsbull Incoordination

ataxiabull Hypersensitivebull Facial nerve or other

paralysis

West Nile Virus

bull Mortality rate about 33

bull Associated with inability to stand prolonged recumbency

When to Vaccinate - WNV

bull Several vaccines available-Fort Dodge West Nile Innovator ndash killed-Merialrsquos RecombiTek ndash recombinant vaccine-Intervetrsquos PreveNile ndash modified live chimera vaccine

bull Annual vaccination recommendedbull In Texas and states with larger

mosquito populations may boost every 4-6 months

Equine Rhinopneumonitis Vaccine (herpes 1)

bull Pregnant mares should be vaccinated with this vaccine in the 5th 7th and 9th months of gestation to prevent a viral disease whose strains can cause upper respiratory disease abortions stillbirths and weak neonatal foals that fail to survive

Equine Influenza Vaccine

bull The duration of protective immunity from this vaccine is short-lived requiring vaccination every 2 to 3 months during periods of exposure

bull Disease outbreaks usually occur in horses 1 to 3 yrs of age after mixing with infected horses at the racetrack or showgrounds

Equine Influenza

bull Incubation period 1-3 daysbull High fever (1-5 days)bull Young horses are at riskbull Spread by aerosolized droplets

infected fomites ndash highly contagious

Equine Influenza ndash Clinical Signs

bull Cough (several weeks) and feverbull Lethargy depression reduced

appetite muscle sorenessbull Nasal dischargebull Most horses recover in 10-14 days

with supportive care

bullFLU AVERTreg Intra-nasal spray vaccine for Equine Influenza

bullIntranasal vaccine every 6 monthsbullIntramuscular vaccine every 4 monthsbullStart foals at 9 months of age

When to Vaccinate - Influenza

Strangles Vaccine

bull Respiratory disease caused by infection with Streptococcus equi

bull Spread by mucous or contaminated fomites What are fomites

bull Intranasal and IM vaccinesbull Vaccination not 100 effective but can

lessen the severity of incidencebull 2 Types Atypically (transient-cold like)

and Bastard (spread of infection to the organs)

Strangles Streptococcus equi spp equibull Transmission Ingestion or

inhalation of infected discharge

bull Horse-horse contact or fomites

bull Highly contagiousbull High morbidity low

mortalitybull Incubation period 3-5

days

Strangles ndash Clinical Signs

bull Cough fever lymph node enlargement

bull Respiratory distress due to retropharyngeal lymph node enlargement

bull Complications-Purpura-Metastatic (ldquoBastardrdquo) strangles

Vaccination for Strangles

bull Previously affected farms

bull May lessen disease severity

bull Vaccine reactions-Purpura-Abscesses if IM vaccines become contaminated

bull Annual boosterbull Intranasal vaccine

Equine Viral Arteritis

bull Vaccine induces partial to complete protection against the clinical signs of disease but if virus challenged the virus can replicate in the animals body

bull Clinical signs fever depression nasal discharge lacrimation coughing and limb swelling

Potomac Horse Fever Vaccine

bull It is believed that aquatic insects are the vectors ticks snails

bull Efficacy of the vaccine is unknownbull Prevalent in the eastern states

near large waterwaysbull Use of this vaccine is usually in

areas where it is a problem

Botulism Vaccine

bull Usually given to mares 30 days prior to foaling for the prevention of shaker foal syndrome

bull Given in areas of high incidence geographically

Botulism Clostridium botulinum

bull Causes flaccid paralysisbull Endemic in KYbull 2 Forms

1048708 Shaker foal syndrome1048708 Forage poisoning

bull Vaccinate for type B usually in broodmares

Anthrax Vaccine

bull Anthrax vaccines are available for use but are not widely used except where a genuine risk is identified

Rabies Vaccine

bull 100 FATAL in all casesbull Virus affecting the nervous systembull Vaccinate horses where wildlife

(skunks foxes raccoons bats) rabies is endemic in the Houston area

bull Spinalcord or brainstem signsbull Very very commonly vaccinated for

here in Texas

Clinical Signs of Rabies

bull Can look like anything

bull Behavioral changes blindness

bull Ataxia and incoordination

bull Feverbull Hypersalivationbull Paralysisbull Colic

Rabies

bull The rabies virus is killed by most disinfectants Only lives in dried saliva or carcass for 24 hours But it can live for days in refrigerated carcasses

When to vaccinate - Rabies

bull Incubation period 2-9 weeksbull Death in 3-5 days once signs

developbull Vaccinate once a yearbull Vaccine is safe and effective

EquiRab a rabies vaccine designed specifically for horses

Rotavirus

bull Most common cause of infectious diarrhea in foals

bull Clinical Signs- profuse watery diarrhea fever lethargy

bull Highly contagious

Rotavirus Vaccination

bull Prevention- vaccination of pregnant mares 30 days before foaling in endemic herds may confer modest protection

Vaccine Pleasure

orShow

Pregnant Mare

Pasture Horse

Boarding Facility

Weanling (gt 6 mo)

Frequency

EEEWEE X X X X X Annual

West Nile Virus

X X X X X MaySept

Rabies X X X X X Annual

Tetanus X X X X X Annual

Herpes (Rhino)

X X X +- Q 6 months

Influenza X X X +- Q 6 months

Strangles X X X +- Annual

PHF +- +- +- +- +- AprilJune

EPM

Botulism Atlantic states

Comments

High rate of

exposure

Maternal Antibodies in last 30 days of

pregnancy

Protect from non-

equine vectors

High rate of exposure

Management Practices

bull Quarantine and monitoring of new horses

bull Isolation facility and protocol

bull Requirements prior to introduction of new horse

bull Separation of groups of horses according to use susceptibility to infection

Management Practices

bull Vector controlbull Management of

sick horsesbull Keep good

records

Questions

Stiff legged gait The muscle of the legs become Rigid and stiff that the horse may fall and notBe able to get up again Convulsions may Occur and death is caused by paralysis

The breathing muscles

Tetanus

bull Not contagiousbull Mortality rate is highbull All horses should be

vaccinated annuallybull Tetanus toxoid vaccine is

safe and provides good protection

bull Tetanus antitoxin is for previously unvaccinated horses

When to vaccinate - Tetanus

bull Not typically seasonal vaccinate any time of year

bull Most horses in spring in combination with EEEWEE

bull Boost if wound or surgery gt6 months from last dose

Equine Encephalomyelitis Vaccinebull EEE=Eastern Equine Encephalomyelitisbull WEE=Western Equine Encephalomyelitisbull VEE=Venezuelanbull Often referred to as ldquosleeping sicknessrdquobull This vaccine protects against a viral

neurologic disease transmitted by biting insects

bull In areas where winter freezes are uncommon semiannual vaccination may be advisable

EEE is a mosquito spread disease of birds that Sometimes is transmitted via a mosquito bite

To horses and people

Encephalomyelitis

bull WEE seen throughout North America

bull EEE seen mostly in the East and Southeast prevalent in Texas

bull VEE not in US for many years ndash reportable foreign disease

Clinical Signs of Encephalomyelitis

bull Result from inflammation of the brain andor spinal cord

bull Feverbull Depressionbull Staggering gait (ataxia)bull Paralysisbull Seizures

Abnormal Mentation

Abnormal Gait - Ataxia

Encephalomyelitis

bull EEEVEE ndash mortality rate 70-90 die

bull WEE ndash mortality rate about 50

bull Vaccination is safe and generally very effective against these diseases

When to Vaccinate ndash EEEWEE

bull ALL horses should be vaccinated annually in the spring prior to mosquito season

bull In Texas recommend boosting every 6 months for EEEWEE

bull Foals should receive first dose at 3-4 months of age and 2 additional doses one month apart

ENCEVACtrade Line of Equine Vaccines

bull For vaccination of healthy horses against Eastern and Western Equine Encephalomyelitis (Sleeping Sickness) Encevactrade is a formaldehyde inactivated adjuvanted bivalent equine vaccine consisting of Eastern and Western Equine Encephalomyelitis viruses

West Nile Vaccine

bull Another mosquito transmitted virusbull Humans and horses are dead-end

hostsbull Spread by mosquitoes-Culicoides spp

and some birdsbull Prevalent throughout the USbull Causes inflammation of the brain an

spinal cordbull Not contagious from horse to horse

Clinical Signs of West Nile Virus

Can varybull Feverbull Muscle tremorsbull Incoordination

ataxiabull Hypersensitivebull Facial nerve or other

paralysis

West Nile Virus

bull Mortality rate about 33

bull Associated with inability to stand prolonged recumbency

When to Vaccinate - WNV

bull Several vaccines available-Fort Dodge West Nile Innovator ndash killed-Merialrsquos RecombiTek ndash recombinant vaccine-Intervetrsquos PreveNile ndash modified live chimera vaccine

bull Annual vaccination recommendedbull In Texas and states with larger

mosquito populations may boost every 4-6 months

Equine Rhinopneumonitis Vaccine (herpes 1)

bull Pregnant mares should be vaccinated with this vaccine in the 5th 7th and 9th months of gestation to prevent a viral disease whose strains can cause upper respiratory disease abortions stillbirths and weak neonatal foals that fail to survive

Equine Influenza Vaccine

bull The duration of protective immunity from this vaccine is short-lived requiring vaccination every 2 to 3 months during periods of exposure

bull Disease outbreaks usually occur in horses 1 to 3 yrs of age after mixing with infected horses at the racetrack or showgrounds

Equine Influenza

bull Incubation period 1-3 daysbull High fever (1-5 days)bull Young horses are at riskbull Spread by aerosolized droplets

infected fomites ndash highly contagious

Equine Influenza ndash Clinical Signs

bull Cough (several weeks) and feverbull Lethargy depression reduced

appetite muscle sorenessbull Nasal dischargebull Most horses recover in 10-14 days

with supportive care

bullFLU AVERTreg Intra-nasal spray vaccine for Equine Influenza

bullIntranasal vaccine every 6 monthsbullIntramuscular vaccine every 4 monthsbullStart foals at 9 months of age

When to Vaccinate - Influenza

Strangles Vaccine

bull Respiratory disease caused by infection with Streptococcus equi

bull Spread by mucous or contaminated fomites What are fomites

bull Intranasal and IM vaccinesbull Vaccination not 100 effective but can

lessen the severity of incidencebull 2 Types Atypically (transient-cold like)

and Bastard (spread of infection to the organs)

Strangles Streptococcus equi spp equibull Transmission Ingestion or

inhalation of infected discharge

bull Horse-horse contact or fomites

bull Highly contagiousbull High morbidity low

mortalitybull Incubation period 3-5

days

Strangles ndash Clinical Signs

bull Cough fever lymph node enlargement

bull Respiratory distress due to retropharyngeal lymph node enlargement

bull Complications-Purpura-Metastatic (ldquoBastardrdquo) strangles

Vaccination for Strangles

bull Previously affected farms

bull May lessen disease severity

bull Vaccine reactions-Purpura-Abscesses if IM vaccines become contaminated

bull Annual boosterbull Intranasal vaccine

Equine Viral Arteritis

bull Vaccine induces partial to complete protection against the clinical signs of disease but if virus challenged the virus can replicate in the animals body

bull Clinical signs fever depression nasal discharge lacrimation coughing and limb swelling

Potomac Horse Fever Vaccine

bull It is believed that aquatic insects are the vectors ticks snails

bull Efficacy of the vaccine is unknownbull Prevalent in the eastern states

near large waterwaysbull Use of this vaccine is usually in

areas where it is a problem

Botulism Vaccine

bull Usually given to mares 30 days prior to foaling for the prevention of shaker foal syndrome

bull Given in areas of high incidence geographically

Botulism Clostridium botulinum

bull Causes flaccid paralysisbull Endemic in KYbull 2 Forms

1048708 Shaker foal syndrome1048708 Forage poisoning

bull Vaccinate for type B usually in broodmares

Anthrax Vaccine

bull Anthrax vaccines are available for use but are not widely used except where a genuine risk is identified

Rabies Vaccine

bull 100 FATAL in all casesbull Virus affecting the nervous systembull Vaccinate horses where wildlife

(skunks foxes raccoons bats) rabies is endemic in the Houston area

bull Spinalcord or brainstem signsbull Very very commonly vaccinated for

here in Texas

Clinical Signs of Rabies

bull Can look like anything

bull Behavioral changes blindness

bull Ataxia and incoordination

bull Feverbull Hypersalivationbull Paralysisbull Colic

Rabies

bull The rabies virus is killed by most disinfectants Only lives in dried saliva or carcass for 24 hours But it can live for days in refrigerated carcasses

When to vaccinate - Rabies

bull Incubation period 2-9 weeksbull Death in 3-5 days once signs

developbull Vaccinate once a yearbull Vaccine is safe and effective

EquiRab a rabies vaccine designed specifically for horses

Rotavirus

bull Most common cause of infectious diarrhea in foals

bull Clinical Signs- profuse watery diarrhea fever lethargy

bull Highly contagious

Rotavirus Vaccination

bull Prevention- vaccination of pregnant mares 30 days before foaling in endemic herds may confer modest protection

Vaccine Pleasure

orShow

Pregnant Mare

Pasture Horse

Boarding Facility

Weanling (gt 6 mo)

Frequency

EEEWEE X X X X X Annual

West Nile Virus

X X X X X MaySept

Rabies X X X X X Annual

Tetanus X X X X X Annual

Herpes (Rhino)

X X X +- Q 6 months

Influenza X X X +- Q 6 months

Strangles X X X +- Annual

PHF +- +- +- +- +- AprilJune

EPM

Botulism Atlantic states

Comments

High rate of

exposure

Maternal Antibodies in last 30 days of

pregnancy

Protect from non-

equine vectors

High rate of exposure

Management Practices

bull Quarantine and monitoring of new horses

bull Isolation facility and protocol

bull Requirements prior to introduction of new horse

bull Separation of groups of horses according to use susceptibility to infection

Management Practices

bull Vector controlbull Management of

sick horsesbull Keep good

records

Questions

Tetanus

bull Not contagiousbull Mortality rate is highbull All horses should be

vaccinated annuallybull Tetanus toxoid vaccine is

safe and provides good protection

bull Tetanus antitoxin is for previously unvaccinated horses

When to vaccinate - Tetanus

bull Not typically seasonal vaccinate any time of year

bull Most horses in spring in combination with EEEWEE

bull Boost if wound or surgery gt6 months from last dose

Equine Encephalomyelitis Vaccinebull EEE=Eastern Equine Encephalomyelitisbull WEE=Western Equine Encephalomyelitisbull VEE=Venezuelanbull Often referred to as ldquosleeping sicknessrdquobull This vaccine protects against a viral

neurologic disease transmitted by biting insects

bull In areas where winter freezes are uncommon semiannual vaccination may be advisable

EEE is a mosquito spread disease of birds that Sometimes is transmitted via a mosquito bite

To horses and people

Encephalomyelitis

bull WEE seen throughout North America

bull EEE seen mostly in the East and Southeast prevalent in Texas

bull VEE not in US for many years ndash reportable foreign disease

Clinical Signs of Encephalomyelitis

bull Result from inflammation of the brain andor spinal cord

bull Feverbull Depressionbull Staggering gait (ataxia)bull Paralysisbull Seizures

Abnormal Mentation

Abnormal Gait - Ataxia

Encephalomyelitis

bull EEEVEE ndash mortality rate 70-90 die

bull WEE ndash mortality rate about 50

bull Vaccination is safe and generally very effective against these diseases

When to Vaccinate ndash EEEWEE

bull ALL horses should be vaccinated annually in the spring prior to mosquito season

bull In Texas recommend boosting every 6 months for EEEWEE

bull Foals should receive first dose at 3-4 months of age and 2 additional doses one month apart

ENCEVACtrade Line of Equine Vaccines

bull For vaccination of healthy horses against Eastern and Western Equine Encephalomyelitis (Sleeping Sickness) Encevactrade is a formaldehyde inactivated adjuvanted bivalent equine vaccine consisting of Eastern and Western Equine Encephalomyelitis viruses

West Nile Vaccine

bull Another mosquito transmitted virusbull Humans and horses are dead-end

hostsbull Spread by mosquitoes-Culicoides spp

and some birdsbull Prevalent throughout the USbull Causes inflammation of the brain an

spinal cordbull Not contagious from horse to horse

Clinical Signs of West Nile Virus

Can varybull Feverbull Muscle tremorsbull Incoordination

ataxiabull Hypersensitivebull Facial nerve or other

paralysis

West Nile Virus

bull Mortality rate about 33

bull Associated with inability to stand prolonged recumbency

When to Vaccinate - WNV

bull Several vaccines available-Fort Dodge West Nile Innovator ndash killed-Merialrsquos RecombiTek ndash recombinant vaccine-Intervetrsquos PreveNile ndash modified live chimera vaccine

bull Annual vaccination recommendedbull In Texas and states with larger

mosquito populations may boost every 4-6 months

Equine Rhinopneumonitis Vaccine (herpes 1)

bull Pregnant mares should be vaccinated with this vaccine in the 5th 7th and 9th months of gestation to prevent a viral disease whose strains can cause upper respiratory disease abortions stillbirths and weak neonatal foals that fail to survive

Equine Influenza Vaccine

bull The duration of protective immunity from this vaccine is short-lived requiring vaccination every 2 to 3 months during periods of exposure

bull Disease outbreaks usually occur in horses 1 to 3 yrs of age after mixing with infected horses at the racetrack or showgrounds

Equine Influenza

bull Incubation period 1-3 daysbull High fever (1-5 days)bull Young horses are at riskbull Spread by aerosolized droplets

infected fomites ndash highly contagious

Equine Influenza ndash Clinical Signs

bull Cough (several weeks) and feverbull Lethargy depression reduced

appetite muscle sorenessbull Nasal dischargebull Most horses recover in 10-14 days

with supportive care

bullFLU AVERTreg Intra-nasal spray vaccine for Equine Influenza

bullIntranasal vaccine every 6 monthsbullIntramuscular vaccine every 4 monthsbullStart foals at 9 months of age

When to Vaccinate - Influenza

Strangles Vaccine

bull Respiratory disease caused by infection with Streptococcus equi

bull Spread by mucous or contaminated fomites What are fomites

bull Intranasal and IM vaccinesbull Vaccination not 100 effective but can

lessen the severity of incidencebull 2 Types Atypically (transient-cold like)

and Bastard (spread of infection to the organs)

Strangles Streptococcus equi spp equibull Transmission Ingestion or

inhalation of infected discharge

bull Horse-horse contact or fomites

bull Highly contagiousbull High morbidity low

mortalitybull Incubation period 3-5

days

Strangles ndash Clinical Signs

bull Cough fever lymph node enlargement

bull Respiratory distress due to retropharyngeal lymph node enlargement

bull Complications-Purpura-Metastatic (ldquoBastardrdquo) strangles

Vaccination for Strangles

bull Previously affected farms

bull May lessen disease severity

bull Vaccine reactions-Purpura-Abscesses if IM vaccines become contaminated

bull Annual boosterbull Intranasal vaccine

Equine Viral Arteritis

bull Vaccine induces partial to complete protection against the clinical signs of disease but if virus challenged the virus can replicate in the animals body

bull Clinical signs fever depression nasal discharge lacrimation coughing and limb swelling

Potomac Horse Fever Vaccine

bull It is believed that aquatic insects are the vectors ticks snails

bull Efficacy of the vaccine is unknownbull Prevalent in the eastern states

near large waterwaysbull Use of this vaccine is usually in

areas where it is a problem

Botulism Vaccine

bull Usually given to mares 30 days prior to foaling for the prevention of shaker foal syndrome

bull Given in areas of high incidence geographically

Botulism Clostridium botulinum

bull Causes flaccid paralysisbull Endemic in KYbull 2 Forms

1048708 Shaker foal syndrome1048708 Forage poisoning

bull Vaccinate for type B usually in broodmares

Anthrax Vaccine

bull Anthrax vaccines are available for use but are not widely used except where a genuine risk is identified

Rabies Vaccine

bull 100 FATAL in all casesbull Virus affecting the nervous systembull Vaccinate horses where wildlife

(skunks foxes raccoons bats) rabies is endemic in the Houston area

bull Spinalcord or brainstem signsbull Very very commonly vaccinated for

here in Texas

Clinical Signs of Rabies

bull Can look like anything

bull Behavioral changes blindness

bull Ataxia and incoordination

bull Feverbull Hypersalivationbull Paralysisbull Colic

Rabies

bull The rabies virus is killed by most disinfectants Only lives in dried saliva or carcass for 24 hours But it can live for days in refrigerated carcasses

When to vaccinate - Rabies

bull Incubation period 2-9 weeksbull Death in 3-5 days once signs

developbull Vaccinate once a yearbull Vaccine is safe and effective

EquiRab a rabies vaccine designed specifically for horses

Rotavirus

bull Most common cause of infectious diarrhea in foals

bull Clinical Signs- profuse watery diarrhea fever lethargy

bull Highly contagious

Rotavirus Vaccination

bull Prevention- vaccination of pregnant mares 30 days before foaling in endemic herds may confer modest protection

Vaccine Pleasure

orShow

Pregnant Mare

Pasture Horse

Boarding Facility

Weanling (gt 6 mo)

Frequency

EEEWEE X X X X X Annual

West Nile Virus

X X X X X MaySept

Rabies X X X X X Annual

Tetanus X X X X X Annual

Herpes (Rhino)

