pretreatment - clackamas community college | home
TRANSCRIPT
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TYPES OF INDUSTRIAL WASTE AND HOW THEY CAN IMPACT A TREATMENT PLANT
Frank Dick, P.E. City of Vancouver, Department of Public Works
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Types of Industrial Waste
Airport Deicing
Breweries
Electroplating
Fruits and Vegetable Processing
Semiconductor
Metal Finishing
Transportation Equipment
Dairy Products Processing
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Effects on Collection System
Hydraulic Loading
pH
Blockages
Odors
Flammables
Inhalation Hazards /
Toxic Fumes
Corrosion
Reactive
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Hydraulic Capacity Large slug wastewater or continuous flow
- sewer backup or pump station overflow
- process disruptions at treatment plant
Flow equalization
Flow monitoring
Slug discharge or flow control plan
Source: Industrial Waste Treatment Volume I, Office of Water Programs CSU Sacramento http://www.foxeng.com/work/sequencing-batch-reactor-wastewater-treatment-plant/
Industries of Concern
Dairy Products Processing Breweries
Meat & Poultry Products Electrical/Electronic
Components
Transportation Equipment
Cleaning
Soap & Detergent
Manufacturing
Fruits & Vegetable
Processing
Centralized Waste
Treatment
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pH
Acidic or alkaline wastewater - corrosion of sewer pipes and facilities
Typical limits 5.5 - 10 on standard units scale (0 - 14)
pH neutralization equipment
Equalization
Slug discharge control plans
Source: Industrial Waste Treatment Volume I, Office of Water Programs CSU Sacramento
Industries of Concern
Dairy Products
Processing Breweries
Meat & Poultry Products Electrical/Electronic
Components
Transportation
Equipment Cleaning
Soap & Detergent
Manufacturing
Fruits & Vegetable
Processing
Centralized Waste
Treatment
Most Common Chemicals Used
Sodium Hydroxide Hydrochloric Acid
Sulfuric Acid Potassium Hydroxide
Sodium Hypochlorite
Citric Acid
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Blockages Fibrous or stringy materials
Heavy solids
Floatable solids
FOG
Drain traps
Grease traps & interceptors
Dissolved Air Flotation
Precipitation / Clarifiers /
Filter Presses
Industries of Concern
Detention Centers (Jails) Breweries
Meat Poultry Products Transportation
Equipment Cleaning
Restaurants Dairy Products
Processing
Fruits & Vegetable
Processing
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Flammables
Petroleum fuels
Plant based fuels / alcohols
Organic solvents
H2S
Storage / containment
Solvent Mgmt Plans
LEL gas sensors
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Toxic Fumes Toxic organic solvents
H2S
Cyanide
Chlorine
Phosgene
Arsine / Phospine
Solvent Mgmt Plans
Lab Mgmt Plans
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Toxic Fumes Phosgene
COCl2
Produced UV, O2, chloromethanes
Disrupts blood-oxygen barrier in lungs
- Suffocation
Odor threshold 0.4 ppm, 4X TLV
Hydrogen Cyanide
Colorless
Flammable
Extremely poisonous - binds to Fe in blood and
Inhibits cellular respiration
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Reactive
Sodium azide
Hydrogen-producing reactions
H2S-producing reactions
Phosgene-productions reactions
Solvent mgmt plans
Lab mgmt plans
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Effects on Treatment Plant Processes
Hydraulic Loading
pH
Blockages
Odors
Flammables
Inhalation Hazards /
Toxic Fumes
Corrosion
Reactive
Metals
Dyes / Photoresist
Dissolved solids
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Hydraulic Loading Large slug wastewater or continuous flow
Decrease efficiency of treatment processes
Increase solids carryover
Unit processes such as neutralization, sedimentation, and biological
treatment operate best at a constant flow rate
Flow equalization
Flow monitoring
Slug discharge or flow control plan
Source: Industrial Waste Treatment Volume I, Office of Water Programs CSU Sacramento http://www.foxeng.com/work/sequencing-batch-reactor-wastewater-treatment-plant/
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pH
Acidic wastewater
Increased H2S production and odor
Increased suspended solids from secondary clarifier such
Decreased COD removal
Typical limits 5.5 - 10 on standard units scale (0 - 14)
pH neutralization equipment
Equalization
Slug discharge control plans
Source: Industrial Waste Treatment Volume I, Office of Water Programs CSU Sacramento
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Odors H2S - sulfur bearing compounds
Amines - nitrogen bearing compounds
Putrescibles
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Flammables
Petroleum fuels
Plant based fuels / alcohols
Organic solvents
H2S
LEL gas sensors
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Toxic Fumes Toxic organic solvents
H2S
Cyanide
Chlorine
Phosgene
Arsine / Phospine
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A Word About Phosphine . . .
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Metals - Zinc
Essential for life of