X X X +- Q 6 months

Influenza X X X +- Q 6 months

Strangles X X X +- Annual

PHF +- +- +- +- +- AprilJune

EPM

Botulism Atlantic states

Comments

High rate of

exposure

Maternal Antibodies in last 30 days of

pregnancy

Protect from non-

equine vectors

High rate of exposure

Management Practices

bull Quarantine and monitoring of new horses

bull Isolation facility and protocol

bull Requirements prior to introduction of new horse

bull Separation of groups of horses according to use susceptibility to infection

Management Practices

bull Vector controlbull Management of

sick horsesbull Keep good

records

Questions

When to vaccinate - Tetanus

bull Not typically seasonal vaccinate any time of year

bull Most horses in spring in combination with EEEWEE

bull Boost if wound or surgery gt6 months from last dose

Equine Encephalomyelitis Vaccinebull EEE=Eastern Equine Encephalomyelitisbull WEE=Western Equine Encephalomyelitisbull VEE=Venezuelanbull Often referred to as ldquosleeping sicknessrdquobull This vaccine protects against a viral

neurologic disease transmitted by biting insects

bull In areas where winter freezes are uncommon semiannual vaccination may be advisable

EEE is a mosquito spread disease of birds that Sometimes is transmitted via a mosquito bite

To horses and people

Encephalomyelitis

bull WEE seen throughout North America

bull EEE seen mostly in the East and Southeast prevalent in Texas

bull VEE not in US for many years ndash reportable foreign disease

Clinical Signs of Encephalomyelitis

bull Result from inflammation of the brain andor spinal cord

bull Feverbull Depressionbull Staggering gait (ataxia)bull Paralysisbull Seizures

Abnormal Mentation

Abnormal Gait - Ataxia

Encephalomyelitis

bull EEEVEE ndash mortality rate 70-90 die

bull WEE ndash mortality rate about 50

bull Vaccination is safe and generally very effective against these diseases

When to Vaccinate ndash EEEWEE

bull ALL horses should be vaccinated annually in the spring prior to mosquito season

bull In Texas recommend boosting every 6 months for EEEWEE

bull Foals should receive first dose at 3-4 months of age and 2 additional doses one month apart

ENCEVACtrade Line of Equine Vaccines

bull For vaccination of healthy horses against Eastern and Western Equine Encephalomyelitis (Sleeping Sickness) Encevactrade is a formaldehyde inactivated adjuvanted bivalent equine vaccine consisting of Eastern and Western Equine Encephalomyelitis viruses

West Nile Vaccine

bull Another mosquito transmitted virusbull Humans and horses are dead-end

hostsbull Spread by mosquitoes-Culicoides spp

and some birdsbull Prevalent throughout the USbull Causes inflammation of the brain an

spinal cordbull Not contagious from horse to horse

Clinical Signs of West Nile Virus

Can varybull Feverbull Muscle tremorsbull Incoordination

ataxiabull Hypersensitivebull Facial nerve or other

paralysis

West Nile Virus

bull Mortality rate about 33

bull Associated with inability to stand prolonged recumbency

When to Vaccinate - WNV

bull Several vaccines available-Fort Dodge West Nile Innovator ndash killed-Merialrsquos RecombiTek ndash recombinant vaccine-Intervetrsquos PreveNile ndash modified live chimera vaccine

bull Annual vaccination recommendedbull In Texas and states with larger

mosquito populations may boost every 4-6 months

Equine Rhinopneumonitis Vaccine (herpes 1)

bull Pregnant mares should be vaccinated with this vaccine in the 5th 7th and 9th months of gestation to prevent a viral disease whose strains can cause upper respiratory disease abortions stillbirths and weak neonatal foals that fail to survive

Equine Influenza Vaccine

bull The duration of protective immunity from this vaccine is short-lived requiring vaccination every 2 to 3 months during periods of exposure

bull Disease outbreaks usually occur in horses 1 to 3 yrs of age after mixing with infected horses at the racetrack or showgrounds

Equine Influenza

bull Incubation period 1-3 daysbull High fever (1-5 days)bull Young horses are at riskbull Spread by aerosolized droplets

infected fomites ndash highly contagious

Equine Influenza ndash Clinical Signs

bull Cough (several weeks) and feverbull Lethargy depression reduced

appetite muscle sorenessbull Nasal dischargebull Most horses recover in 10-14 days

with supportive care

bullFLU AVERTreg Intra-nasal spray vaccine for Equine Influenza

bullIntranasal vaccine every 6 monthsbullIntramuscular vaccine every 4 monthsbullStart foals at 9 months of age

When to Vaccinate - Influenza

Strangles Vaccine

bull Respiratory disease caused by infection with Streptococcus equi

bull Spread by mucous or contaminated fomites What are fomites

bull Intranasal and IM vaccinesbull Vaccination not 100 effective but can

lessen the severity of incidencebull 2 Types Atypically (transient-cold like)

and Bastard (spread of infection to the organs)

Strangles Streptococcus equi spp equibull Transmission Ingestion or

inhalation of infected discharge

bull Horse-horse contact or fomites

bull Highly contagiousbull High morbidity low

mortalitybull Incubation period 3-5

days

Strangles ndash Clinical Signs

bull Cough fever lymph node enlargement

bull Respiratory distress due to retropharyngeal lymph node enlargement

bull Complications-Purpura-Metastatic (ldquoBastardrdquo) strangles

Vaccination for Strangles

bull Previously affected farms

bull May lessen disease severity

bull Vaccine reactions-Purpura-Abscesses if IM vaccines become contaminated

bull Annual boosterbull Intranasal vaccine

Equine Viral Arteritis

bull Vaccine induces partial to complete protection against the clinical signs of disease but if virus challenged the virus can replicate in the animals body

bull Clinical signs fever depression nasal discharge lacrimation coughing and limb swelling

Potomac Horse Fever Vaccine

bull It is believed that aquatic insects are the vectors ticks snails

bull Efficacy of the vaccine is unknownbull Prevalent in the eastern states

near large waterwaysbull Use of this vaccine is usually in

areas where it is a problem

Botulism Vaccine

bull Usually given to mares 30 days prior to foaling for the prevention of shaker foal syndrome

bull Given in areas of high incidence geographically

Botulism Clostridium botulinum

bull Causes flaccid paralysisbull Endemic in KYbull 2 Forms

1048708 Shaker foal syndrome1048708 Forage poisoning

bull Vaccinate for type B usually in broodmares

Anthrax Vaccine

bull Anthrax vaccines are available for use but are not widely used except where a genuine risk is identified

Rabies Vaccine

bull 100 FATAL in all casesbull Virus affecting the nervous systembull Vaccinate horses where wildlife

(skunks foxes raccoons bats) rabies is endemic in the Houston area

bull Spinalcord or brainstem signsbull Very very commonly vaccinated for

here in Texas

Clinical Signs of Rabies

bull Can look like anything

bull Behavioral changes blindness

bull Ataxia and incoordination

bull Feverbull Hypersalivationbull Paralysisbull Colic

Rabies

bull The rabies virus is killed by most disinfectants Only lives in dried saliva or carcass for 24 hours But it can live for days in refrigerated carcasses

When to vaccinate - Rabies

bull Incubation period 2-9 weeksbull Death in 3-5 days once signs

developbull Vaccinate once a yearbull Vaccine is safe and effective

EquiRab a rabies vaccine designed specifically for horses

Rotavirus

bull Most common cause of infectious diarrhea in foals

bull Clinical Signs- profuse watery diarrhea fever lethargy

bull Highly contagious

Rotavirus Vaccination

bull Prevention- vaccination of pregnant mares 30 days before foaling in endemic herds may confer modest protection

Vaccine Pleasure

orShow

Pregnant Mare

Pasture Horse

Boarding Facility

Weanling (gt 6 mo)

Frequency

EEEWEE X X X X X Annual

West Nile Virus

X X X X X MaySept

Rabies X X X X X Annual

Tetanus X X X X X Annual

Herpes (Rhino)

X X X +- Q 6 months

Influenza X X X +- Q 6 months

Strangles X X X +- Annual

PHF +- +- +- +- +- AprilJune

EPM

Botulism Atlantic states

Comments

High rate of

exposure

Maternal Antibodies in last 30 days of

pregnancy

Protect from non-

equine vectors

High rate of exposure

Management Practices

bull Quarantine and monitoring of new horses

bull Isolation facility and protocol

bull Requirements prior to introduction of new horse

bull Separation of groups of horses according to use susceptibility to infection

Management Practices

bull Vector controlbull Management of

sick horsesbull Keep good

records

Questions

Equine Encephalomyelitis Vaccinebull EEE=Eastern Equine Encephalomyelitisbull WEE=Western Equine Encephalomyelitisbull VEE=Venezuelanbull Often referred to as ldquosleeping sicknessrdquobull This vaccine protects against a viral

neurologic disease transmitted by biting insects

bull In areas where winter freezes are uncommon semiannual vaccination may be advisable

EEE is a mosquito spread disease of birds that Sometimes is transmitted via a mosquito bite

To horses and people

Encephalomyelitis

bull WEE seen throughout North America

bull EEE seen mostly in the East and Southeast prevalent in Texas

bull VEE not in US for many years ndash reportable foreign disease

Clinical Signs of Encephalomyelitis

bull Result from inflammation of the brain andor spinal cord

bull Feverbull Depressionbull Staggering gait (ataxia)bull Paralysisbull Seizures

Abnormal Mentation

Abnormal Gait - Ataxia

Encephalomyelitis

bull EEEVEE ndash mortality rate 70-90 die

bull WEE ndash mortality rate about 50

bull Vaccination is safe and generally very effective against these diseases

When to Vaccinate ndash EEEWEE

bull ALL horses should be vaccinated annually in the spring prior to mosquito season

bull In Texas recommend boosting every 6 months for EEEWEE

bull Foals should receive first dose at 3-4 months of age and 2 additional doses one month apart

ENCEVACtrade Line of Equine Vaccines

bull For vaccination of healthy horses against Eastern and Western Equine Encephalomyelitis (Sleeping Sickness) Encevactrade is a formaldehyde inactivated adjuvanted bivalent equine vaccine consisting of Eastern and Western Equine Encephalomyelitis viruses

West Nile Vaccine

bull Another mosquito transmitted virusbull Humans and horses are dead-end

hostsbull Spread by mosquitoes-Culicoides spp

and some birdsbull Prevalent throughout the USbull Causes inflammation of the brain an

spinal cordbull Not contagious from horse to horse

Clinical Signs of West Nile Virus

Can varybull Feverbull Muscle tremorsbull Incoordination

ataxiabull Hypersensitivebull Facial nerve or other

paralysis

West Nile Virus

bull Mortality rate about 33

bull Associated with inability to stand prolonged recumbency

When to Vaccinate - WNV

bull Several vaccines available-Fort Dodge West Nile Innovator ndash killed-Merialrsquos RecombiTek ndash recombinant vaccine-Intervetrsquos PreveNile ndash modified live chimera vaccine

bull Annual vaccination recommendedbull In Texas and states with larger

mosquito populations may boost every 4-6 months

Equine Rhinopneumonitis Vaccine (herpes 1)

bull Pregnant mares should be vaccinated with this vaccine in the 5th 7th and 9th months of gestation to prevent a viral disease whose strains can cause upper respiratory disease abortions stillbirths and weak neonatal foals that fail to survive

Equine Influenza Vaccine

bull The duration of protective immunity from this vaccine is short-lived requiring vaccination every 2 to 3 months during periods of exposure

bull Disease outbreaks usually occur in horses 1 to 3 yrs of age after mixing with infected horses at the racetrack or showgrounds

Equine Influenza

bull Incubation period 1-3 daysbull High fever (1-5 days)bull Young horses are at riskbull Spread by aerosolized droplets

infected fomites ndash highly contagious

Equine Influenza ndash Clinical Signs

bull Cough (several weeks) and feverbull Lethargy depression reduced

appetite muscle sorenessbull Nasal dischargebull Most horses recover in 10-14 days

with supportive care

bullFLU AVERTreg Intra-nasal spray vaccine for Equine Influenza

bullIntranasal vaccine every 6 monthsbullIntramuscular vaccine every 4 monthsbullStart foals at 9 months of age

When to Vaccinate - Influenza

Strangles Vaccine

bull Respiratory disease caused by infection with Streptococcus equi

bull Spread by mucous or contaminated fomites What are fomites

bull Intranasal and IM vaccinesbull Vaccination not 100 effective but can

lessen the severity of incidencebull 2 Types Atypically (transient-cold like)

and Bastard (spread of infection to the organs)

Strangles Streptococcus equi spp equibull Transmission Ingestion or

inhalation of infected discharge

bull Horse-horse contact or fomites

bull Highly contagiousbull High morbidity low

mortalitybull Incubation period 3-5

days

Strangles ndash Clinical Signs

bull Cough fever lymph node enlargement

bull Respiratory distress due to retropharyngeal lymph node enlargement

bull Complications-Purpura-Metastatic (ldquoBastardrdquo) strangles

Vaccination for Strangles

bull Previously affected farms

bull May lessen disease severity

bull Vaccine reactions-Purpura-Abscesses if IM vaccines become contaminated

bull Annual boosterbull Intranasal vaccine

Equine Viral Arteritis

bull Vaccine induces partial to complete protection against the clinical signs of disease but if virus challenged the virus can replicate in the animals body

bull Clinical signs fever depression nasal discharge lacrimation coughing and limb swelling

Potomac Horse Fever Vaccine

bull It is believed that aquatic insects are the vectors ticks snails

bull Efficacy of the vaccine is unknownbull Prevalent in the eastern states

near large waterwaysbull Use of this vaccine is usually in

areas where it is a problem

Botulism Vaccine

bull Usually given to mares 30 days prior to foaling for the prevention of shaker foal syndrome

bull Given in areas of high incidence geographically

Botulism Clostridium botulinum

bull Causes flaccid paralysisbull Endemic in KYbull 2 Forms

1048708 Shaker foal syndrome1048708 Forage poisoning

bull Vaccinate for type B usually in broodmares

Anthrax Vaccine

bull Anthrax vaccines are available for use but are not widely used except where a genuine risk is identified

Rabies Vaccine

bull 100 FATAL in all casesbull Virus affecting the nervous systembull Vaccinate horses where wildlife

(skunks foxes raccoons bats) rabies is endemic in the Houston area

bull Spinalcord or brainstem signsbull Very very commonly vaccinated for

here in Texas

Clinical Signs of Rabies

bull Can look like anything

bull Behavioral changes blindness

bull Ataxia and incoordination

bull Feverbull Hypersalivationbull Paralysisbull Colic

Rabies

bull The rabies virus is killed by most disinfectants Only lives in dried saliva or carcass for 24 hours But it can live for days in refrigerated carcasses

When to vaccinate - Rabies

bull Incubation period 2-9 weeksbull Death in 3-5 days once signs

developbull Vaccinate once a yearbull Vaccine is safe and effective

EquiRab a rabies vaccine designed specifically for horses

Rotavirus

bull Most common cause of infectious diarrhea in foals

bull Clinical Signs- profuse watery diarrhea fever lethargy

bull Highly contagious

Rotavirus Vaccination

bull Prevention- vaccination of pregnant mares 30 days before foaling in endemic herds may confer modest protection

Vaccine Pleasure

orShow

Pregnant Mare

Pasture Horse

Boarding Facility

Weanling (gt 6 mo)

Frequency

EEEWEE X X X X X Annual

West Nile Virus

X X X X X MaySept

Rabies X X X X X Annual

Tetanus X X X X X Annual

Herpes (Rhino)

X X X +- Q 6 months

Influenza X X X +- Q 6 months

Strangles X X X +- Annual

PHF +- +- +- +- +- AprilJune

EPM

Botulism Atlantic states

Comments

High rate of

exposure

Maternal Antibodies in last 30 days of

pregnancy

Protect from non-

equine vectors

High rate of exposure

Management Practices

bull Quarantine and monitoring of new horses

bull Isolation facility and protocol

bull Requirements prior to introduction of new horse

bull Separation of groups of horses according to use susceptibility to infection

Management Practices

bull Vector controlbull Management of

sick horsesbull Keep good

records

Questions

EEE is a mosquito spread disease of birds that Sometimes is transmitted via a mosquito bite

To horses and people

Encephalomyelitis

bull WEE seen throughout North America

bull EEE seen mostly in the East and Southeast prevalent in Texas

bull VEE not in US for many years ndash reportable foreign disease

Clinical Signs of Encephalomyelitis

bull Result from inflammation of the brain andor spinal cord

bull Feverbull Depressionbull Staggering gait (ataxia)bull Paralysisbull Seizures

Abnormal Mentation

Abnormal Gait - Ataxia

Encephalomyelitis

bull EEEVEE ndash mortality rate 70-90 die

bull WEE ndash mortality rate about 50

bull Vaccination is safe and generally very effective against these diseases

When to Vaccinate ndash EEEWEE

bull ALL horses should be vaccinated annually in the spring prior to mosquito season

bull In Texas recommend boosting every 6 months for EEEWEE

bull Foals should receive first dose at 3-4 months of age and 2 additional doses one month apart

ENCEVACtrade Line of Equine Vaccines

bull For vaccination of healthy horses against Eastern and Western Equine Encephalomyelitis (Sleeping Sickness) Encevactrade is a formaldehyde inactivated adjuvanted bivalent equine vaccine consisting of Eastern and Western Equine Encephalomyelitis viruses

West Nile Vaccine

bull Another mosquito transmitted virusbull Humans and horses are dead-end

hostsbull Spread by mosquitoes-Culicoides spp

and some birdsbull Prevalent throughout the USbull Causes inflammation of the brain an

spinal cordbull Not contagious from horse to horse

Clinical Signs of West Nile Virus

Can varybull Feverbull Muscle tremorsbull Incoordination

ataxiabull Hypersensitivebull Facial nerve or other

paralysis

West Nile Virus

bull Mortality rate about 33

bull Associated with inability to stand prolonged recumbency

When to Vaccinate - WNV

bull Several vaccines available-Fort Dodge West Nile Innovator ndash killed-Merialrsquos RecombiTek ndash recombinant vaccine-Intervetrsquos PreveNile ndash modified live chimera vaccine

bull Annual vaccination recommendedbull In Texas and states with larger

mosquito populations may boost every 4-6 months

Equine Rhinopneumonitis Vaccine (herpes 1)

bull Pregnant mares should be vaccinated with this vaccine in the 5th 7th and 9th months of gestation to prevent a viral disease whose strains can cause upper respiratory disease abortions stillbirths and weak neonatal foals that fail to survive

Equine Influenza Vaccine

bull The duration of protective immunity from this vaccine is short-lived requiring vaccination every 2 to 3 months during periods of exposure

bull Disease outbreaks usually occur in horses 1 to 3 yrs of age after mixing with infected horses at the racetrack or showgrounds

Equine Influenza

bull Incubation period 1-3 daysbull High fever (1-5 days)bull Young horses are at riskbull Spread by aerosolized droplets

infected fomites ndash highly contagious

Equine Influenza ndash Clinical Signs

bull Cough (several weeks) and feverbull Lethargy depression reduced

appetite muscle sorenessbull Nasal dischargebull Most horses recover in 10-14 days

with supportive care

bullFLU AVERTreg Intra-nasal spray vaccine for Equine Influenza

bullIntranasal vaccine every 6 monthsbullIntramuscular vaccine every 4 monthsbullStart foals at 9 months of age

When to Vaccinate - Influenza

Strangles Vaccine

bull Respiratory disease caused by infection with Streptococcus equi

bull Spread by mucous or contaminated fomites What are fomites

bull Intranasal and IM vaccinesbull Vaccination not 100 effective but can

lessen the severity of incidencebull 2 Types Atypically (transient-cold like)

and Bastard (spread of infection to the organs)

Strangles Streptococcus equi spp equibull Transmission Ingestion or

inhalation of infected discharge

bull Horse-horse contact or fomites

bull Highly contagiousbull High morbidity low

mortalitybull Incubation period 3-5

days

Strangles ndash Clinical Signs

bull Cough fever lymph node enlargement

bull Respiratory distress due to retropharyngeal lymph node enlargement

bull Complications-Purpura-Metastatic (ldquoBastardrdquo) strangles

Vaccination for Strangles

bull Previously affected farms

bull May lessen disease severity

bull Vaccine reactions-Purpura-Abscesses if IM vaccines become contaminated

bull Annual boosterbull Intranasal vaccine

Equine Viral Arteritis

bull Vaccine induces partial to complete protection against the clinical signs of disease but if virus challenged the virus can replicate in the animals body

bull Clinical signs fever depression nasal discharge lacrimation coughing and limb swelling

Potomac Horse Fever Vaccine

bull It is believed that aquatic insects are the vectors ticks snails

bull Efficacy of the vaccine is unknownbull Prevalent in the eastern states

near large waterwaysbull Use of this vaccine is usually in

areas where it is a problem

Botulism Vaccine

bull Usually given to mares 30 days prior to foaling for the prevention of shaker foal syndrome

bull Given in areas of high incidence geographically

Botulism Clostridium botulinum

bull Causes flaccid paralysisbull Endemic in KYbull 2 Forms

1048708 Shaker foal syndrome1048708 Forage poisoning

bull Vaccinate for type B usually in broodmares

Anthrax Vaccine

bull Anthrax vaccines are available for use but are not widely used except where a genuine risk is identified

Rabies Vaccine

bull 100 FATAL in all casesbull Virus affecting the nervous systembull Vaccinate horses where wildlife

(skunks foxes raccoons bats) rabies is endemic in the Houston area

bull Spinalcord or brainstem signsbull Very very commonly vaccinated for

here in Texas

Clinical Signs of Rabies

bull Can look like anything

bull Behavioral changes blindness

bull Ataxia and incoordination

bull Feverbull Hypersalivationbull Paralysisbull Colic

Rabies

bull The rabies virus is killed by most disinfectants Only lives in dried saliva or carcass for 24 hours But it can live for days in refrigerated carcasses

When to vaccinate - Rabies

bull Incubation period 2-9 weeksbull Death in 3-5 days once signs

developbull Vaccinate once a yearbull Vaccine is safe and effective

EquiRab a rabies vaccine designed specifically for horses

Rotavirus

bull Most common cause of infectious diarrhea in foals

bull Clinical Signs- profuse watery diarrhea fever lethargy

bull Highly contagious

Rotavirus Vaccination

bull Prevention- vaccination of pregnant mares 30 days before foaling in endemic herds may confer modest protection

Vaccine Pleasure

orShow

Pregnant Mare

Pasture Horse

Boarding Facility

Weanling (gt 6 mo)

Frequency

EEEWEE X X X X X Annual

West Nile Virus

X X X X X MaySept

Rabies X X X X X Annual

Tetanus X X X X X Annual

Herpes (Rhino)

X X X +- Q 6 months

Influenza X X X +- Q 6 months

Strangles X X X +- Annual

PHF +- +- +- +- +- AprilJune

EPM

Botulism Atlantic states

Comments

High rate of

exposure

Maternal Antibodies in last 30 days of

pregnancy

Protect from non-

equine vectors

High rate of exposure

Management Practices

bull Quarantine and monitoring of new horses

bull Isolation facility and protocol

bull Requirements prior to introduction of new horse

bull Separation of groups of horses according to use susceptibility to infection

Management Practices

bull Vector controlbull Management of

sick horsesbull Keep good

records

Questions

Encephalomyelitis

bull WEE seen throughout North America

bull EEE seen mostly in the East and Southeast prevalent in Texas

bull VEE not in US for many years ndash reportable foreign disease

Clinical Signs of Encephalomyelitis

bull Result from inflammation of the brain andor spinal cord

bull Feverbull Depressionbull Staggering gait (ataxia)bull Paralysisbull Seizures

Abnormal Mentation

Abnormal Gait - Ataxia

Encephalomyelitis

bull EEEVEE ndash mortality rate 70-90 die

bull WEE ndash mortality rate about 50

bull Vaccination is safe and generally very effective against these diseases

When to Vaccinate ndash EEEWEE

bull ALL horses should be vaccinated annually in the spring prior to mosquito season

bull In Texas recommend boosting every 6 months for EEEWEE

bull Foals should receive first dose at 3-4 months of age and 2 additional doses one month apart

ENCEVACtrade Line of Equine Vaccines

bull For vaccination of healthy horses against Eastern and Western Equine Encephalomyelitis (Sleeping Sickness) Encevactrade is a formaldehyde inactivated adjuvanted bivalent equine vaccine consisting of Eastern and Western Equine Encephalomyelitis viruses

West Nile Vaccine

bull Another mosquito transmitted virusbull Humans and horses are dead-end

hostsbull Spread by mosquitoes-Culicoides spp

and some birdsbull Prevalent throughout the USbull Causes inflammation of the brain an

spinal cordbull Not contagious from horse to horse

Clinical Signs of West Nile Virus

Can varybull Feverbull Muscle tremorsbull Incoordination

ataxiabull Hypersensitivebull Facial nerve or other

paralysis

West Nile Virus

bull Mortality rate about 33

bull Associated with inability to stand prolonged recumbency

When to Vaccinate - WNV

bull Several vaccines available-Fort Dodge West Nile Innovator ndash killed-Merialrsquos RecombiTek ndash recombinant vaccine-Intervetrsquos PreveNile ndash modified live chimera vaccine

bull Annual vaccination recommendedbull In Texas and states with larger

mosquito populations may boost every 4-6 months

Equine Rhinopneumonitis Vaccine (herpes 1)

bull Pregnant mares should be vaccinated with this vaccine in the 5th 7th and 9th months of gestation to prevent a viral disease whose strains can cause upper respiratory disease abortions stillbirths and weak neonatal foals that fail to survive

Equine Influenza Vaccine

bull The duration of protective immunity from this vaccine is short-lived requiring vaccination every 2 to 3 months during periods of exposure

bull Disease outbreaks usually occur in horses 1 to 3 yrs of age after mixing with infected horses at the racetrack or showgrounds

Equine Influenza

bull Incubation period 1-3 daysbull High fever (1-5 days)bull Young horses are at riskbull Spread by aerosolized droplets

infected fomites ndash highly contagious

Equine Influenza ndash Clinical Signs

bull Cough (several weeks) and feverbull Lethargy depression reduced

appetite muscle sorenessbull Nasal dischargebull Most horses recover in 10-14 days

with supportive care

bullFLU AVERTreg Intra-nasal spray vaccine for Equine Influenza

bullIntranasal vaccine every 6 monthsbullIntramuscular vaccine every 4 monthsbullStart foals at 9 months of age

When to Vaccinate - Influenza

Strangles Vaccine

bull Respiratory disease caused by infection with Streptococcus equi

bull Spread by mucous or contaminated fomites What are fomites

bull Intranasal and IM vaccinesbull Vaccination not 100 effective but can

lessen the severity of incidencebull 2 Types Atypically (transient-cold like)

and Bastard (spread of infection to the organs)

Strangles Streptococcus equi spp equibull Transmission Ingestion or

inhalation of infected discharge

bull Horse-horse contact or fomites

bull Highly contagiousbull High morbidity low

mortalitybull Incubation period 3-5

days

Strangles ndash Clinical Signs

bull Cough fever lymph node enlargement

bull Respiratory distress due to retropharyngeal lymph node enlargement

bull Complications-Purpura-Metastatic (ldquoBastardrdquo) strangles

Vaccination for Strangles

bull Previously affected farms

bull May lessen disease severity

bull Vaccine reactions-Purpura-Abscesses if IM vaccines become contaminated

bull Annual boosterbull Intranasal vaccine

Equine Viral Arteritis

bull Vaccine induces partial to complete protection against the clinical signs of disease but if virus challenged the virus can replicate in the animals body

bull Clinical signs fever depression nasal discharge lacrimation coughing and limb swelling

Potomac Horse Fever Vaccine

bull It is believed that aquatic insects are the vectors ticks snails

bull Efficacy of the vaccine is unknownbull Prevalent in the eastern states

near large waterwaysbull Use of this vaccine is usually in

areas where it is a problem

Botulism Vaccine

bull Usually given to mares 30 days prior to foaling for the prevention of shaker foal syndrome

bull Given in areas of high incidence geographically

Botulism Clostridium botulinum

bull Causes flaccid paralysisbull Endemic in KYbull 2 Forms

1048708 Shaker foal syndrome1048708 Forage poisoning

bull Vaccinate for type B usually in broodmares

Anthrax Vaccine

bull Anthrax vaccines are available for use but are not widely used except where a genuine risk is identified

Rabies Vaccine

bull 100 FATAL in all casesbull Virus affecting the nervous systembull Vaccinate horses where wildlife

(skunks foxes raccoons bats) rabies is endemic in the Houston area

bull Spinalcord or brainstem signsbull Very very commonly vaccinated for

here in Texas

Clinical Signs of Rabies

bull Can look like anything

bull Behavioral changes blindness

bull Ataxia and incoordination

bull Feverbull Hypersalivationbull Paralysisbull Colic

Rabies

bull The rabies virus is killed by most disinfectants Only lives in dried saliva or carcass for 24 hours But it can live for days in refrigerated carcasses

When to vaccinate - Rabies

bull Incubation period 2-9 weeksbull Death in 3-5 days once signs

developbull Vaccinate once a yearbull Vaccine is safe and effective

EquiRab a rabies vaccine designed specifically for horses

Rotavirus

bull Most common cause of infectious diarrhea in foals

bull Clinical Signs- profuse watery diarrhea fever lethargy

bull Highly contagious

Rotavirus Vaccination

bull Prevention- vaccination of pregnant mares 30 days before foaling in endemic herds may confer modest protection

Vaccine Pleasure

orShow

Pregnant Mare

Pasture Horse

Boarding Facility

Weanling (gt 6 mo)

Frequency

EEEWEE X X X X X Annual

West Nile Virus

X X X X X MaySept

Rabies X X X X X Annual

Tetanus X X X X X Annual

Herpes (Rhino)

X X X +- Q 6 months

Influenza X X X +- Q 6 months

Strangles X X X +- Annual

PHF +- +- +- +- +- AprilJune

EPM

Botulism Atlantic states

Comments

High rate of

exposure

Maternal Antibodies in last 30 days of

pregnancy

Protect from non-

equine vectors

High rate of exposure

Management Practices

bull Quarantine and monitoring of new horses

bull Isolation facility and protocol

bull Requirements prior to introduction of new horse

bull Separation of groups of horses according to use susceptibility to infection

Management Practices

bull Vector controlbull Management of

sick horsesbull Keep good

records

Questions

Clinical Signs of Encephalomyelitis

bull Result from inflammation of the brain andor spinal cord

bull Feverbull Depressionbull Staggering gait (ataxia)bull Paralysisbull Seizures

Abnormal Mentation

Abnormal Gait - Ataxia

Encephalomyelitis

bull EEEVEE ndash mortality rate 70-90 die

bull WEE ndash mortality rate about 50

bull Vaccination is safe and generally very effective against these diseases

When to Vaccinate ndash EEEWEE

bull ALL horses should be vaccinated annually in the spring prior to mosquito season

bull In Texas recommend boosting every 6 months for EEEWEE

bull Foals should receive first dose at 3-4 months of age and 2 additional doses one month apart

ENCEVACtrade Line of Equine Vaccines

bull For vaccination of healthy horses against Eastern and Western Equine Encephalomyelitis (Sleeping Sickness) Encevactrade is a formaldehyde inactivated adjuvanted bivalent equine vaccine consisting of Eastern and Western Equine Encephalomyelitis viruses

West Nile Vaccine

bull Another mosquito transmitted virusbull Humans and horses are dead-end

hostsbull Spread by mosquitoes-Culicoides spp

and some birdsbull Prevalent throughout the USbull Causes inflammation of the brain an

spinal cordbull Not contagious from horse to horse

Clinical Signs of West Nile Virus

Can varybull Feverbull Muscle tremorsbull Incoordination

ataxiabull Hypersensitivebull Facial nerve or other

paralysis

West Nile Virus

bull Mortality rate about 33

bull Associated with inability to stand prolonged recumbency

When to Vaccinate - WNV

bull Several vaccines available-Fort Dodge West Nile Innovator ndash killed-Merialrsquos RecombiTek ndash recombinant vaccine-Intervetrsquos PreveNile ndash modified live chimera vaccine

bull Annual vaccination recommendedbull In Texas and states with larger

mosquito populations may boost every 4-6 months

Equine Rhinopneumonitis Vaccine (herpes 1)

bull Pregnant mares should be vaccinated with this vaccine in the 5th 7th and 9th months of gestation to prevent a viral disease whose strains can cause upper respiratory disease abortions stillbirths and weak neonatal foals that fail to survive

Equine Influenza Vaccine

bull The duration of protective immunity from this vaccine is short-lived requiring vaccination every 2 to 3 months during periods of exposure

bull Disease outbreaks usually occur in horses 1 to 3 yrs of age after mixing with infected horses at the racetrack or showgrounds

Equine Influenza

bull Incubation period 1-3 daysbull High fever (1-5 days)bull Young horses are at riskbull Spread by aerosolized droplets

infected fomites ndash highly contagious

Equine Influenza ndash Clinical Signs

bull Cough (several weeks) and feverbull Lethargy depression reduced

appetite muscle sorenessbull Nasal dischargebull Most horses recover in 10-14 days

with supportive care

bullFLU AVERTreg Intra-nasal spray vaccine for Equine Influenza

bullIntranasal vaccine every 6 monthsbullIntramuscular vaccine every 4 monthsbullStart foals at 9 months of age

When to Vaccinate - Influenza

Strangles Vaccine

bull Respiratory disease caused by infection with Streptococcus equi

bull Spread by mucous or contaminated fomites What are fomites

bull Intranasal and IM vaccinesbull Vaccination not 100 effective but can

lessen the severity of incidencebull 2 Types Atypically (transient-cold like)

and Bastard (spread of infection to the organs)

Strangles Streptococcus equi spp equibull Transmission Ingestion or

inhalation of infected discharge

bull Horse-horse contact or fomites

bull Highly contagiousbull High morbidity low

mortalitybull Incubation period 3-5

days

Strangles ndash Clinical Signs

bull Cough fever lymph node enlargement

bull Respiratory distress due to retropharyngeal lymph node enlargement

bull Complications-Purpura-Metastatic (ldquoBastardrdquo) strangles

Vaccination for Strangles

bull Previously affected farms

bull May lessen disease severity

bull Vaccine reactions-Purpura-Abscesses if IM vaccines become contaminated

bull Annual boosterbull Intranasal vaccine

Equine Viral Arteritis

bull Vaccine induces partial to complete protection against the clinical signs of disease but if virus challenged the virus can replicate in the animals body

bull Clinical signs fever depression nasal discharge lacrimation coughing and limb swelling

Potomac Horse Fever Vaccine

bull It is believed that aquatic insects are the vectors ticks snails

bull Efficacy of the vaccine is unknownbull Prevalent in the eastern states

near large waterwaysbull Use of this vaccine is usually in

areas where it is a problem

Botulism Vaccine

bull Usually given to mares 30 days prior to foaling for the prevention of shaker foal syndrome

bull Given in areas of high incidence geographically

Botulism Clostridium botulinum

bull Causes flaccid paralysisbull Endemic in KYbull 2 Forms

1048708 Shaker foal syndrome1048708 Forage poisoning

bull Vaccinate for type B usually in broodmares

Anthrax Vaccine

bull Anthrax vaccines are available for use but are not widely used except where a genuine risk is identified

Rabies Vaccine

bull 100 FATAL in all casesbull Virus affecting the nervous systembull Vaccinate horses where wildlife

(skunks foxes raccoons bats) rabies is endemic in the Houston area

bull Spinalcord or brainstem signsbull Very very commonly vaccinated for

here in Texas

Clinical Signs of Rabies

bull Can look like anything

bull Behavioral changes blindness

bull Ataxia and incoordination

bull Feverbull Hypersalivationbull Paralysisbull Colic

Rabies

bull The rabies virus is killed by most disinfectants Only lives in dried saliva or carcass for 24 hours But it can live for days in refrigerated carcasses

When to vaccinate - Rabies

bull Incubation period 2-9 weeksbull Death in 3-5 days once signs

developbull Vaccinate once a yearbull Vaccine is safe and effective

EquiRab a rabies vaccine designed specifically for horses

Rotavirus

bull Most common cause of infectious diarrhea in foals

bull Clinical Signs- profuse watery diarrhea fever lethargy

bull Highly contagious

Rotavirus Vaccination

bull Prevention- vaccination of pregnant mares 30 days before foaling in endemic herds may confer modest protection

Vaccine Pleasure

orShow

Pregnant Mare

Pasture Horse

Boarding Facility

Weanling (gt 6 mo)

Frequency

EEEWEE X X X X X Annual

West Nile Virus

X X X X X MaySept

Rabies X X X X X Annual

Tetanus X X X X X Annual

Herpes (Rhino)

X X X +- Q 6 months

Influenza X X X +- Q 6 months

Strangles X X X +- Annual

PHF +- +- +- +- +- AprilJune

EPM

Botulism Atlantic states

Comments

High rate of

exposure

Maternal Antibodies in last 30 days of

pregnancy

Protect from non-

equine vectors

High rate of exposure

Management Practices

bull Quarantine and monitoring of new horses

bull Isolation facility and protocol

bull Requirements prior to introduction of new horse

bull Separation of groups of horses according to use susceptibility to infection

Management Practices

bull Vector controlbull Management of

sick horsesbull Keep good

records

Questions

Abnormal Mentation

Abnormal Gait - Ataxia

Encephalomyelitis

bull EEEVEE ndash mortality rate 70-90 die

bull WEE ndash mortality rate about 50

bull Vaccination is safe and generally very effective against these diseases

When to Vaccinate ndash EEEWEE

bull ALL horses should be vaccinated annually in the spring prior to mosquito season

bull In Texas recommend boosting every 6 months for EEEWEE

bull Foals should receive first dose at 3-4 months of age and 2 additional doses one month apart

ENCEVACtrade Line of Equine Vaccines

bull For vaccination of healthy horses against Eastern and Western Equine Encephalomyelitis (Sleeping Sickness) Encevactrade is a formaldehyde inactivated adjuvanted bivalent equine vaccine consisting of Eastern and Western Equine Encephalomyelitis viruses

West Nile Vaccine

bull Another mosquito transmitted virusbull Humans and horses are dead-end

hostsbull Spread by mosquitoes-Culicoides spp

and some birdsbull Prevalent throughout the USbull Causes inflammation of the brain an

spinal cordbull Not contagious from horse to horse

Clinical Signs of West Nile Virus

Can varybull Feverbull Muscle tremorsbull Incoordination

ataxiabull Hypersensitivebull Facial nerve or other

paralysis

West Nile Virus

bull Mortality rate about 33

bull Associated with inability to stand prolonged recumbency

When to Vaccinate - WNV

bull Several vaccines available-Fort Dodge West Nile Innovator ndash killed-Merialrsquos RecombiTek ndash recombinant vaccine-Intervetrsquos PreveNile ndash modified live chimera vaccine

bull Annual vaccination recommendedbull In Texas and states with larger

mosquito populations may boost every 4-6 months

Equine Rhinopneumonitis Vaccine (herpes 1)

bull Pregnant mares should be vaccinated with this vaccine in the 5th 7th and 9th months of gestation to prevent a viral disease whose strains can cause upper respiratory disease abortions stillbirths and weak neonatal foals that fail to survive

Equine Influenza Vaccine

bull The duration of protective immunity from this vaccine is short-lived requiring vaccination every 2 to 3 months during periods of exposure

bull Disease outbreaks usually occur in horses 1 to 3 yrs of age after mixing with infected horses at the racetrack or showgrounds

Equine Influenza

bull Incubation period 1-3 daysbull High fever (1-5 days)bull Young horses are at riskbull Spread by aerosolized droplets

infected fomites ndash highly contagious

Equine Influenza ndash Clinical Signs

bull Cough (several weeks) and feverbull Lethargy depression reduced

appetite muscle sorenessbull Nasal dischargebull Most horses recover in 10-14 days

with supportive care

bullFLU AVERTreg Intra-nasal spray vaccine for Equine Influenza

bullIntranasal vaccine every 6 monthsbullIntramuscular vaccine every 4 monthsbullStart foals at 9 months of age

When to Vaccinate - Influenza

Strangles Vaccine

bull Respiratory disease caused by infection with Streptococcus equi

bull Spread by mucous or contaminated fomites What are fomites

bull Intranasal and IM vaccinesbull Vaccination not 100 effective but can

lessen the severity of incidencebull 2 Types Atypically (transient-cold like)

and Bastard (spread of infection to the organs)

Strangles Streptococcus equi spp equibull Transmission Ingestion or

inhalation of infected discharge

bull Horse-horse contact or fomites

bull Highly contagiousbull High morbidity low

mortalitybull Incubation period 3-5

days

Strangles ndash Clinical Signs

bull Cough fever lymph node enlargement

bull Respiratory distress due to retropharyngeal lymph node enlargement

bull Complications-Purpura-Metastatic (ldquoBastardrdquo) strangles

Vaccination for Strangles

bull Previously affected farms

bull May lessen disease severity

bull Vaccine reactions-Purpura-Abscesses if IM vaccines become contaminated

bull Annual boosterbull Intranasal vaccine

Equine Viral Arteritis

bull Vaccine induces partial to complete protection against the clinical signs of disease but if virus challenged the virus can replicate in the animals body

bull Clinical signs fever depression nasal discharge lacrimation coughing and limb swelling

Potomac Horse Fever Vaccine

bull It is believed that aquatic insects are the vectors ticks snails

bull Efficacy of the vaccine is unknownbull Prevalent in the eastern states

near large waterwaysbull Use of this vaccine is usually in

areas where it is a problem

Botulism Vaccine

bull Usually given to mares 30 days prior to foaling for the prevention of shaker foal syndrome

bull Given in areas of high incidence geographically

Botulism Clostridium botulinum

bull Causes flaccid paralysisbull Endemic in KYbull 2 Forms

1048708 Shaker foal syndrome1048708 Forage poisoning

bull Vaccinate for type B usually in broodmares

Anthrax Vaccine

bull Anthrax vaccines are available for use but are not widely used except where a genuine risk is identified

Rabies Vaccine

bull 100 FATAL in all casesbull Virus affecting the nervous systembull Vaccinate horses where wildlife

(skunks foxes raccoons bats) rabies is endemic in the Houston area

bull Spinalcord or brainstem signsbull Very very commonly vaccinated for

here in Texas

Clinical Signs of Rabies

bull Can look like anything

bull Behavioral changes blindness

bull Ataxia and incoordination

bull Feverbull Hypersalivationbull Paralysisbull Colic

Rabies

bull The rabies virus is killed by most disinfectants Only lives in dried saliva or carcass for 24 hours But it can live for days in refrigerated carcasses

When to vaccinate - Rabies

bull Incubation period 2-9 weeksbull Death in 3-5 days once signs

developbull Vaccinate once a yearbull Vaccine is safe and effective

EquiRab a rabies vaccine designed specifically for horses

Rotavirus

bull Most common cause of infectious diarrhea in foals

bull Clinical Signs- profuse watery diarrhea fever lethargy

bull Highly contagious

Rotavirus Vaccination

bull Prevention- vaccination of pregnant mares 30 days before foaling in endemic herds may confer modest protection

Vaccine Pleasure

orShow

Pregnant Mare

Pasture Horse

Boarding Facility

Weanling (gt 6 mo)

Frequency

EEEWEE X X X X X Annual

West Nile Virus

X X X X X MaySept

Rabies X X X X X Annual

Tetanus X X X X X Annual

Herpes (Rhino)

X X X +- Q 6 months

Influenza X X X +- Q 6 months

Strangles X X X +- Annual

PHF +- +- +- +- +- AprilJune

EPM

Botulism Atlantic states

Comments

High rate of

exposure

Maternal Antibodies in last 30 days of

pregnancy

Protect from non-

equine vectors

High rate of exposure

Management Practices

bull Quarantine and monitoring of new horses

bull Isolation facility and protocol

bull Requirements prior to introduction of new horse

bull Separation of groups of horses according to use susceptibility to infection

Management Practices

bull Vector controlbull Management of

sick horsesbull Keep good

records

Questions

Abnormal Gait - Ataxia

Encephalomyelitis

bull EEEVEE ndash mortality rate 70-90 die

bull WEE ndash mortality rate about 50

bull Vaccination is safe and generally very effective against these diseases

When to Vaccinate ndash EEEWEE

bull ALL horses should be vaccinated annually in the spring prior to mosquito season

bull In Texas recommend boosting every 6 months for EEEWEE

bull Foals should receive first dose at 3-4 months of age and 2 additional doses one month apart

ENCEVACtrade Line of Equine Vaccines

bull For vaccination of healthy horses against Eastern and Western Equine Encephalomyelitis (Sleeping Sickness) Encevactrade is a formaldehyde inactivated adjuvanted bivalent equine vaccine consisting of Eastern and Western Equine Encephalomyelitis viruses

West Nile Vaccine

bull Another mosquito transmitted virusbull Humans and horses are dead-end

hostsbull Spread by mosquitoes-Culicoides spp

and some birdsbull Prevalent throughout the USbull Causes inflammation of the brain an

spinal cordbull Not contagious from horse to horse

Clinical Signs of West Nile Virus

Can varybull Feverbull Muscle tremorsbull Incoordination

ataxiabull Hypersensitivebull Facial nerve or other

paralysis

West Nile Virus

bull Mortality rate about 33

bull Associated with inability to stand prolonged recumbency

When to Vaccinate - WNV

bull Several vaccines available-Fort Dodge West Nile Innovator ndash killed-Merialrsquos RecombiTek ndash recombinant vaccine-Intervetrsquos PreveNile ndash modified live chimera vaccine

bull Annual vaccination recommendedbull In Texas and states with larger

mosquito populations may boost every 4-6 months

Equine Rhinopneumonitis Vaccine (herpes 1)

bull Pregnant mares should be vaccinated with this vaccine in the 5th 7th and 9th months of gestation to prevent a viral disease whose strains can cause upper respiratory disease abortions stillbirths and weak neonatal foals that fail to survive

Equine Influenza Vaccine

bull The duration of protective immunity from this vaccine is short-lived requiring vaccination every 2 to 3 months during periods of exposure

bull Disease outbreaks usually occur in horses 1 to 3 yrs of age after mixing with infected horses at the racetrack or showgrounds

Equine Influenza

bull Incubation period 1-3 daysbull High fever (1-5 days)bull Young horses are at riskbull Spread by aerosolized droplets

infected fomites ndash highly contagious

Equine Influenza ndash Clinical Signs

bull Cough (several weeks) and feverbull Lethargy depression reduced

appetite muscle sorenessbull Nasal dischargebull Most horses recover in 10-14 days

with supportive care

bullFLU AVERTreg Intra-nasal spray vaccine for Equine Influenza

bullIntranasal vaccine every 6 monthsbullIntramuscular vaccine every 4 monthsbullStart foals at 9 months of age

When to Vaccinate - Influenza

Strangles Vaccine

bull Respiratory disease caused by infection with Streptococcus equi

bull Spread by mucous or contaminated fomites What are fomites

bull Intranasal and IM vaccinesbull Vaccination not 100 effective but can

lessen the severity of incidencebull 2 Types Atypically (transient-cold like)

and Bastard (spread of infection to the organs)

Strangles Streptococcus equi spp equibull Transmission Ingestion or

inhalation of infected discharge

bull Horse-horse contact or fomites

bull Highly contagiousbull High morbidity low

mortalitybull Incubation period 3-5

days

Strangles ndash Clinical Signs

bull Cough fever lymph node enlargement

bull Respiratory distress due to retropharyngeal lymph node enlargement

bull Complications-Purpura-Metastatic (ldquoBastardrdquo) strangles

Vaccination for Strangles

bull Previously affected farms

bull May lessen disease severity

bull Vaccine reactions-Purpura-Abscesses if IM vaccines become contaminated

bull Annual boosterbull Intranasal vaccine

Equine Viral Arteritis

bull Vaccine induces partial to complete protection against the clinical signs of disease but if virus challenged the virus can replicate in the animals body

bull Clinical signs fever depression nasal discharge lacrimation coughing and limb swelling

Potomac Horse Fever Vaccine

bull It is believed that aquatic insects are the vectors ticks snails

bull Efficacy of the vaccine is unknownbull Prevalent in the eastern states

near large waterwaysbull Use of this vaccine is usually in

areas where it is a problem

Botulism Vaccine

bull Usually given to mares 30 days prior to foaling for the prevention of shaker foal syndrome

bull Given in areas of high incidence geographically

Botulism Clostridium botulinum

bull Causes flaccid paralysisbull Endemic in KYbull 2 Forms

1048708 Shaker foal syndrome1048708 Forage poisoning

bull Vaccinate for type B usually in broodmares

Anthrax Vaccine

bull Anthrax vaccines are available for use but are not widely used except where a genuine risk is identified

Rabies Vaccine

bull 100 FATAL in all casesbull Virus affecting the nervous systembull Vaccinate horses where wildlife

(skunks foxes raccoons bats) rabies is endemic in the Houston area

bull Spinalcord or brainstem signsbull Very very commonly vaccinated for

here in Texas

Clinical Signs of Rabies

bull Can look like anything

bull Behavioral changes blindness

bull Ataxia and incoordination

bull Feverbull Hypersalivationbull Paralysisbull Colic

Rabies

bull The rabies virus is killed by most disinfectants Only lives in dried saliva or carcass for 24 hours But it can live for days in refrigerated carcasses

When to vaccinate - Rabies

bull Incubation period 2-9 weeksbull Death in 3-5 days once signs

developbull Vaccinate once a yearbull Vaccine is safe and effective

EquiRab a rabies vaccine designed specifically for horses

Rotavirus

bull Most common cause of infectious diarrhea in foals

bull Clinical Signs- profuse watery diarrhea fever lethargy

bull Highly contagious

Rotavirus Vaccination

bull Prevention- vaccination of pregnant mares 30 days before foaling in endemic herds may confer modest protection

Vaccine Pleasure

orShow

Pregnant Mare

Pasture Horse

Boarding Facility

Weanling (gt 6 mo)

Frequency

EEEWEE X X X X X Annual

West Nile Virus

X X X X X MaySept

Rabies X X X X X Annual

Tetanus X X X X X Annual

Herpes (Rhino)

X X X +- Q 6 months

Influenza X X X +- Q 6 months

Strangles X X X +- Annual

PHF +- +- +- +- +- AprilJune

EPM

Botulism Atlantic states

Comments

High rate of

exposure

Maternal Antibodies in last 30 days of

pregnancy

Protect from non-

equine vectors

High rate of exposure

Management Practices

bull Quarantine and monitoring of new horses

bull Isolation facility and protocol

bull Requirements prior to introduction of new horse

bull Separation of groups of horses according to use susceptibility to infection

Management Practices

bull Vector controlbull Management of

sick horsesbull Keep good

records

Questions

Encephalomyelitis

bull EEEVEE ndash mortality rate 70-90 die

bull WEE ndash mortality rate about 50

bull Vaccination is safe and generally very effective against these diseases

When to Vaccinate ndash EEEWEE

bull ALL horses should be vaccinated annually in the spring prior to mosquito season

bull In Texas recommend boosting every 6 months for EEEWEE

bull Foals should receive first dose at 3-4 months of age and 2 additional doses one month apart

ENCEVACtrade Line of Equine Vaccines

bull For vaccination of healthy horses against Eastern and Western Equine Encephalomyelitis (Sleeping Sickness) Encevactrade is a formaldehyde inactivated adjuvanted bivalent equine vaccine consisting of Eastern and Western Equine Encephalomyelitis viruses

West Nile Vaccine

bull Another mosquito transmitted virusbull Humans and horses are dead-end

hostsbull Spread by mosquitoes-Culicoides spp

and some birdsbull Prevalent throughout the USbull Causes inflammation of the brain an

spinal cordbull Not contagious from horse to horse

Clinical Signs of West Nile Virus

Can varybull Feverbull Muscle tremorsbull Incoordination

ataxiabull Hypersensitivebull Facial nerve or other

paralysis

West Nile Virus

bull Mortality rate about 33

bull Associated with inability to stand prolonged recumbency

When to Vaccinate - WNV

bull Several vaccines available-Fort Dodge West Nile Innovator ndash killed-Merialrsquos RecombiTek ndash recombinant vaccine-Intervetrsquos PreveNile ndash modified live chimera vaccine

bull Annual vaccination recommendedbull In Texas and states with larger

mosquito populations may boost every 4-6 months

Equine Rhinopneumonitis Vaccine (herpes 1)

bull Pregnant mares should be vaccinated with this vaccine in the 5th 7th and 9th months of gestation to prevent a viral disease whose strains can cause upper respiratory disease abortions stillbirths and weak neonatal foals that fail to survive

Equine Influenza Vaccine

bull The duration of protective immunity from this vaccine is short-lived requiring vaccination every 2 to 3 months during periods of exposure

bull Disease outbreaks usually occur in horses 1 to 3 yrs of age after mixing with infected horses at the racetrack or showgrounds

Equine Influenza

bull Incubation period 1-3 daysbull High fever (1-5 days)bull Young horses are at riskbull Spread by aerosolized droplets

infected fomites ndash highly contagious

Equine Influenza ndash Clinical Signs

bull Cough (several weeks) and feverbull Lethargy depression reduced

appetite muscle sorenessbull Nasal dischargebull Most horses recover in 10-14 days

with supportive care

bullFLU AVERTreg Intra-nasal spray vaccine for Equine Influenza

bullIntranasal vaccine every 6 monthsbullIntramuscular vaccine every 4 monthsbullStart foals at 9 months of age

When to Vaccinate - Influenza

Strangles Vaccine

bull Respiratory disease caused by infection with Streptococcus equi

bull Spread by mucous or contaminated fomites What are fomites

bull Intranasal and IM vaccinesbull Vaccination not 100 effective but can

lessen the severity of incidencebull 2 Types Atypically (transient-cold like)

and Bastard (spread of infection to the organs)

Strangles Streptococcus equi spp equibull Transmission Ingestion or

inhalation of infected discharge

bull Horse-horse contact or fomites

bull Highly contagiousbull High morbidity low

mortalitybull Incubation period 3-5

days

Strangles ndash Clinical Signs

bull Cough fever lymph node enlargement

bull Respiratory distress due to retropharyngeal lymph node enlargement

bull Complications-Purpura-Metastatic (ldquoBastardrdquo) strangles

Vaccination for Strangles

bull Previously affected farms

bull May lessen disease severity

bull Vaccine reactions-Purpura-Abscesses if IM vaccines become contaminated

bull Annual boosterbull Intranasal vaccine

Equine Viral Arteritis

bull Vaccine induces partial to complete protection against the clinical signs of disease but if virus challenged the virus can replicate in the animals body

bull Clinical signs fever depression nasal discharge lacrimation coughing and limb swelling

Potomac Horse Fever Vaccine

bull It is believed that aquatic insects are the vectors ticks snails

bull Efficacy of the vaccine is unknownbull Prevalent in the eastern states

near large waterwaysbull Use of this vaccine is usually in

areas where it is a problem

Botulism Vaccine

bull Usually given to mares 30 days prior to foaling for the prevention of shaker foal syndrome

bull Given in areas of high incidence geographically

Botulism Clostridium botulinum

bull Causes flaccid paralysisbull Endemic in KYbull 2 Forms

1048708 Shaker foal syndrome1048708 Forage poisoning

bull Vaccinate for type B usually in broodmares

Anthrax Vaccine

bull Anthrax vaccines are available for use but are not widely used except where a genuine risk is identified

Rabies Vaccine

bull 100 FATAL in all casesbull Virus affecting the nervous systembull Vaccinate horses where wildlife

(skunks foxes raccoons bats) rabies is endemic in the Houston area

bull Spinalcord or brainstem signsbull Very very commonly vaccinated for

here in Texas

Clinical Signs of Rabies

bull Can look like anything

bull Behavioral changes blindness

bull Ataxia and incoordination

bull Feverbull Hypersalivationbull Paralysisbull Colic

Rabies

bull The rabies virus is killed by most disinfectants Only lives in dried saliva or carcass for 24 hours But it can live for days in refrigerated carcasses

When to vaccinate - Rabies

bull Incubation period 2-9 weeksbull Death in 3-5 days once signs

developbull Vaccinate once a yearbull Vaccine is safe and effective

EquiRab a rabies vaccine designed specifically for horses

Rotavirus

bull Most common cause of infectious diarrhea in foals

bull Clinical Signs- profuse watery diarrhea fever lethargy

bull Highly contagious

Rotavirus Vaccination

bull Prevention- vaccination of pregnant mares 30 days before foaling in endemic herds may confer modest protection

Vaccine Pleasure

orShow

Pregnant Mare

Pasture Horse

Boarding Facility

Weanling (gt 6 mo)

Frequency

EEEWEE X X X X X Annual

West Nile Virus

X X X X X MaySept

Rabies X X X X X Annual

Tetanus X X X X X Annual

Herpes (Rhino)

X X X +- Q 6 months

Influenza X X X +- Q 6 months

Strangles X X X +- Annual

PHF +- +- +- +- +- AprilJune

EPM

Botulism Atlantic states

Comments

High rate of

exposure

Maternal Antibodies in last 30 days of

pregnancy

Protect from non-

equine vectors

High rate of exposure

Management Practices

bull Quarantine and monitoring of new horses

bull Isolation facility and protocol

bull Requirements prior to introduction of new horse

bull Separation of groups of horses according to use susceptibility to infection

Management Practices

bull Vector controlbull Management of

sick horsesbull Keep good

records

Questions

When to Vaccinate ndash EEEWEE

bull ALL horses should be vaccinated annually in the spring prior to mosquito season

bull In Texas recommend boosting every 6 months for EEEWEE

bull Foals should receive first dose at 3-4 months of age and 2 additional doses one month apart

ENCEVACtrade Line of Equine Vaccines

bull For vaccination of healthy horses against Eastern and Western Equine Encephalomyelitis (Sleeping Sickness) Encevactrade is a formaldehyde inactivated adjuvanted bivalent equine vaccine consisting of Eastern and Western Equine Encephalomyelitis viruses

West Nile Vaccine

bull Another mosquito transmitted virusbull Humans and horses are dead-end

hostsbull Spread by mosquitoes-Culicoides spp

and some birdsbull Prevalent throughout the USbull Causes inflammation of the brain an

spinal cordbull Not contagious from horse to horse

Clinical Signs of West Nile Virus

Can varybull Feverbull Muscle tremorsbull Incoordination

ataxiabull Hypersensitivebull Facial nerve or other

paralysis

West Nile Virus

bull Mortality rate about 33

bull Associated with inability to stand prolonged recumbency

When to Vaccinate - WNV

bull Several vaccines available-Fort Dodge West Nile Innovator ndash killed-Merialrsquos RecombiTek ndash recombinant vaccine-Intervetrsquos PreveNile ndash modified live chimera vaccine

bull Annual vaccination recommendedbull In Texas and states with larger

mosquito populations may boost every 4-6 months

Equine Rhinopneumonitis Vaccine (herpes 1)

bull Pregnant mares should be vaccinated with this vaccine in the 5th 7th and 9th months of gestation to prevent a viral disease whose strains can cause upper respiratory disease abortions stillbirths and weak neonatal foals that fail to survive

Equine Influenza Vaccine

bull The duration of protective immunity from this vaccine is short-lived requiring vaccination every 2 to 3 months during periods of exposure

bull Disease outbreaks usually occur in horses 1 to 3 yrs of age after mixing with infected horses at the racetrack or showgrounds

Equine Influenza

bull Incubation period 1-3 daysbull High fever (1-5 days)bull Young horses are at riskbull Spread by aerosolized droplets

infected fomites ndash highly contagious

Equine Influenza ndash Clinical Signs

bull Cough (several weeks) and feverbull Lethargy depression reduced

appetite muscle sorenessbull Nasal dischargebull Most horses recover in 10-14 days

with supportive care

bullFLU AVERTreg Intra-nasal spray vaccine for Equine Influenza

bullIntranasal vaccine every 6 monthsbullIntramuscular vaccine every 4 monthsbullStart foals at 9 months of age

When to Vaccinate - Influenza

Strangles Vaccine

bull Respiratory disease caused by infection with Streptococcus equi

bull Spread by mucous or contaminated fomites What are fomites

bull Intranasal and IM vaccinesbull Vaccination not 100 effective but can

lessen the severity of incidencebull 2 Types Atypically (transient-cold like)

and Bastard (spread of infection to the organs)

Strangles Streptococcus equi spp equibull Transmission Ingestion or

inhalation of infected discharge

bull Horse-horse contact or fomites

bull Highly contagiousbull High morbidity low

mortalitybull Incubation period 3-5

days

Strangles ndash Clinical Signs

bull Cough fever lymph node enlargement

bull Respiratory distress due to retropharyngeal lymph node enlargement

bull Complications-Purpura-Metastatic (ldquoBastardrdquo) strangles

Vaccination for Strangles

bull Previously affected farms

bull May lessen disease severity

bull Vaccine reactions-Purpura-Abscesses if IM vaccines become contaminated

bull Annual boosterbull Intranasal vaccine

Equine Viral Arteritis

bull Vaccine induces partial to complete protection against the clinical signs of disease but if virus challenged the virus can replicate in the animals body

bull Clinical signs fever depression nasal discharge lacrimation coughing and limb swelling

Potomac Horse Fever Vaccine

bull It is believed that aquatic insects are the vectors ticks snails

bull Efficacy of the vaccine is unknownbull Prevalent in the eastern states

near large waterwaysbull Use of this vaccine is usually in

areas where it is a problem

Botulism Vaccine

bull Usually given to mares 30 days prior to foaling for the prevention of shaker foal syndrome

bull Given in areas of high incidence geographically

Botulism Clostridium botulinum

bull Causes flaccid paralysisbull Endemic in KYbull 2 Forms

1048708 Shaker foal syndrome1048708 Forage poisoning

bull Vaccinate for type B usually in broodmares

Anthrax Vaccine

bull Anthrax vaccines are available for use but are not widely used except where a genuine risk is identified

Rabies Vaccine

bull 100 FATAL in all casesbull Virus affecting the nervous systembull Vaccinate horses where wildlife

(skunks foxes raccoons bats) rabies is endemic in the Houston area

bull Spinalcord or brainstem signsbull Very very commonly vaccinated for

here in Texas

Clinical Signs of Rabies

bull Can look like anything

bull Behavioral changes blindness

bull Ataxia and incoordination

bull Feverbull Hypersalivationbull Paralysisbull Colic

Rabies

bull The rabies virus is killed by most disinfectants Only lives in dried saliva or carcass for 24 hours But it can live for days in refrigerated carcasses

When to vaccinate - Rabies

bull Incubation period 2-9 weeksbull Death in 3-5 days once signs

developbull Vaccinate once a yearbull Vaccine is safe and effective

EquiRab a rabies vaccine designed specifically for horses

Rotavirus

bull Most common cause of infectious diarrhea in foals

bull Clinical Signs- profuse watery diarrhea fever lethargy

bull Highly contagious

Rotavirus Vaccination

bull Prevention- vaccination of pregnant mares 30 days before foaling in endemic herds may confer modest protection

Vaccine Pleasure

orShow

Pregnant Mare

Pasture Horse

Boarding Facility

Weanling (gt 6 mo)

Frequency

EEEWEE X X X X X Annual

West Nile Virus

X X X X X MaySept

Rabies X X X X X Annual

Tetanus X X X X X Annual

Herpes (Rhino)

X X X +- Q 6 months

Influenza X X X +- Q 6 months

Strangles X X X +- Annual

PHF +- +- +- +- +- AprilJune

EPM

Botulism Atlantic states

Comments

High rate of

exposure

Maternal Antibodies in last 30 days of

pregnancy

Protect from non-

equine vectors

High rate of exposure

Management Practices

bull Quarantine and monitoring of new horses

bull Isolation facility and protocol

bull Requirements prior to introduction of new horse

bull Separation of groups of horses according to use susceptibility to infection

Management Practices

bull Vector controlbull Management of

sick horsesbull Keep good

records

Questions

ENCEVACtrade Line of Equine Vaccines

bull For vaccination of healthy horses against Eastern and Western Equine Encephalomyelitis (Sleeping Sickness) Encevactrade is a formaldehyde inactivated adjuvanted bivalent equine vaccine consisting of Eastern and Western Equine Encephalomyelitis viruses

West Nile Vaccine

bull Another mosquito transmitted virusbull Humans and horses are dead-end

hostsbull Spread by mosquitoes-Culicoides spp

and some birdsbull Prevalent throughout the USbull Causes inflammation of the brain an

spinal cordbull Not contagious from horse to horse

Clinical Signs of West Nile Virus

Can varybull Feverbull Muscle tremorsbull Incoordination

ataxiabull Hypersensitivebull Facial nerve or other

paralysis

West Nile Virus

bull Mortality rate about 33

bull Associated with inability to stand prolonged recumbency

When to Vaccinate - WNV

bull Several vaccines available-Fort Dodge West Nile Innovator ndash killed-Merialrsquos RecombiTek ndash recombinant vaccine-Intervetrsquos PreveNile ndash modified live chimera vaccine

bull Annual vaccination recommendedbull In Texas and states with larger

mosquito populations may boost every 4-6 months

Equine Rhinopneumonitis Vaccine (herpes 1)

bull Pregnant mares should be vaccinated with this vaccine in the 5th 7th and 9th months of gestation to prevent a viral disease whose strains can cause upper respiratory disease abortions stillbirths and weak neonatal foals that fail to survive

Equine Influenza Vaccine

bull The duration of protective immunity from this vaccine is short-lived requiring vaccination every 2 to 3 months during periods of exposure

bull Disease outbreaks usually occur in horses 1 to 3 yrs of age after mixing with infected horses at the racetrack or showgrounds

Equine Influenza

bull Incubation period 1-3 daysbull High fever (1-5 days)bull Young horses are at riskbull Spread by aerosolized droplets

infected fomites ndash highly contagious

Equine Influenza ndash Clinical Signs

bull Cough (several weeks) and feverbull Lethargy depression reduced

appetite muscle sorenessbull Nasal dischargebull Most horses recover in 10-14 days

with supportive care

bullFLU AVERTreg Intra-nasal spray vaccine for Equine Influenza

bullIntranasal vaccine every 6 monthsbullIntramuscular vaccine every 4 monthsbullStart foals at 9 months of age

When to Vaccinate - Influenza

Strangles Vaccine

bull Respiratory disease caused by infection with Streptococcus equi

bull Spread by mucous or contaminated fomites What are fomites

bull Intranasal and IM vaccinesbull Vaccination not 100 effective but can

lessen the severity of incidencebull 2 Types Atypically (transient-cold like)

and Bastard (spread of infection to the organs)

Strangles Streptococcus equi spp equibull Transmission Ingestion or

inhalation of infected discharge

bull Horse-horse contact or fomites

bull Highly contagiousbull High morbidity low

mortalitybull Incubation period 3-5

days

Strangles ndash Clinical Signs

bull Cough fever lymph node enlargement

bull Respiratory distress due to retropharyngeal lymph node enlargement

bull Complications-Purpura-Metastatic (ldquoBastardrdquo) strangles

Vaccination for Strangles

bull Previously affected farms

bull May lessen disease severity

bull Vaccine reactions-Purpura-Abscesses if IM vaccines become contaminated

bull Annual boosterbull Intranasal vaccine

Equine Viral Arteritis

bull Vaccine induces partial to complete protection against the clinical signs of disease but if virus challenged the virus can replicate in the animals body

bull Clinical signs fever depression nasal discharge lacrimation coughing and limb swelling

Potomac Horse Fever Vaccine

bull It is believed that aquatic insects are the vectors ticks snails

bull Efficacy of the vaccine is unknownbull Prevalent in the eastern states

near large waterwaysbull Use of this vaccine is usually in

areas where it is a problem

Botulism Vaccine

bull Usually given to mares 30 days prior to foaling for the prevention of shaker foal syndrome

bull Given in areas of high incidence geographically

Botulism Clostridium botulinum

bull Causes flaccid paralysisbull Endemic in KYbull 2 Forms

1048708 Shaker foal syndrome1048708 Forage poisoning

bull Vaccinate for type B usually in broodmares

Anthrax Vaccine

bull Anthrax vaccines are available for use but are not widely used except where a genuine risk is identified

Rabies Vaccine

bull 100 FATAL in all casesbull Virus affecting the nervous systembull Vaccinate horses where wildlife

(skunks foxes raccoons bats) rabies is endemic in the Houston area

bull Spinalcord or brainstem signsbull Very very commonly vaccinated for

here in Texas

Clinical Signs of Rabies

bull Can look like anything

bull Behavioral changes blindness

bull Ataxia and incoordination

bull Feverbull Hypersalivationbull Paralysisbull Colic

Rabies

bull The rabies virus is killed by most disinfectants Only lives in dried saliva or carcass for 24 hours But it can live for days in refrigerated carcasses

When to vaccinate - Rabies

bull Incubation period 2-9 weeksbull Death in 3-5 days once signs

developbull Vaccinate once a yearbull Vaccine is safe and effective

EquiRab a rabies vaccine designed specifically for horses

Rotavirus

bull Most common cause of infectious diarrhea in foals

bull Clinical Signs- profuse watery diarrhea fever lethargy

bull Highly contagious

Rotavirus Vaccination

bull Prevention- vaccination of pregnant mares 30 days before foaling in endemic herds may confer modest protection

Vaccine Pleasure

orShow

Pregnant Mare

Pasture Horse

Boarding Facility

Weanling (gt 6 mo)

Frequency

EEEWEE X X X X X Annual

West Nile Virus

X X X X X MaySept

Rabies X X X X X Annual

Tetanus X X X X X Annual

Herpes (Rhino)

X X X +- Q 6 months

Influenza X X X +- Q 6 months

Strangles X X X +- Annual

PHF +- +- +- +- +- AprilJune

EPM

Botulism Atlantic states

Comments

High rate of

exposure

Maternal Antibodies in last 30 days of

pregnancy

Protect from non-

equine vectors

High rate of exposure

Management Practices

bull Quarantine and monitoring of new horses

bull Isolation facility and protocol

bull Requirements prior to introduction of new horse

bull Separation of groups of horses according to use susceptibility to infection

Management Practices

bull Vector controlbull Management of

sick horsesbull Keep good

records

Questions

West Nile Vaccine

bull Another mosquito transmitted virusbull Humans and horses are dead-end

hostsbull Spread by mosquitoes-Culicoides spp

and some birdsbull Prevalent throughout the USbull Causes inflammation of the brain an

spinal cordbull Not contagious from horse to horse

Clinical Signs of West Nile Virus

Can varybull Feverbull Muscle tremorsbull Incoordination

ataxiabull Hypersensitivebull Facial nerve or other

paralysis

West Nile Virus

bull Mortality rate about 33

bull Associated with inability to stand prolonged recumbency

When to Vaccinate - WNV

bull Several vaccines available-Fort Dodge West Nile Innovator ndash killed-Merialrsquos RecombiTek ndash recombinant vaccine-Intervetrsquos PreveNile ndash modified live chimera vaccine

bull Annual vaccination recommendedbull In Texas and states with larger

mosquito populations may boost every 4-6 months

Equine Rhinopneumonitis Vaccine (herpes 1)

bull Pregnant mares should be vaccinated with this vaccine in the 5th 7th and 9th months of gestation to prevent a viral disease whose strains can cause upper respiratory disease abortions stillbirths and weak neonatal foals that fail to survive

Equine Influenza Vaccine

bull The duration of protective immunity from this vaccine is short-lived requiring vaccination every 2 to 3 months during periods of exposure

bull Disease outbreaks usually occur in horses 1 to 3 yrs of age after mixing with infected horses at the racetrack or showgrounds

Equine Influenza

bull Incubation period 1-3 daysbull High fever (1-5 days)bull Young horses are at riskbull Spread by aerosolized droplets

infected fomites ndash highly contagious

Equine Influenza ndash Clinical Signs

bull Cough (several weeks) and feverbull Lethargy depression reduced

appetite muscle sorenessbull Nasal dischargebull Most horses recover in 10-14 days

with supportive care

bullFLU AVERTreg Intra-nasal spray vaccine for Equine Influenza

bullIntranasal vaccine every 6 monthsbullIntramuscular vaccine every 4 monthsbullStart foals at 9 months of age

When to Vaccinate - Influenza

Strangles Vaccine

bull Respiratory disease caused by infection with Streptococcus equi

bull Spread by mucous or contaminated fomites What are fomites

bull Intranasal and IM vaccinesbull Vaccination not 100 effective but can

lessen the severity of incidencebull 2 Types Atypically (transient-cold like)

and Bastard (spread of infection to the organs)

Strangles Streptococcus equi spp equibull Transmission Ingestion or

inhalation of infected discharge

bull Horse-horse contact or fomites

bull Highly contagiousbull High morbidity low

mortalitybull Incubation period 3-5

days

Strangles ndash Clinical Signs

bull Cough fever lymph node enlargement

bull Respiratory distress due to retropharyngeal lymph node enlargement

bull Complications-Purpura-Metastatic (ldquoBastardrdquo) strangles

Vaccination for Strangles

bull Previously affected farms

bull May lessen disease severity

bull Vaccine reactions-Purpura-Abscesses if IM vaccines become contaminated

bull Annual boosterbull Intranasal vaccine

Equine Viral Arteritis

bull Vaccine induces partial to complete protection against the clinical signs of disease but if virus challenged the virus can replicate in the animals body

bull Clinical signs fever depression nasal discharge lacrimation coughing and limb swelling

Potomac Horse Fever Vaccine

bull It is believed that aquatic insects are the vectors ticks snails

bull Efficacy of the vaccine is unknownbull Prevalent in the eastern states

near large waterwaysbull Use of this vaccine is usually in

areas where it is a problem

Botulism Vaccine

bull Usually given to mares 30 days prior to foaling for the prevention of shaker foal syndrome

bull Given in areas of high incidence geographically

Botulism Clostridium botulinum

bull Causes flaccid paralysisbull Endemic in KYbull 2 Forms

1048708 Shaker foal syndrome1048708 Forage poisoning

bull Vaccinate for type B usually in broodmares

Anthrax Vaccine

bull Anthrax vaccines are available for use but are not widely used except where a genuine risk is identified

Rabies Vaccine

bull 100 FATAL in all casesbull Virus affecting the nervous systembull Vaccinate horses where wildlife

(skunks foxes raccoons bats) rabies is endemic in the Houston area

bull Spinalcord or brainstem signsbull Very very commonly vaccinated for

here in Texas

Clinical Signs of Rabies

bull Can look like anything

bull Behavioral changes blindness

bull Ataxia and incoordination

bull Feverbull Hypersalivationbull Paralysisbull Colic

Rabies

bull The rabies virus is killed by most disinfectants Only lives in dried saliva or carcass for 24 hours But it can live for days in refrigerated carcasses

When to vaccinate - Rabies

bull Incubation period 2-9 weeksbull Death in 3-5 days once signs

developbull Vaccinate once a yearbull Vaccine is safe and effective

EquiRab a rabies vaccine designed specifically for horses

Rotavirus

bull Most common cause of infectious diarrhea in foals

bull Clinical Signs- profuse watery diarrhea fever lethargy

bull Highly contagious

Rotavirus Vaccination

bull Prevention- vaccination of pregnant mares 30 days before foaling in endemic herds may confer modest protection

Vaccine Pleasure

orShow

Pregnant Mare

Pasture Horse

Boarding Facility

Weanling (gt 6 mo)

Frequency

EEEWEE X X X X X Annual

West Nile Virus

X X X X X MaySept

Rabies X X X X X Annual

Tetanus X X X X X Annual

Herpes (Rhino)

X X X +- Q 6 months

Influenza X X X +- Q 6 months

Strangles X X X +- Annual

PHF +- +- +- +- +- AprilJune

EPM

Botulism Atlantic states

Comments

High rate of

exposure

Maternal Antibodies in last 30 days of

pregnancy

Protect from non-

equine vectors

High rate of exposure

Management Practices

bull Quarantine and monitoring of new horses

bull Isolation facility and protocol

bull Requirements prior to introduction of new horse

bull Separation of groups of horses according to use susceptibility to infection

Management Practices

bull Vector controlbull Management of

sick horsesbull Keep good

records

Questions

Clinical Signs of West Nile Virus

Can varybull Feverbull Muscle tremorsbull Incoordination

ataxiabull Hypersensitivebull Facial nerve or other

paralysis

West Nile Virus

bull Mortality rate about 33

bull Associated with inability to stand prolonged recumbency

When to Vaccinate - WNV

bull Several vaccines available-Fort Dodge West Nile Innovator ndash killed-Merialrsquos RecombiTek ndash recombinant vaccine-Intervetrsquos PreveNile ndash modified live chimera vaccine

bull Annual vaccination recommendedbull In Texas and states with larger

mosquito populations may boost every 4-6 months

Equine Rhinopneumonitis Vaccine (herpes 1)

bull Pregnant mares should be vaccinated with this vaccine in the 5th 7th and 9th months of gestation to prevent a viral disease whose strains can cause upper respiratory disease abortions stillbirths and weak neonatal foals that fail to survive

Equine Influenza Vaccine

bull The duration of protective immunity from this vaccine is short-lived requiring vaccination every 2 to 3 months during periods of exposure

bull Disease outbreaks usually occur in horses 1 to 3 yrs of age after mixing with infected horses at the racetrack or showgrounds

Equine Influenza

bull Incubation period 1-3 daysbull High fever (1-5 days)bull Young horses are at riskbull Spread by aerosolized droplets

infected fomites ndash highly contagious

Equine Influenza ndash Clinical Signs

bull Cough (several weeks) and feverbull Lethargy depression reduced

appetite muscle sorenessbull Nasal dischargebull Most horses recover in 10-14 days

with supportive care

bullFLU AVERTreg Intra-nasal spray vaccine for Equine Influenza

bullIntranasal vaccine every 6 monthsbullIntramuscular vaccine every 4 monthsbullStart foals at 9 months of age

When to Vaccinate - Influenza

Strangles Vaccine

bull Respiratory disease caused by infection with Streptococcus equi

bull Spread by mucous or contaminated fomites What are fomites

bull Intranasal and IM vaccinesbull Vaccination not 100 effective but can

lessen the severity of incidencebull 2 Types Atypically (transient-cold like)

and Bastard (spread of infection to the organs)

Strangles Streptococcus equi spp equibull Transmission Ingestion or

inhalation of infected discharge

bull Horse-horse contact or fomites

bull Highly contagiousbull High morbidity low

mortalitybull Incubation period 3-5

days

Strangles ndash Clinical Signs

bull Cough fever lymph node enlargement

bull Respiratory distress due to retropharyngeal lymph node enlargement

bull Complications-Purpura-Metastatic (ldquoBastardrdquo) strangles

Vaccination for Strangles

bull Previously affected farms

bull May lessen disease severity

bull Vaccine reactions-Purpura-Abscesses if IM vaccines become contaminated

bull Annual boosterbull Intranasal vaccine

Equine Viral Arteritis

bull Vaccine induces partial to complete protection against the clinical signs of disease but if virus challenged the virus can replicate in the animals body

bull Clinical signs fever depression nasal discharge lacrimation coughing and limb swelling

Potomac Horse Fever Vaccine

bull It is believed that aquatic insects are the vectors ticks snails

bull Efficacy of the vaccine is unknownbull Prevalent in the eastern states

near large waterwaysbull Use of this vaccine is usually in

areas where it is a problem

Botulism Vaccine

bull Usually given to mares 30 days prior to foaling for the prevention of shaker foal syndrome

bull Given in areas of high incidence geographically

Botulism Clostridium botulinum

bull Causes flaccid paralysisbull Endemic in KYbull 2 Forms

1048708 Shaker foal syndrome1048708 Forage poisoning

bull Vaccinate for type B usually in broodmares

Anthrax Vaccine

bull Anthrax vaccines are available for use but are not widely used except where a genuine risk is identified

Rabies Vaccine

bull 100 FATAL in all casesbull Virus affecting the nervous systembull Vaccinate horses where wildlife

(skunks foxes raccoons bats) rabies is endemic in the Houston area

bull Spinalcord or brainstem signsbull Very very commonly vaccinated for

here in Texas

Clinical Signs of Rabies

bull Can look like anything

bull Behavioral changes blindness

bull Ataxia and incoordination

bull Feverbull Hypersalivationbull Paralysisbull Colic

Rabies

bull The rabies virus is killed by most disinfectants Only lives in dried saliva or carcass for 24 hours But it can live for days in refrigerated carcasses

When to vaccinate - Rabies

bull Incubation period 2-9 weeksbull Death in 3-5 days once signs

developbull Vaccinate once a yearbull Vaccine is safe and effective

EquiRab a rabies vaccine designed specifically for horses

Rotavirus

bull Most common cause of infectious diarrhea in foals

bull Clinical Signs- profuse watery diarrhea fever lethargy

bull Highly contagious

Rotavirus Vaccination

bull Prevention- vaccination of pregnant mares 30 days before foaling in endemic herds may confer modest protection

Vaccine Pleasure

orShow

Pregnant Mare

Pasture Horse

Boarding Facility

Weanling (gt 6 mo)

Frequency

EEEWEE X X X X X Annual

West Nile Virus

X X X X X MaySept

Rabies X X X X X Annual

Tetanus X X X X X Annual

Herpes (Rhino)

X X X +- Q 6 months

Influenza X X X +- Q 6 months

Strangles X X X +- Annual

PHF +- +- +- +- +- AprilJune

EPM

Botulism Atlantic states

Comments

High rate of

exposure

Maternal Antibodies in last 30 days of

pregnancy

Protect from non-

equine vectors

High rate of exposure

Management Practices

bull Quarantine and monitoring of new horses

bull Isolation facility and protocol

bull Requirements prior to introduction of new horse

bull Separation of groups of horses according to use susceptibility to infection

Management Practices

bull Vector controlbull Management of

sick horsesbull Keep good

records

Questions

West Nile Virus

bull Mortality rate about 33

bull Associated with inability to stand prolonged recumbency

When to Vaccinate - WNV

bull Several vaccines available-Fort Dodge West Nile Innovator ndash killed-Merialrsquos RecombiTek ndash recombinant vaccine-Intervetrsquos PreveNile ndash modified live chimera vaccine

bull Annual vaccination recommendedbull In Texas and states with larger

mosquito populations may boost every 4-6 months

Equine Rhinopneumonitis Vaccine (herpes 1)

bull Pregnant mares should be vaccinated with this vaccine in the 5th 7th and 9th months of gestation to prevent a viral disease whose strains can cause upper respiratory disease abortions stillbirths and weak neonatal foals that fail to survive

Equine Influenza Vaccine

bull The duration of protective immunity from this vaccine is short-lived requiring vaccination every 2 to 3 months during periods of exposure

bull Disease outbreaks usually occur in horses 1 to 3 yrs of age after mixing with infected horses at the racetrack or showgrounds

Equine Influenza

bull Incubation period 1-3 daysbull High fever (1-5 days)bull Young horses are at riskbull Spread by aerosolized droplets

infected fomites ndash highly contagious

Equine Influenza ndash Clinical Signs

bull Cough (several weeks) and feverbull Lethargy depression reduced

appetite muscle sorenessbull Nasal dischargebull Most horses recover in 10-14 days

with supportive care

bullFLU AVERTreg Intra-nasal spray vaccine for Equine Influenza

bullIntranasal vaccine every 6 monthsbullIntramuscular vaccine every 4 monthsbullStart foals at 9 months of age

When to Vaccinate - Influenza

Strangles Vaccine

bull Respiratory disease caused by infection with Streptococcus equi

bull Spread by mucous or contaminated fomites What are fomites

bull Intranasal and IM vaccinesbull Vaccination not 100 effective but can

lessen the severity of incidencebull 2 Types Atypically (transient-cold like)

and Bastard (spread of infection to the organs)

Strangles Streptococcus equi spp equibull Transmission Ingestion or

inhalation of infected discharge

bull Horse-horse contact or fomites

bull Highly contagiousbull High morbidity low

mortalitybull Incubation period 3-5

days

Strangles ndash Clinical Signs

bull Cough fever lymph node enlargement

bull Respiratory distress due to retropharyngeal lymph node enlargement

bull Complications-Purpura-Metastatic (ldquoBastardrdquo) strangles

Vaccination for Strangles

bull Previously affected farms

bull May lessen disease severity

bull Vaccine reactions-Purpura-Abscesses if IM vaccines become contaminated

bull Annual boosterbull Intranasal vaccine

Equine Viral Arteritis

bull Vaccine induces partial to complete protection against the clinical signs of disease but if virus challenged the virus can replicate in the animals body

bull Clinical signs fever depression nasal discharge lacrimation coughing and limb swelling

Potomac Horse Fever Vaccine

bull It is believed that aquatic insects are the vectors ticks snails

bull Efficacy of the vaccine is unknownbull Prevalent in the eastern states

near large waterwaysbull Use of this vaccine is usually in

areas where it is a problem

Botulism Vaccine

bull Usually given to mares 30 days prior to foaling for the prevention of shaker foal syndrome

bull Given in areas of high incidence geographically

Botulism Clostridium botulinum

bull Causes flaccid paralysisbull Endemic in KYbull 2 Forms

1048708 Shaker foal syndrome1048708 Forage poisoning

bull Vaccinate for type B usually in broodmares

Anthrax Vaccine

bull Anthrax vaccines are available for use but are not widely used except where a genuine risk is identified

Rabies Vaccine

bull 100 FATAL in all casesbull Virus affecting the nervous systembull Vaccinate horses where wildlife

(skunks foxes raccoons bats) rabies is endemic in the Houston area

bull Spinalcord or brainstem signsbull Very very commonly vaccinated for

here in Texas

Clinical Signs of Rabies

bull Can look like anything

bull Behavioral changes blindness

bull Ataxia and incoordination

bull Feverbull Hypersalivationbull Paralysisbull Colic

Rabies

bull The rabies virus is killed by most disinfectants Only lives in dried saliva or carcass for 24 hours But it can live for days in refrigerated carcasses

When to vaccinate - Rabies

bull Incubation period 2-9 weeksbull Death in 3-5 days once signs

developbull Vaccinate once a yearbull Vaccine is safe and effective

EquiRab a rabies vaccine designed specifically for horses

Rotavirus

bull Most common cause of infectious diarrhea in foals

bull Clinical Signs- profuse watery diarrhea fever lethargy

bull Highly contagious

Rotavirus Vaccination

bull Prevention- vaccination of pregnant mares 30 days before foaling in endemic herds may confer modest protection

Vaccine Pleasure

orShow

Pregnant Mare

Pasture Horse

Boarding Facility

Weanling (gt 6 mo)

Frequency

EEEWEE X X X X X Annual

West Nile Virus

X X X X X MaySept

Rabies X X X X X Annual

Tetanus X X X X X Annual

Herpes (Rhino)

X X X +- Q 6 months

Influenza X X X +- Q 6 months

Strangles X X X +- Annual

PHF +- +- +- +- +- AprilJune

EPM

Botulism Atlantic states

Comments

High rate of

exposure

Maternal Antibodies in last 30 days of

pregnancy

Protect from non-

equine vectors

High rate of exposure

Management Practices

bull Quarantine and monitoring of new horses

bull Isolation facility and protocol

bull Requirements prior to introduction of new horse

bull Separation of groups of horses according to use susceptibility to infection

Management Practices

bull Vector controlbull Management of

sick horsesbull Keep good

records

Questions

When to Vaccinate - WNV

bull Several vaccines available-Fort Dodge West Nile Innovator ndash killed-Merialrsquos RecombiTek ndash recombinant vaccine-Intervetrsquos PreveNile ndash modified live chimera vaccine

bull Annual vaccination recommendedbull In Texas and states with larger

mosquito populations may boost every 4-6 months

Equine Rhinopneumonitis Vaccine (herpes 1)

bull Pregnant mares should be vaccinated with this vaccine in the 5th 7th and 9th months of gestation to prevent a viral disease whose strains can cause upper respiratory disease abortions stillbirths and weak neonatal foals that fail to survive

Equine Influenza Vaccine

bull The duration of protective immunity from this vaccine is short-lived requiring vaccination every 2 to 3 months during periods of exposure

bull Disease outbreaks usually occur in horses 1 to 3 yrs of age after mixing with infected horses at the racetrack or showgrounds

Equine Influenza

bull Incubation period 1-3 daysbull High fever (1-5 days)bull Young horses are at riskbull Spread by aerosolized droplets

infected fomites ndash highly contagious

Equine Influenza ndash Clinical Signs

bull Cough (several weeks) and feverbull Lethargy depression reduced

appetite muscle sorenessbull Nasal dischargebull Most horses recover in 10-14 days

with supportive care

bullFLU AVERTreg Intra-nasal spray vaccine for Equine Influenza

bullIntranasal vaccine every 6 monthsbullIntramuscular vaccine every 4 monthsbullStart foals at 9 months of age

When to Vaccinate - Influenza

Strangles Vaccine

bull Respiratory disease caused by infection with Streptococcus equi

bull Spread by mucous or contaminated fomites What are fomites

bull Intranasal and IM vaccinesbull Vaccination not 100 effective but can

lessen the severity of incidencebull 2 Types Atypically (transient-cold like)

and Bastard (spread of infection to the organs)

Strangles Streptococcus equi spp equibull Transmission Ingestion or

inhalation of infected discharge

bull Horse-horse contact or fomites

bull Highly contagiousbull High morbidity low

mortalitybull Incubation period 3-5

days

Strangles ndash Clinical Signs

bull Cough fever lymph node enlargement

bull Respiratory distress due to retropharyngeal lymph node enlargement

bull Complications-Purpura-Metastatic (ldquoBastardrdquo) strangles

Vaccination for Strangles

bull Previously affected farms

bull May lessen disease severity

bull Vaccine reactions-Purpura-Abscesses if IM vaccines become contaminated

bull Annual boosterbull Intranasal vaccine

Equine Viral Arteritis

bull Vaccine induces partial to complete protection against the clinical signs of disease but if virus challenged the virus can replicate in the animals body

bull Clinical signs fever depression nasal discharge lacrimation coughing and limb swelling

Potomac Horse Fever Vaccine

bull It is believed that aquatic insects are the vectors ticks snails

bull Efficacy of the vaccine is unknownbull Prevalent in the eastern states

near large waterwaysbull Use of this vaccine is usually in

areas where it is a problem

Botulism Vaccine

bull Usually given to mares 30 days prior to foaling for the prevention of shaker foal syndrome

bull Given in areas of high incidence geographically

Botulism Clostridium botulinum

bull Causes flaccid paralysisbull Endemic in KYbull 2 Forms

1048708 Shaker foal syndrome1048708 Forage poisoning

bull Vaccinate for type B usually in broodmares

Anthrax Vaccine

bull Anthrax vaccines are available for use but are not widely used except where a genuine risk is identified

Rabies Vaccine

bull 100 FATAL in all casesbull Virus affecting the nervous systembull Vaccinate horses where wildlife

(skunks foxes raccoons bats) rabies is endemic in the Houston area

bull Spinalcord or brainstem signsbull Very very commonly vaccinated for

here in Texas

Clinical Signs of Rabies

bull Can look like anything

bull Behavioral changes blindness

bull Ataxia and incoordination

bull Feverbull Hypersalivationbull Paralysisbull Colic

Rabies

bull The rabies virus is killed by most disinfectants Only lives in dried saliva or carcass for 24 hours But it can live for days in refrigerated carcasses

When to vaccinate - Rabies

bull Incubation period 2-9 weeksbull Death in 3-5 days once signs

developbull Vaccinate once a yearbull Vaccine is safe and effective

EquiRab a rabies vaccine designed specifically for horses

Rotavirus

bull Most common cause of infectious diarrhea in foals

bull Clinical Signs- profuse watery diarrhea fever lethargy

bull Highly contagious

Rotavirus Vaccination

bull Prevention- vaccination of pregnant mares 30 days before foaling in endemic herds may confer modest protection

Vaccine Pleasure

orShow

Pregnant Mare

Pasture Horse

Boarding Facility

Weanling (gt 6 mo)

Frequency

EEEWEE X X X X X Annual

West Nile Virus

X X X X X MaySept

Rabies X X X X X Annual

Tetanus X X X X X Annual

Herpes (Rhino)

X X X +- Q 6 months

Influenza X X X +- Q 6 months

Strangles X X X +- Annual

PHF +- +- +- +- +- AprilJune

EPM

Botulism Atlantic states

Comments

High rate of

exposure

Maternal Antibodies in last 30 days of

pregnancy

Protect from non-

equine vectors

High rate of exposure

Management Practices

bull Quarantine and monitoring of new horses

bull Isolation facility and protocol

bull Requirements prior to introduction of new horse

bull Separation of groups of horses according to use susceptibility to infection

Management Practices

bull Vector controlbull Management of

sick horsesbull Keep good

records

Questions

Equine Rhinopneumonitis Vaccine (herpes 1)

bull Pregnant mares should be vaccinated with this vaccine in the 5th 7th and 9th months of gestation to prevent a viral disease whose strains can cause upper respiratory disease abortions stillbirths and weak neonatal foals that fail to survive

Equine Influenza Vaccine

bull The duration of protective immunity from this vaccine is short-lived requiring vaccination every 2 to 3 months during periods of exposure

bull Disease outbreaks usually occur in horses 1 to 3 yrs of age after mixing with infected horses at the racetrack or showgrounds

Equine Influenza

bull Incubation period 1-3 daysbull High fever (1-5 days)bull Young horses are at riskbull Spread by aerosolized droplets

infected fomites ndash highly contagious

Equine Influenza ndash Clinical Signs

bull Cough (several weeks) and feverbull Lethargy depression reduced

appetite muscle sorenessbull Nasal dischargebull Most horses recover in 10-14 days

with supportive care

bullFLU AVERTreg Intra-nasal spray vaccine for Equine Influenza

bullIntranasal vaccine every 6 monthsbullIntramuscular vaccine every 4 monthsbullStart foals at 9 months of age

When to Vaccinate - Influenza

Strangles Vaccine

bull Respiratory disease caused by infection with Streptococcus equi

bull Spread by mucous or contaminated fomites What are fomites

bull Intranasal and IM vaccinesbull Vaccination not 100 effective but can

lessen the severity of incidencebull 2 Types Atypically (transient-cold like)

and Bastard (spread of infection to the organs)

Strangles Streptococcus equi spp equibull Transmission Ingestion or

inhalation of infected discharge

bull Horse-horse contact or fomites

bull Highly contagiousbull High morbidity low

mortalitybull Incubation period 3-5

days

Strangles ndash Clinical Signs

bull Cough fever lymph node enlargement

bull Respiratory distress due to retropharyngeal lymph node enlargement

bull Complications-Purpura-Metastatic (ldquoBastardrdquo) strangles

Vaccination for Strangles

bull Previously affected farms

bull May lessen disease severity

bull Vaccine reactions-Purpura-Abscesses if IM vaccines become contaminated

bull Annual boosterbull Intranasal vaccine

Equine Viral Arteritis

bull Vaccine induces partial to complete protection against the clinical signs of disease but if virus challenged the virus can replicate in the animals body

bull Clinical signs fever depression nasal discharge lacrimation coughing and limb swelling

Potomac Horse Fever Vaccine

bull It is believed that aquatic insects are the vectors ticks snails

bull Efficacy of the vaccine is unknownbull Prevalent in the eastern states

near large waterwaysbull Use of this vaccine is usually in

areas where it is a problem

Botulism Vaccine

bull Usually given to mares 30 days prior to foaling for the prevention of shaker foal syndrome

bull Given in areas of high incidence geographically

Botulism Clostridium botulinum

bull Causes flaccid paralysisbull Endemic in KYbull 2 Forms

1048708 Shaker foal syndrome1048708 Forage poisoning

bull Vaccinate for type B usually in broodmares

Anthrax Vaccine

bull Anthrax vaccines are available for use but are not widely used except where a genuine risk is identified

Rabies Vaccine

bull 100 FATAL in all casesbull Virus affecting the nervous systembull Vaccinate horses where wildlife

(skunks foxes raccoons bats) rabies is endemic in the Houston area

bull Spinalcord or brainstem signsbull Very very commonly vaccinated for

here in Texas

Clinical Signs of Rabies

bull Can look like anything

bull Behavioral changes blindness

bull Ataxia and incoordination

bull Feverbull Hypersalivationbull Paralysisbull Colic

Rabies

bull The rabies virus is killed by most disinfectants Only lives in dried saliva or carcass for 24 hours But it can live for days in refrigerated carcasses

When to vaccinate - Rabies

bull Incubation period 2-9 weeksbull Death in 3-5 days once signs

developbull Vaccinate once a yearbull Vaccine is safe and effective

EquiRab a rabies vaccine designed specifically for horses

Rotavirus

bull Most common cause of infectious diarrhea in foals

bull Clinical Signs- profuse watery diarrhea fever lethargy

bull Highly contagious

Rotavirus Vaccination

bull Prevention- vaccination of pregnant mares 30 days before foaling in endemic herds may confer modest protection

Vaccine Pleasure

orShow

Pregnant Mare

Pasture Horse

Boarding Facility

Weanling (gt 6 mo)

Frequency

EEEWEE X X X X X Annual

West Nile Virus

X X X X X MaySept

Rabies X X X X X Annual

Tetanus X X X X X Annual

Herpes (Rhino)

X X X +- Q 6 months

Influenza X X X +- Q 6 months

Strangles X X X +- Annual

PHF +- +- +- +- +- AprilJune

EPM

Botulism Atlantic states

Comments

High rate of

exposure

Maternal Antibodies in last 30 days of

pregnancy

Protect from non-

equine vectors

High rate of exposure

Management Practices

bull Quarantine and monitoring of new horses

bull Isolation facility and protocol

bull Requirements prior to introduction of new horse

bull Separation of groups of horses according to use susceptibility to infection

Management Practices

bull Vector controlbull Management of

sick horsesbull Keep good

records

Questions

Equine Influenza Vaccine

bull The duration of protective immunity from this vaccine is short-lived requiring vaccination every 2 to 3 months during periods of exposure

bull Disease outbreaks usually occur in horses 1 to 3 yrs of age after mixing with infected horses at the racetrack or showgrounds

Equine Influenza

bull Incubation period 1-3 daysbull High fever (1-5 days)bull Young horses are at riskbull Spread by aerosolized droplets

infected fomites ndash highly contagious

Equine Influenza ndash Clinical Signs

bull Cough (several weeks) and feverbull Lethargy depression reduced

appetite muscle sorenessbull Nasal dischargebull Most horses recover in 10-14 days

with supportive care

bullFLU AVERTreg Intra-nasal spray vaccine for Equine Influenza

bullIntranasal vaccine every 6 monthsbullIntramuscular vaccine every 4 monthsbullStart foals at 9 months of age

When to Vaccinate - Influenza

Strangles Vaccine

bull Respiratory disease caused by infection with Streptococcus equi

bull Spread by mucous or contaminated fomites What are fomites

bull Intranasal and IM vaccinesbull Vaccination not 100 effective but can

lessen the severity of incidencebull 2 Types Atypically (transient-cold like)

and Bastard (spread of infection to the organs)

Strangles Streptococcus equi spp equibull Transmission Ingestion or

inhalation of infected discharge

bull Horse-horse contact or fomites

bull Highly contagiousbull High morbidity low

mortalitybull Incubation period 3-5

days

Strangles ndash Clinical Signs

bull Cough fever lymph node enlargement

bull Respiratory distress due to retropharyngeal lymph node enlargement

bull Complications-Purpura-Metastatic (ldquoBastardrdquo) strangles

Vaccination for Strangles

bull Previously affected farms

bull May lessen disease severity

bull Vaccine reactions-Purpura-Abscesses if IM vaccines become contaminated

bull Annual boosterbull Intranasal vaccine

Equine Viral Arteritis

bull Vaccine induces partial to complete protection against the clinical signs of disease but if virus challenged the virus can replicate in the animals body

bull Clinical signs fever depression nasal discharge lacrimation coughing and limb swelling

Potomac Horse Fever Vaccine

bull It is believed that aquatic insects are the vectors ticks snails

bull Efficacy of the vaccine is unknownbull Prevalent in the eastern states

near large waterwaysbull Use of this vaccine is usually in

areas where it is a problem

Botulism Vaccine

bull Usually given to mares 30 days prior to foaling for the prevention of shaker foal syndrome

bull Given in areas of high incidence geographically

Botulism Clostridium botulinum

bull Causes flaccid paralysisbull Endemic in KYbull 2 Forms

1048708 Shaker foal syndrome1048708 Forage poisoning

bull Vaccinate for type B usually in broodmares

Anthrax Vaccine

bull Anthrax vaccines are available for use but are not widely used except where a genuine risk is identified

Rabies Vaccine

bull 100 FATAL in all casesbull Virus affecting the nervous systembull Vaccinate horses where wildlife

(skunks foxes raccoons bats) rabies is endemic in the Houston area

bull Spinalcord or brainstem signsbull Very very commonly vaccinated for

here in Texas

Clinical Signs of Rabies

bull Can look like anything

bull Behavioral changes blindness

bull Ataxia and incoordination

bull Feverbull Hypersalivationbull Paralysisbull Colic

Rabies

bull The rabies virus is killed by most disinfectants Only lives in dried saliva or carcass for 24 hours But it can live for days in refrigerated carcasses

When to vaccinate - Rabies

bull Incubation period 2-9 weeksbull Death in 3-5 days once signs

developbull Vaccinate once a yearbull Vaccine is safe and effective

EquiRab a rabies vaccine designed specifically for horses

Rotavirus

bull Most common cause of infectious diarrhea in foals

bull Clinical Signs- profuse watery diarrhea fever lethargy

bull Highly contagious

Rotavirus Vaccination

bull Prevention- vaccination of pregnant mares 30 days before foaling in endemic herds may confer modest protection

Vaccine Pleasure

orShow

Pregnant Mare

Pasture Horse

Boarding Facility

Weanling (gt 6 mo)

Frequency

EEEWEE X X X X X Annual

West Nile Virus

X X X X X MaySept

Rabies X X X X X Annual

Tetanus X X X X X Annual

Herpes (Rhino)

X X X +- Q 6 months

Influenza X X X +- Q 6 months

Strangles X X X +- Annual

PHF +- +- +- +- +- AprilJune

EPM

Botulism Atlantic states

Comments

High rate of

exposure

Maternal Antibodies in last 30 days of

pregnancy

Protect from non-

equine vectors

High rate of exposure

Management Practices

bull Quarantine and monitoring of new horses

bull Isolation facility and protocol

bull Requirements prior to introduction of new horse

bull Separation of groups of horses according to use susceptibility to infection

Management Practices

bull Vector controlbull Management of

sick horsesbull Keep good

records

Questions

Equine Influenza

bull Incubation period 1-3 daysbull High fever (1-5 days)bull Young horses are at riskbull Spread by aerosolized droplets

infected fomites ndash highly contagious

Equine Influenza ndash Clinical Signs

bull Cough (several weeks) and feverbull Lethargy depression reduced

appetite muscle sorenessbull Nasal dischargebull Most horses recover in 10-14 days

with supportive care

bullFLU AVERTreg Intra-nasal spray vaccine for Equine Influenza

bullIntranasal vaccine every 6 monthsbullIntramuscular vaccine every 4 monthsbullStart foals at 9 months of age

When to Vaccinate - Influenza

Strangles Vaccine

bull Respiratory disease caused by infection with Streptococcus equi

bull Spread by mucous or contaminated fomites What are fomites

bull Intranasal and IM vaccinesbull Vaccination not 100 effective but can

lessen the severity of incidencebull 2 Types Atypically (transient-cold like)

and Bastard (spread of infection to the organs)

Strangles Streptococcus equi spp equibull Transmission Ingestion or

inhalation of infected discharge

bull Horse-horse contact or fomites

bull Highly contagiousbull High morbidity low

mortalitybull Incubation period 3-5

days

Strangles ndash Clinical Signs

bull Cough fever lymph node enlargement

bull Respiratory distress due to retropharyngeal lymph node enlargement

bull Complications-Purpura-Metastatic (ldquoBastardrdquo) strangles

Vaccination for Strangles

bull Previously affected farms

bull May lessen disease severity

bull Vaccine reactions-Purpura-Abscesses if IM vaccines become contaminated

bull Annual boosterbull Intranasal vaccine

Equine Viral Arteritis

bull Vaccine induces partial to complete protection against the clinical signs of disease but if virus challenged the virus can replicate in the animals body

bull Clinical signs fever depression nasal discharge lacrimation coughing and limb swelling

Potomac Horse Fever Vaccine

bull It is believed that aquatic insects are the vectors ticks snails

bull Efficacy of the vaccine is unknownbull Prevalent in the eastern states

near large waterwaysbull Use of this vaccine is usually in

areas where it is a problem

Botulism Vaccine

bull Usually given to mares 30 days prior to foaling for the prevention of shaker foal syndrome

bull Given in areas of high incidence geographically

Botulism Clostridium botulinum

bull Causes flaccid paralysisbull Endemic in KYbull 2 Forms

1048708 Shaker foal syndrome1048708 Forage poisoning

bull Vaccinate for type B usually in broodmares

Anthrax Vaccine

bull Anthrax vaccines are available for use but are not widely used except where a genuine risk is identified

Rabies Vaccine

bull 100 FATAL in all casesbull Virus affecting the nervous systembull Vaccinate horses where wildlife

(skunks foxes raccoons bats) rabies is endemic in the Houston area

bull Spinalcord or brainstem signsbull Very very commonly vaccinated for

here in Texas

Clinical Signs of Rabies

bull Can look like anything

bull Behavioral changes blindness

bull Ataxia and incoordination

bull Feverbull Hypersalivationbull Paralysisbull Colic

Rabies

bull The rabies virus is killed by most disinfectants Only lives in dried saliva or carcass for 24 hours But it can live for days in refrigerated carcasses

When to vaccinate - Rabies

bull Incubation period 2-9 weeksbull Death in 3-5 days once signs

developbull Vaccinate once a yearbull Vaccine is safe and effective

EquiRab a rabies vaccine designed specifically for horses

Rotavirus

bull Most common cause of infectious diarrhea in foals

bull Clinical Signs- profuse watery diarrhea fever lethargy

bull Highly contagious

Rotavirus Vaccination

bull Prevention- vaccination of pregnant mares 30 days before foaling in endemic herds may confer modest protection

Vaccine Pleasure

orShow

Pregnant Mare

Pasture Horse

Boarding Facility

Weanling (gt 6 mo)

Frequency

EEEWEE X X X X X Annual

West Nile Virus

X X X X X MaySept

Rabies X X X X X Annual

Tetanus X X X X X Annual

Herpes (Rhino)

X X X +- Q 6 months

Influenza X X X +- Q 6 months

Strangles X X X +- Annual

PHF +- +- +- +- +- AprilJune

EPM

Botulism Atlantic states

Comments

High rate of

exposure

Maternal Antibodies in last 30 days of

pregnancy

Protect from non-

equine vectors

High rate of exposure

Management Practices

bull Quarantine and monitoring of new horses

bull Isolation facility and protocol

bull Requirements prior to introduction of new horse

bull Separation of groups of horses according to use susceptibility to infection

Management Practices

bull Vector controlbull Management of

sick horsesbull Keep good

records

Questions

Equine Influenza ndash Clinical Signs

bull Cough (several weeks) and feverbull Lethargy depression reduced

appetite muscle sorenessbull Nasal dischargebull Most horses recover in 10-14 days

with supportive care

bullFLU AVERTreg Intra-nasal spray vaccine for Equine Influenza

bullIntranasal vaccine every 6 monthsbullIntramuscular vaccine every 4 monthsbullStart foals at 9 months of age

When to Vaccinate - Influenza

Strangles Vaccine

bull Respiratory disease caused by infection with Streptococcus equi

bull Spread by mucous or contaminated fomites What are fomites

bull Intranasal and IM vaccinesbull Vaccination not 100 effective but can

lessen the severity of incidencebull 2 Types Atypically (transient-cold like)

and Bastard (spread of infection to the organs)

Strangles Streptococcus equi spp equibull Transmission Ingestion or

inhalation of infected discharge

bull Horse-horse contact or fomites

bull Highly contagiousbull High morbidity low

mortalitybull Incubation period 3-5

days

Strangles ndash Clinical Signs

bull Cough fever lymph node enlargement

bull Respiratory distress due to retropharyngeal lymph node enlargement

bull Complications-Purpura-Metastatic (ldquoBastardrdquo) strangles

Vaccination for Strangles

bull Previously affected farms

bull May lessen disease severity

bull Vaccine reactions-Purpura-Abscesses if IM vaccines become contaminated

bull Annual boosterbull Intranasal vaccine

Equine Viral Arteritis

bull Vaccine induces partial to complete protection against the clinical signs of disease but if virus challenged the virus can replicate in the animals body

bull Clinical signs fever depression nasal discharge lacrimation coughing and limb swelling

Potomac Horse Fever Vaccine

bull It is believed that aquatic insects are the vectors ticks snails

bull Efficacy of the vaccine is unknownbull Prevalent in the eastern states

near large waterwaysbull Use of this vaccine is usually in

areas where it is a problem

Botulism Vaccine

bull Usually given to mares 30 days prior to foaling for the prevention of shaker foal syndrome

bull Given in areas of high incidence geographically

Botulism Clostridium botulinum

bull Causes flaccid paralysisbull Endemic in KYbull 2 Forms

1048708 Shaker foal syndrome1048708 Forage poisoning

bull Vaccinate for type B usually in broodmares

Anthrax Vaccine

bull Anthrax vaccines are available for use but are not widely used except where a genuine risk is identified

Rabies Vaccine

bull 100 FATAL in all casesbull Virus affecting the nervous systembull Vaccinate horses where wildlife

(skunks foxes raccoons bats) rabies is endemic in the Houston area

bull Spinalcord or brainstem signsbull Very very commonly vaccinated for

here in Texas

Clinical Signs of Rabies

bull Can look like anything

bull Behavioral changes blindness

bull Ataxia and incoordination

bull Feverbull Hypersalivationbull Paralysisbull Colic

Rabies

bull The rabies virus is killed by most disinfectants Only lives in dried saliva or carcass for 24 hours But it can live for days in refrigerated carcasses

When to vaccinate - Rabies

bull Incubation period 2-9 weeksbull Death in 3-5 days once signs

developbull Vaccinate once a yearbull Vaccine is safe and effective

EquiRab a rabies vaccine designed specifically for horses

Rotavirus

bull Most common cause of infectious diarrhea in foals

bull Clinical Signs- profuse watery diarrhea fever lethargy

bull Highly contagious

Rotavirus Vaccination

bull Prevention- vaccination of pregnant mares 30 days before foaling in endemic herds may confer modest protection

Vaccine Pleasure

orShow

Pregnant Mare

Pasture Horse

Boarding Facility

Weanling (gt 6 mo)

Frequency

EEEWEE X X X X X Annual

West Nile Virus

X X X X X MaySept

Rabies X X X X X Annual

Tetanus X X X X X Annual

Herpes (Rhino)

X X X +- Q 6 months

Influenza X X X +- Q 6 months

Strangles X X X +- Annual

PHF +- +- +- +- +- AprilJune

EPM

Botulism Atlantic states

Comments

High rate of

exposure

Maternal Antibodies in last 30 days of

pregnancy

Protect from non-

equine vectors

High rate of exposure

Management Practices

bull Quarantine and monitoring of new horses

bull Isolation facility and protocol

bull Requirements prior to introduction of new horse

bull Separation of groups of horses according to use susceptibility to infection

Management Practices

bull Vector controlbull Management of

sick horsesbull Keep good

records

Questions

bullFLU AVERTreg Intra-nasal spray vaccine for Equine Influenza

bullIntranasal vaccine every 6 monthsbullIntramuscular vaccine every 4 monthsbullStart foals at 9 months of age

When to Vaccinate - Influenza

Strangles Vaccine

bull Respiratory disease caused by infection with Streptococcus equi

bull Spread by mucous or contaminated fomites What are fomites

bull Intranasal and IM vaccinesbull Vaccination not 100 effective but can

lessen the severity of incidencebull 2 Types Atypically (transient-cold like)

and Bastard (spread of infection to the organs)

Strangles Streptococcus equi spp equibull Transmission Ingestion or

inhalation of infected discharge

bull Horse-horse contact or fomites

bull Highly contagiousbull High morbidity low

mortalitybull Incubation period 3-5

days

Strangles ndash Clinical Signs

bull Cough fever lymph node enlargement

bull Respiratory distress due to retropharyngeal lymph node enlargement

bull Complications-Purpura-Metastatic (ldquoBastardrdquo) strangles

Vaccination for Strangles

bull Previously affected farms

bull May lessen disease severity

bull Vaccine reactions-Purpura-Abscesses if IM vaccines become contaminated

bull Annual boosterbull Intranasal vaccine

Equine Viral Arteritis

bull Vaccine induces partial to complete protection against the clinical signs of disease but if virus challenged the virus can replicate in the animals body

bull Clinical signs fever depression nasal discharge lacrimation coughing and limb swelling

Potomac Horse Fever Vaccine

bull It is believed that aquatic insects are the vectors ticks snails

bull Efficacy of the vaccine is unknownbull Prevalent in the eastern states

near large waterwaysbull Use of this vaccine is usually in

areas where it is a problem

Botulism Vaccine

bull Usually given to mares 30 days prior to foaling for the prevention of shaker foal syndrome

bull Given in areas of high incidence geographically

Botulism Clostridium botulinum

bull Causes flaccid paralysisbull Endemic in KYbull 2 Forms

1048708 Shaker foal syndrome1048708 Forage poisoning

bull Vaccinate for type B usually in broodmares

Anthrax Vaccine

bull Anthrax vaccines are available for use but are not widely used except where a genuine risk is identified

Rabies Vaccine

bull 100 FATAL in all casesbull Virus affecting the nervous systembull Vaccinate horses where wildlife

(skunks foxes raccoons bats) rabies is endemic in the Houston area

bull Spinalcord or brainstem signsbull Very very commonly vaccinated for

here in Texas

Clinical Signs of Rabies

bull Can look like anything

bull Behavioral changes blindness

bull Ataxia and incoordination

bull Feverbull Hypersalivationbull Paralysisbull Colic

Rabies

bull The rabies virus is killed by most disinfectants Only lives in dried saliva or carcass for 24 hours But it can live for days in refrigerated carcasses

When to vaccinate - Rabies

bull Incubation period 2-9 weeksbull Death in 3-5 days once signs

developbull Vaccinate once a yearbull Vaccine is safe and effective

EquiRab a rabies vaccine designed specifically for horses

Rotavirus

bull Most common cause of infectious diarrhea in foals

bull Clinical Signs- profuse watery diarrhea fever lethargy

bull Highly contagious

Rotavirus Vaccination

bull Prevention- vaccination of pregnant mares 30 days before foaling in endemic herds may confer modest protection

Vaccine Pleasure

orShow

Pregnant Mare

Pasture Horse

Boarding Facility

Weanling (gt 6 mo)

Frequency

EEEWEE X X X X X Annual

West Nile Virus

X X X X X MaySept

Rabies X X X X X Annual

Tetanus X X X X X Annual

Herpes (Rhino)

X X X +- Q 6 months

Influenza X X X +- Q 6 months

Strangles X X X +- Annual

PHF +- +- +- +- +- AprilJune

EPM

Botulism Atlantic states

Comments

High rate of

exposure

Maternal Antibodies in last 30 days of

pregnancy

Protect from non-

equine vectors

High rate of exposure

Management Practices

bull Quarantine and monitoring of new horses

bull Isolation facility and protocol

bull Requirements prior to introduction of new horse

bull Separation of groups of horses according to use susceptibility to infection

Management Practices

bull Vector controlbull Management of

sick horsesbull Keep good

records

Questions

Strangles Vaccine

bull Respiratory disease caused by infection with Streptococcus equi

bull Spread by mucous or contaminated fomites What are fomites

bull Intranasal and IM vaccinesbull Vaccination not 100 effective but can

lessen the severity of incidencebull 2 Types Atypically (transient-cold like)

and Bastard (spread of infection to the organs)

Strangles Streptococcus equi spp equibull Transmission Ingestion or

inhalation of infected discharge

bull Horse-horse contact or fomites

bull Highly contagiousbull High morbidity low

mortalitybull Incubation period 3-5

days

Strangles ndash Clinical Signs

bull Cough fever lymph node enlargement

bull Respiratory distress due to retropharyngeal lymph node enlargement

bull Complications-Purpura-Metastatic (ldquoBastardrdquo) strangles

Vaccination for Strangles

bull Previously affected farms

bull May lessen disease severity

bull Vaccine reactions-Purpura-Abscesses if IM vaccines become contaminated

bull Annual boosterbull Intranasal vaccine

Equine Viral Arteritis

bull Vaccine induces partial to complete protection against the clinical signs of disease but if virus challenged the virus can replicate in the animals body

bull Clinical signs fever depression nasal discharge lacrimation coughing and limb swelling

Potomac Horse Fever Vaccine

bull It is believed that aquatic insects are the vectors ticks snails

bull Efficacy of the vaccine is unknownbull Prevalent in the eastern states

near large waterwaysbull Use of this vaccine is usually in

areas where it is a problem

Botulism Vaccine

bull Usually given to mares 30 days prior to foaling for the prevention of shaker foal syndrome

bull Given in areas of high incidence geographically

Botulism Clostridium botulinum

bull Causes flaccid paralysisbull Endemic in KYbull 2 Forms

1048708 Shaker foal syndrome1048708 Forage poisoning

bull Vaccinate for type B usually in broodmares

Anthrax Vaccine

bull Anthrax vaccines are available for use but are not widely used except where a genuine risk is identified

Rabies Vaccine

bull 100 FATAL in all casesbull Virus affecting the nervous systembull Vaccinate horses where wildlife

(skunks foxes raccoons bats) rabies is endemic in the Houston area

bull Spinalcord or brainstem signsbull Very very commonly vaccinated for

here in Texas

Clinical Signs of Rabies

bull Can look like anything

bull Behavioral changes blindness

bull Ataxia and incoordination

bull Feverbull Hypersalivationbull Paralysisbull Colic

Rabies

bull The rabies virus is killed by most disinfectants Only lives in dried saliva or carcass for 24 hours But it can live for days in refrigerated carcasses

When to vaccinate - Rabies

bull Incubation period 2-9 weeksbull Death in 3-5 days once signs

developbull Vaccinate once a yearbull Vaccine is safe and effective

EquiRab a rabies vaccine designed specifically for horses

Rotavirus

bull Most common cause of infectious diarrhea in foals

bull Clinical Signs- profuse watery diarrhea fever lethargy

bull Highly contagious

Rotavirus Vaccination

bull Prevention- vaccination of pregnant mares 30 days before foaling in endemic herds may confer modest protection

Vaccine Pleasure

orShow

Pregnant Mare

Pasture Horse

Boarding Facility

Weanling (gt 6 mo)

Frequency

EEEWEE X X X X X Annual

West Nile Virus

X X X X X MaySept

Rabies X X X X X Annual

Tetanus X X X X X Annual

Herpes (Rhino)

X X X +- Q 6 months

Influenza X X X +- Q 6 months

Strangles X X X +- Annual

PHF +- +- +- +- +- AprilJune

EPM

Botulism Atlantic states

Comments

High rate of

exposure

Maternal Antibodies in last 30 days of

pregnancy

Protect from non-

equine vectors

High rate of exposure

Management Practices

bull Quarantine and monitoring of new horses

bull Isolation facility and protocol

bull Requirements prior to introduction of new horse

bull Separation of groups of horses according to use susceptibility to infection

Management Practices

bull Vector controlbull Management of

sick horsesbull Keep good

records

Questions

Strangles Streptococcus equi spp equibull Transmission Ingestion or

inhalation of infected discharge

bull Horse-horse contact or fomites

bull Highly contagiousbull High morbidity low

mortalitybull Incubation period 3-5

days

Strangles ndash Clinical Signs

bull Cough fever lymph node enlargement

bull Respiratory distress due to retropharyngeal lymph node enlargement

bull Complications-Purpura-Metastatic (ldquoBastardrdquo) strangles

Vaccination for Strangles

bull Previously affected farms

bull May lessen disease severity

bull Vaccine reactions-Purpura-Abscesses if IM vaccines become contaminated

bull Annual boosterbull Intranasal vaccine

Equine Viral Arteritis

bull Vaccine induces partial to complete protection against the clinical signs of disease but if virus challenged the virus can replicate in the animals body

bull Clinical signs fever depression nasal discharge lacrimation coughing and limb swelling

Potomac Horse Fever Vaccine

bull It is believed that aquatic insects are the vectors ticks snails

bull Efficacy of the vaccine is unknownbull Prevalent in the eastern states

near large waterwaysbull Use of this vaccine is usually in

areas where it is a problem

Botulism Vaccine

bull Usually given to mares 30 days prior to foaling for the prevention of shaker foal syndrome

bull Given in areas of high incidence geographically

Botulism Clostridium botulinum

bull Causes flaccid paralysisbull Endemic in KYbull 2 Forms

1048708 Shaker foal syndrome1048708 Forage poisoning

bull Vaccinate for type B usually in broodmares

Anthrax Vaccine

bull Anthrax vaccines are available for use but are not widely used except where a genuine risk is identified

Rabies Vaccine

bull 100 FATAL in all casesbull Virus affecting the nervous systembull Vaccinate horses where wildlife

(skunks foxes raccoons bats) rabies is endemic in the Houston area

bull Spinalcord or brainstem signsbull Very very commonly vaccinated for

here in Texas

Clinical Signs of Rabies

bull Can look like anything

bull Behavioral changes blindness

bull Ataxia and incoordination

bull Feverbull Hypersalivationbull Paralysisbull Colic

Rabies

bull The rabies virus is killed by most disinfectants Only lives in dried saliva or carcass for 24 hours But it can live for days in refrigerated carcasses

When to vaccinate - Rabies

bull Incubation period 2-9 weeksbull Death in 3-5 days once signs

developbull Vaccinate once a yearbull Vaccine is safe and effective

EquiRab a rabies vaccine designed specifically for horses

Rotavirus

bull Most common cause of infectious diarrhea in foals

bull Clinical Signs- profuse watery diarrhea fever lethargy

bull Highly contagious

Rotavirus Vaccination

bull Prevention- vaccination of pregnant mares 30 days before foaling in endemic herds may confer modest protection

Vaccine Pleasure

orShow

Pregnant Mare

Pasture Horse

Boarding Facility

Weanling (gt 6 mo)

Frequency

EEEWEE X X X X X Annual

West Nile Virus

X X X X X MaySept

Rabies X X X X X Annual

Tetanus X X X X X Annual

Herpes (Rhino)

X X X +- Q 6 months

Influenza X X X +- Q 6 months

Strangles X X X +- Annual

PHF +- +- +- +- +- AprilJune

EPM

Botulism Atlantic states

Comments

High rate of

exposure

Maternal Antibodies in last 30 days of

pregnancy

Protect from non-

equine vectors

High rate of exposure

Management Practices

bull Quarantine and monitoring of new horses

bull Isolation facility and protocol

bull Requirements prior to introduction of new horse

bull Separation of groups of horses according to use susceptibility to infection

Management Practices

bull Vector controlbull Management of

sick horsesbull Keep good

records

Questions

Strangles ndash Clinical Signs

bull Cough fever lymph node enlargement

bull Respiratory distress due to retropharyngeal lymph node enlargement

bull Complications-Purpura-Metastatic (ldquoBastardrdquo) strangles

Vaccination for Strangles

bull Previously affected farms

bull May lessen disease severity

bull Vaccine reactions-Purpura-Abscesses if IM vaccines become contaminated

bull Annual boosterbull Intranasal vaccine

Equine Viral Arteritis

bull Vaccine induces partial to complete protection against the clinical signs of disease but if virus challenged the virus can replicate in the animals body

bull Clinical signs fever depression nasal discharge lacrimation coughing and limb swelling

Potomac Horse Fever Vaccine

bull It is believed that aquatic insects are the vectors ticks snails

bull Efficacy of the vaccine is unknownbull Prevalent in the eastern states

near large waterwaysbull Use of this vaccine is usually in

areas where it is a problem

Botulism Vaccine

bull Usually given to mares 30 days prior to foaling for the prevention of shaker foal syndrome

bull Given in areas of high incidence geographically

Botulism Clostridium botulinum

bull Causes flaccid paralysisbull Endemic in KYbull 2 Forms

1048708 Shaker foal syndrome1048708 Forage poisoning

bull Vaccinate for type B usually in broodmares

Anthrax Vaccine

bull Anthrax vaccines are available for use but are not widely used except where a genuine risk is identified

Rabies Vaccine

bull 100 FATAL in all casesbull Virus affecting the nervous systembull Vaccinate horses where wildlife

(skunks foxes raccoons bats) rabies is endemic in the Houston area

bull Spinalcord or brainstem signsbull Very very commonly vaccinated for

here in Texas

Clinical Signs of Rabies

bull Can look like anything

bull Behavioral changes blindness

bull Ataxia and incoordination

bull Feverbull Hypersalivationbull Paralysisbull Colic

Rabies

bull The rabies virus is killed by most disinfectants Only lives in dried saliva or carcass for 24 hours But it can live for days in refrigerated carcasses

When to vaccinate - Rabies

bull Incubation period 2-9 weeksbull Death in 3-5 days once signs

developbull Vaccinate once a yearbull Vaccine is safe and effective

EquiRab a rabies vaccine designed specifically for horses

Rotavirus

bull Most common cause of infectious diarrhea in foals

bull Clinical Signs- profuse watery diarrhea fever lethargy

bull Highly contagious

Rotavirus Vaccination

bull Prevention- vaccination of pregnant mares 30 days before foaling in endemic herds may confer modest protection

Vaccine Pleasure

orShow

Pregnant Mare

Pasture Horse

Boarding Facility

Weanling (gt 6 mo)

Frequency

EEEWEE X X X X X Annual

West Nile Virus

X X X X X MaySept

Rabies X X X X X Annual

Tetanus X X X X X Annual

Herpes (Rhino)

X X X +- Q 6 months

Influenza X X X +- Q 6 months

Strangles X X X +- Annual

PHF +- +- +- +- +- AprilJune

EPM

Botulism Atlantic states

Comments

High rate of

exposure

Maternal Antibodies in last 30 days of

pregnancy

Protect from non-

equine vectors

High rate of exposure

Management Practices

bull Quarantine and monitoring of new horses

bull Isolation facility and protocol

bull Requirements prior to introduction of new horse

bull Separation of groups of horses according to use susceptibility to infection

Management Practices

bull Vector controlbull Management of

sick horsesbull Keep good

records

Questions

Vaccination for Strangles

bull Previously affected farms

bull May lessen disease severity

bull Vaccine reactions-Purpura-Abscesses if IM vaccines become contaminated

bull Annual boosterbull Intranasal vaccine

Equine Viral Arteritis

bull Vaccine induces partial to complete protection against the clinical signs of disease but if virus challenged the virus can replicate in the animals body

bull Clinical signs fever depression nasal discharge lacrimation coughing and limb swelling

Potomac Horse Fever Vaccine

bull It is believed that aquatic insects are the vectors ticks snails

bull Efficacy of the vaccine is unknownbull Prevalent in the eastern states

near large waterwaysbull Use of this vaccine is usually in

areas where it is a problem

Botulism Vaccine

bull Usually given to mares 30 days prior to foaling for the prevention of shaker foal syndrome

bull Given in areas of high incidence geographically

Botulism Clostridium botulinum

bull Causes flaccid paralysisbull Endemic in KYbull 2 Forms

1048708 Shaker foal syndrome1048708 Forage poisoning

bull Vaccinate for type B usually in broodmares

Anthrax Vaccine

bull Anthrax vaccines are available for use but are not widely used except where a genuine risk is identified

Rabies Vaccine

bull 100 FATAL in all casesbull Virus affecting the nervous systembull Vaccinate horses where wildlife

(skunks foxes raccoons bats) rabies is endemic in the Houston area

bull Spinalcord or brainstem signsbull Very very commonly vaccinated for

here in Texas

Clinical Signs of Rabies

bull Can look like anything

bull Behavioral changes blindness

bull Ataxia and incoordination

bull Feverbull Hypersalivationbull Paralysisbull Colic

Rabies

bull The rabies virus is killed by most disinfectants Only lives in dried saliva or carcass for 24 hours But it can live for days in refrigerated carcasses

When to vaccinate - Rabies

bull Incubation period 2-9 weeksbull Death in 3-5 days once signs

developbull Vaccinate once a yearbull Vaccine is safe and effective

EquiRab a rabies vaccine designed specifically for horses

Rotavirus

bull Most common cause of infectious diarrhea in foals

bull Clinical Signs- profuse watery diarrhea fever lethargy

bull Highly contagious

Rotavirus Vaccination

bull Prevention- vaccination of pregnant mares 30 days before foaling in endemic herds may confer modest protection

Vaccine Pleasure

orShow

Pregnant Mare

Pasture Horse

Boarding Facility

Weanling (gt 6 mo)

Frequency

EEEWEE X X X X X Annual

West Nile Virus

X X X X X MaySept

Rabies X X X X X Annual

Tetanus X X X X X Annual

Herpes (Rhino)

X X X +- Q 6 months

Influenza X X X +- Q 6 months

Strangles X X X +- Annual

PHF +- +- +- +- +- AprilJune

EPM

Botulism Atlantic states

Comments

High rate of

exposure

Maternal Antibodies in last 30 days of

pregnancy

Protect from non-

equine vectors

High rate of exposure

Management Practices

bull Quarantine and monitoring of new horses

bull Isolation facility and protocol

bull Requirements prior to introduction of new horse

bull Separation of groups of horses according to use susceptibility to infection

Management Practices

bull Vector controlbull Management of

sick horsesbull Keep good

records

Questions

Equine Viral Arteritis

bull Vaccine induces partial to complete protection against the clinical signs of disease but if virus challenged the virus can replicate in the animals body

bull Clinical signs fever depression nasal discharge lacrimation coughing and limb swelling

Potomac Horse Fever Vaccine

bull It is believed that aquatic insects are the vectors ticks snails

bull Efficacy of the vaccine is unknownbull Prevalent in the eastern states

near large waterwaysbull Use of this vaccine is usually in

areas where it is a problem

Botulism Vaccine

bull Usually given to mares 30 days prior to foaling for the prevention of shaker foal syndrome

bull Given in areas of high incidence geographically

Botulism Clostridium botulinum

bull Causes flaccid paralysisbull Endemic in KYbull 2 Forms

1048708 Shaker foal syndrome1048708 Forage poisoning

bull Vaccinate for type B usually in broodmares

Anthrax Vaccine

bull Anthrax vaccines are available for use but are not widely used except where a genuine risk is identified

Rabies Vaccine

bull 100 FATAL in all casesbull Virus affecting the nervous systembull Vaccinate horses where wildlife

(skunks foxes raccoons bats) rabies is endemic in the Houston area

bull Spinalcord or brainstem signsbull Very very commonly vaccinated for

here in Texas

Clinical Signs of Rabies

bull Can look like anything

bull Behavioral changes blindness

bull Ataxia and incoordination

bull Feverbull Hypersalivationbull Paralysisbull Colic

Rabies

bull The rabies virus is killed by most disinfectants Only lives in dried saliva or carcass for 24 hours But it can live for days in refrigerated carcasses

When to vaccinate - Rabies

bull Incubation period 2-9 weeksbull Death in 3-5 days once signs

developbull Vaccinate once a yearbull Vaccine is safe and effective

EquiRab a rabies vaccine designed specifically for horses

Rotavirus

bull Most common cause of infectious diarrhea in foals

bull Clinical Signs- profuse watery diarrhea fever lethargy

bull Highly contagious

Rotavirus Vaccination

bull Prevention- vaccination of pregnant mares 30 days before foaling in endemic herds may confer modest protection

Vaccine Pleasure

orShow

Pregnant Mare

Pasture Horse

Boarding Facility

Weanling (gt 6 mo)

Frequency

EEEWEE X X X X X Annual

West Nile Virus

X X X X X MaySept

Rabies X X X X X Annual

Tetanus X X X X X Annual

Herpes (Rhino)

X X X +- Q 6 months

Influenza X X X +- Q 6 months

Strangles X X X +- Annual

PHF +- +- +- +- +- AprilJune

EPM

Botulism Atlantic states

Comments

High rate of

exposure

Maternal Antibodies in last 30 days of

pregnancy

Protect from non-

equine vectors

High rate of exposure

Management Practices

bull Quarantine and monitoring of new horses

bull Isolation facility and protocol

bull Requirements prior to introduction of new horse

bull Separation of groups of horses according to use susceptibility to infection

Management Practices

bull Vector controlbull Management of

sick horsesbull Keep good

records

Questions

Potomac Horse Fever Vaccine

bull It is believed that aquatic insects are the vectors ticks snails

bull Efficacy of the vaccine is unknownbull Prevalent in the eastern states

near large waterwaysbull Use of this vaccine is usually in

areas where it is a problem

Botulism Vaccine

bull Usually given to mares 30 days prior to foaling for the prevention of shaker foal syndrome

bull Given in areas of high incidence geographically

Botulism Clostridium botulinum

bull Causes flaccid paralysisbull Endemic in KYbull 2 Forms

1048708 Shaker foal syndrome1048708 Forage poisoning

bull Vaccinate for type B usually in broodmares

Anthrax Vaccine

bull Anthrax vaccines are available for use but are not widely used except where a genuine risk is identified

Rabies Vaccine

bull 100 FATAL in all casesbull Virus affecting the nervous systembull Vaccinate horses where wildlife

(skunks foxes raccoons bats) rabies is endemic in the Houston area

bull Spinalcord or brainstem signsbull Very very commonly vaccinated for

here in Texas

Clinical Signs of Rabies

bull Can look like anything

bull Behavioral changes blindness

bull Ataxia and incoordination

bull Feverbull Hypersalivationbull Paralysisbull Colic

Rabies

bull The rabies virus is killed by most disinfectants Only lives in dried saliva or carcass for 24 hours But it can live for days in refrigerated carcasses

When to vaccinate - Rabies

bull Incubation period 2-9 weeksbull Death in 3-5 days once signs

developbull Vaccinate once a yearbull Vaccine is safe and effective

EquiRab a rabies vaccine designed specifically for horses

Rotavirus

bull Most common cause of infectious diarrhea in foals

bull Clinical Signs- profuse watery diarrhea fever lethargy

bull Highly contagious

Rotavirus Vaccination

bull Prevention- vaccination of pregnant mares 30 days before foaling in endemic herds may confer modest protection

Vaccine Pleasure

orShow

Pregnant Mare

Pasture Horse

Boarding Facility

Weanling (gt 6 mo)

Frequency

EEEWEE X X X X X Annual

West Nile Virus

X X X X X MaySept

Rabies X X X X X Annual

Tetanus X X X X X Annual

Herpes (Rhino)

X X X +- Q 6 months

Influenza X X X +- Q 6 months

Strangles X X X +- Annual

PHF +- +- +- +- +- AprilJune

EPM

Botulism Atlantic states

Comments

High rate of

exposure

Maternal Antibodies in last 30 days of

pregnancy

Protect from non-

equine vectors

High rate of exposure

Management Practices

bull Quarantine and monitoring of new horses

bull Isolation facility and protocol

bull Requirements prior to introduction of new horse

bull Separation of groups of horses according to use susceptibility to infection

Management Practices

bull Vector controlbull Management of

sick horsesbull Keep good

records

Questions

Botulism Vaccine

bull Usually given to mares 30 days prior to foaling for the prevention of shaker foal syndrome

bull Given in areas of high incidence geographically

Botulism Clostridium botulinum

bull Causes flaccid paralysisbull Endemic in KYbull 2 Forms

1048708 Shaker foal syndrome1048708 Forage poisoning

bull Vaccinate for type B usually in broodmares

Anthrax Vaccine

bull Anthrax vaccines are available for use but are not widely used except where a genuine risk is identified

Rabies Vaccine

bull 100 FATAL in all casesbull Virus affecting the nervous systembull Vaccinate horses where wildlife

(skunks foxes raccoons bats) rabies is endemic in the Houston area

bull Spinalcord or brainstem signsbull Very very commonly vaccinated for

here in Texas

Clinical Signs of Rabies

bull Can look like anything

bull Behavioral changes blindness

bull Ataxia and incoordination

bull Feverbull Hypersalivationbull Paralysisbull Colic

Rabies

bull The rabies virus is killed by most disinfectants Only lives in dried saliva or carcass for 24 hours But it can live for days in refrigerated carcasses

When to vaccinate - Rabies

bull Incubation period 2-9 weeksbull Death in 3-5 days once signs

developbull Vaccinate once a yearbull Vaccine is safe and effective

EquiRab a rabies vaccine designed specifically for horses

Rotavirus

bull Most common cause of infectious diarrhea in foals

bull Clinical Signs- profuse watery diarrhea fever lethargy

bull Highly contagious

Rotavirus Vaccination

bull Prevention- vaccination of pregnant mares 30 days before foaling in endemic herds may confer modest protection

Vaccine Pleasure

orShow

Pregnant Mare

Pasture Horse

Boarding Facility

Weanling (gt 6 mo)

Frequency

EEEWEE X X X X X Annual

West Nile Virus

X X X X X MaySept

Rabies X X X X X Annual

Tetanus X X X X X Annual

Herpes (Rhino)

X X X +- Q 6 months

Influenza X X X +- Q 6 months

Strangles X X X +- Annual

PHF +- +- +- +- +- AprilJune

EPM

Botulism Atlantic states

Comments

High rate of

exposure

Maternal Antibodies in last 30 days of

pregnancy

Protect from non-

equine vectors

High rate of exposure

Management Practices

bull Quarantine and monitoring of new horses

bull Isolation facility and protocol

bull Requirements prior to introduction of new horse

bull Separation of groups of horses according to use susceptibility to infection

Management Practices

bull Vector controlbull Management of

sick horsesbull Keep good

records

Questions

Botulism Clostridium botulinum

bull Causes flaccid paralysisbull Endemic in KYbull 2 Forms

1048708 Shaker foal syndrome1048708 Forage poisoning

bull Vaccinate for type B usually in broodmares

Anthrax Vaccine

bull Anthrax vaccines are available for use but are not widely used except where a genuine risk is identified

Rabies Vaccine

bull 100 FATAL in all casesbull Virus affecting the nervous systembull Vaccinate horses where wildlife

(skunks foxes raccoons bats) rabies is endemic in the Houston area

bull Spinalcord or brainstem signsbull Very very commonly vaccinated for

here in Texas

Clinical Signs of Rabies

bull Can look like anything

bull Behavioral changes blindness

bull Ataxia and incoordination

bull Feverbull Hypersalivationbull Paralysisbull Colic

Rabies

bull The rabies virus is killed by most disinfectants Only lives in dried saliva or carcass for 24 hours But it can live for days in refrigerated carcasses

When to vaccinate - Rabies

bull Incubation period 2-9 weeksbull Death in 3-5 days once signs

developbull Vaccinate once a yearbull Vaccine is safe and effective

EquiRab a rabies vaccine designed specifically for horses

Rotavirus

bull Most common cause of infectious diarrhea in foals

bull Clinical Signs- profuse watery diarrhea fever lethargy

bull Highly contagious

Rotavirus Vaccination

bull Prevention- vaccination of pregnant mares 30 days before foaling in endemic herds may confer modest protection

Vaccine Pleasure

orShow

Pregnant Mare

Pasture Horse

Boarding Facility

Weanling (gt 6 mo)

Frequency

EEEWEE X X X X X Annual

West Nile Virus

X X X X X MaySept

Rabies X X X X X Annual

Tetanus X X X X X Annual

Herpes (Rhino)

X X X +- Q 6 months

Influenza X X X +- Q 6 months

Strangles X X X +- Annual

PHF +- +- +- +- +- AprilJune

EPM

Botulism Atlantic states

Comments

High rate of

exposure

Maternal Antibodies in last 30 days of

pregnancy

Protect from non-

equine vectors

High rate of exposure

Management Practices

bull Quarantine and monitoring of new horses

bull Isolation facility and protocol

bull Requirements prior to introduction of new horse

bull Separation of groups of horses according to use susceptibility to infection

Management Practices

bull Vector controlbull Management of

sick horsesbull Keep good

records

Questions

Anthrax Vaccine

bull Anthrax vaccines are available for use but are not widely used except where a genuine risk is identified

Rabies Vaccine

bull 100 FATAL in all casesbull Virus affecting the nervous systembull Vaccinate horses where wildlife

(skunks foxes raccoons bats) rabies is endemic in the Houston area

bull Spinalcord or brainstem signsbull Very very commonly vaccinated for

here in Texas

Clinical Signs of Rabies

bull Can look like anything

bull Behavioral changes blindness

bull Ataxia and incoordination

bull Feverbull Hypersalivationbull Paralysisbull Colic

Rabies

bull The rabies virus is killed by most disinfectants Only lives in dried saliva or carcass for 24 hours But it can live for days in refrigerated carcasses

When to vaccinate - Rabies

bull Incubation period 2-9 weeksbull Death in 3-5 days once signs

developbull Vaccinate once a yearbull Vaccine is safe and effective

EquiRab a rabies vaccine designed specifically for horses

Rotavirus

bull Most common cause of infectious diarrhea in foals

bull Clinical Signs- profuse watery diarrhea fever lethargy

bull Highly contagious

Rotavirus Vaccination

bull Prevention- vaccination of pregnant mares 30 days before foaling in endemic herds may confer modest protection

Vaccine Pleasure

orShow

Pregnant Mare

Pasture Horse

Boarding Facility

Weanling (gt 6 mo)

Frequency

EEEWEE X X X X X Annual

West Nile Virus

X X X X X MaySept

Rabies X X X X X Annual

Tetanus X X X X X Annual

Herpes (Rhino)

X X X +- Q 6 months

Influenza X X X +- Q 6 months

Strangles X X X +- Annual

PHF +- +- +- +- +- AprilJune

EPM

Botulism Atlantic states

Comments

High rate of

exposure

Maternal Antibodies in last 30 days of

pregnancy

Protect from non-

equine vectors

High rate of exposure

Management Practices

bull Quarantine and monitoring of new horses

bull Isolation facility and protocol

bull Requirements prior to introduction of new horse

bull Separation of groups of horses according to use susceptibility to infection

Management Practices

bull Vector controlbull Management of

sick horsesbull Keep good

records

Questions

Rabies Vaccine

bull 100 FATAL in all casesbull Virus affecting the nervous systembull Vaccinate horses where wildlife

(skunks foxes raccoons bats) rabies is endemic in the Houston area

bull Spinalcord or brainstem signsbull Very very commonly vaccinated for

here in Texas

Clinical Signs of Rabies

bull Can look like anything

bull Behavioral changes blindness

bull Ataxia and incoordination

bull Feverbull Hypersalivationbull Paralysisbull Colic

Rabies

bull The rabies virus is killed by most disinfectants Only lives in dried saliva or carcass for 24 hours But it can live for days in refrigerated carcasses

When to vaccinate - Rabies

bull Incubation period 2-9 weeksbull Death in 3-5 days once signs

developbull Vaccinate once a yearbull Vaccine is safe and effective

EquiRab a rabies vaccine designed specifically for horses

Rotavirus

bull Most common cause of infectious diarrhea in foals

bull Clinical Signs- profuse watery diarrhea fever lethargy

bull Highly contagious

Rotavirus Vaccination

bull Prevention- vaccination of pregnant mares 30 days before foaling in endemic herds may confer modest protection

Vaccine Pleasure

orShow

Pregnant Mare

Pasture Horse

Boarding Facility

Weanling (gt 6 mo)

Frequency

EEEWEE X X X X X Annual

West Nile Virus

X X X X X MaySept

Rabies X X X X X Annual

Tetanus X X X X X Annual

Herpes (Rhino)

X X X +- Q 6 months

Influenza X X X +- Q 6 months

Strangles X X X +- Annual

PHF +- +- +- +- +- AprilJune

EPM

Botulism Atlantic states

Comments

High rate of

exposure

Maternal Antibodies in last 30 days of

pregnancy

Protect from non-

equine vectors

High rate of exposure

Management Practices

bull Quarantine and monitoring of new horses

bull Isolation facility and protocol

bull Requirements prior to introduction of new horse

bull Separation of groups of horses according to use susceptibility to infection

Management Practices

bull Vector controlbull Management of

sick horsesbull Keep good

records

Questions

Clinical Signs of Rabies

bull Can look like anything

bull Behavioral changes blindness

bull Ataxia and incoordination

bull Feverbull Hypersalivationbull Paralysisbull Colic

Rabies

bull The rabies virus is killed by most disinfectants Only lives in dried saliva or carcass for 24 hours But it can live for days in refrigerated carcasses

When to vaccinate - Rabies

bull Incubation period 2-9 weeksbull Death in 3-5 days once signs

developbull Vaccinate once a yearbull Vaccine is safe and effective

EquiRab a rabies vaccine designed specifically for horses

Rotavirus

bull Most common cause of infectious diarrhea in foals

bull Clinical Signs- profuse watery diarrhea fever lethargy

bull Highly contagious

Rotavirus Vaccination

bull Prevention- vaccination of pregnant mares 30 days before foaling in endemic herds may confer modest protection

Vaccine Pleasure

orShow

Pregnant Mare

Pasture Horse

Boarding Facility

Weanling (gt 6 mo)

Frequency

EEEWEE X X X X X Annual

West Nile Virus

X X X X X MaySept

Rabies X X X X X Annual

Tetanus X X X X X Annual

Herpes (Rhino)

X X X +- Q 6 months

Influenza X X X +- Q 6 months

Strangles X X X +- Annual

PHF +- +- +- +- +- AprilJune

EPM

Botulism Atlantic states

Comments

High rate of

exposure

Maternal Antibodies in last 30 days of

pregnancy

Protect from non-

equine vectors

High rate of exposure

Management Practices

bull Quarantine and monitoring of new horses

bull Isolation facility and protocol

bull Requirements prior to introduction of new horse

bull Separation of groups of horses according to use susceptibility to infection

Management Practices

bull Vector controlbull Management of

sick horsesbull Keep good

records

Questions

Rabies

bull The rabies virus is killed by most disinfectants Only lives in dried saliva or carcass for 24 hours But it can live for days in refrigerated carcasses

When to vaccinate - Rabies

bull Incubation period 2-9 weeksbull Death in 3-5 days once signs

developbull Vaccinate once a yearbull Vaccine is safe and effective

EquiRab a rabies vaccine designed specifically for horses

Rotavirus

bull Most common cause of infectious diarrhea in foals

bull Clinical Signs- profuse watery diarrhea fever lethargy

bull Highly contagious

Rotavirus Vaccination

bull Prevention- vaccination of pregnant mares 30 days before foaling in endemic herds may confer modest protection

Vaccine Pleasure

orShow

Pregnant Mare

Pasture Horse

Boarding Facility

Weanling (gt 6 mo)

Frequency

EEEWEE X X X X X Annual

West Nile Virus

X X X X X MaySept

Rabies X X X X X Annual

Tetanus X X X X X Annual

Herpes (Rhino)

X X X +- Q 6 months

Influenza X X X +- Q 6 months

Strangles X X X +- Annual

PHF +- +- +- +- +- AprilJune

EPM

Botulism Atlantic states

Comments

High rate of

exposure

Maternal Antibodies in last 30 days of

pregnancy

Protect from non-

equine vectors

High rate of exposure

Management Practices

bull Quarantine and monitoring of new horses

bull Isolation facility and protocol

bull Requirements prior to introduction of new horse

bull Separation of groups of horses according to use susceptibility to infection

Management Practices

bull Vector controlbull Management of

sick horsesbull Keep good

records

Questions

When to vaccinate - Rabies

bull Incubation period 2-9 weeksbull Death in 3-5 days once signs

developbull Vaccinate once a yearbull Vaccine is safe and effective

EquiRab a rabies vaccine designed specifically for horses

Rotavirus

bull Most common cause of infectious diarrhea in foals

bull Clinical Signs- profuse watery diarrhea fever lethargy

bull Highly contagious

Rotavirus Vaccination

bull Prevention- vaccination of pregnant mares 30 days before foaling in endemic herds may confer modest protection

Vaccine Pleasure

orShow

Pregnant Mare

Pasture Horse

Boarding Facility

Weanling (gt 6 mo)

Frequency

EEEWEE X X X X X Annual

West Nile Virus

X X X X X MaySept

Rabies X X X X X Annual

Tetanus X X X X X Annual

Herpes (Rhino)

X X X +- Q 6 months

Influenza X X X +- Q 6 months

Strangles X X X +- Annual

PHF +- +- +- +- +- AprilJune

EPM

Botulism Atlantic states

Comments

High rate of

exposure

Maternal Antibodies in last 30 days of

pregnancy

Protect from non-

equine vectors

High rate of exposure

Management Practices

bull Quarantine and monitoring of new horses

bull Isolation facility and protocol

bull Requirements prior to introduction of new horse

bull Separation of groups of horses according to use susceptibility to infection

Management Practices

bull Vector controlbull Management of

sick horsesbull Keep good

records

Questions

Rotavirus

bull Most common cause of infectious diarrhea in foals

bull Clinical Signs- profuse watery diarrhea fever lethargy

bull Highly contagious

Rotavirus Vaccination

bull Prevention- vaccination of pregnant mares 30 days before foaling in endemic herds may confer modest protection

Vaccine Pleasure

orShow

Pregnant Mare

Pasture Horse

Boarding Facility

Weanling (gt 6 mo)

Frequency

EEEWEE X X X X X Annual

West Nile Virus

X X X X X MaySept

Rabies X X X X X Annual

Tetanus X X X X X Annual

Herpes (Rhino)

X X X +- Q 6 months

Influenza X X X +- Q 6 months

Strangles X X X +- Annual

PHF +- +- +- +- +- AprilJune

EPM

Botulism Atlantic states

Comments

High rate of

exposure

Maternal Antibodies in last 30 days of

pregnancy

Protect from non-

equine vectors

High rate of exposure

Management Practices

bull Quarantine and monitoring of new horses

bull Isolation facility and protocol

bull Requirements prior to introduction of new horse

bull Separation of groups of horses according to use susceptibility to infection

Management Practices

bull Vector controlbull Management of

sick horsesbull Keep good

records

Questions

Rotavirus Vaccination

bull Prevention- vaccination of pregnant mares 30 days before foaling in endemic herds may confer modest protection

Vaccine Pleasure

orShow

Pregnant Mare

Pasture Horse

Boarding Facility

Weanling (gt 6 mo)

Frequency

EEEWEE X X X X X Annual

West Nile Virus

X X X X X MaySept

Rabies X X X X X Annual

Tetanus X X X X X Annual

Herpes (Rhino)

X X X +- Q 6 months

Influenza X X X +- Q 6 months

Strangles X X X +- Annual

PHF +- +- +- +- +- AprilJune

EPM

Botulism Atlantic states

Comments

High rate of

exposure

Maternal Antibodies in last 30 days of

pregnancy

Protect from non-

equine vectors

High rate of exposure

Management Practices

bull Quarantine and monitoring of new horses

bull Isolation facility and protocol

bull Requirements prior to introduction of new horse

bull Separation of groups of horses according to use susceptibility to infection

Management Practices

bull Vector controlbull Management of

sick horsesbull Keep good

records

Questions

Vaccine Pleasure

orShow

Pregnant Mare

Pasture Horse

Boarding Facility

Weanling (gt 6 mo)

Frequency

EEEWEE X X X X X Annual

West Nile Virus

X X X X X MaySept

Rabies X X X X X Annual

Tetanus X X X X X Annual

Herpes (Rhino)

X X X +- Q 6 months

Influenza X X X +- Q 6 months

Strangles X X X +- Annual

PHF +- +- +- +- +- AprilJune

EPM

Botulism Atlantic states

Comments

High rate of

exposure

Maternal Antibodies in last 30 days of

pregnancy

Protect from non-

equine vectors

High rate of exposure

Management Practices

bull Quarantine and monitoring of new horses

bull Isolation facility and protocol

bull Requirements prior to introduction of new horse

bull Separation of groups of horses according to use susceptibility to infection

Management Practices

bull Vector controlbull Management of

sick horsesbull Keep good

records

Questions

Management Practices

bull Quarantine and monitoring of new horses

bull Isolation facility and protocol

bull Requirements prior to introduction of new horse

bull Separation of groups of horses according to use susceptibility to infection

Management Practices

bull Vector controlbull Management of

sick horsesbull Keep good

records

Questions

Management Practices

bull Vector controlbull Management of

sick horsesbull Keep good

records

Questions

Questions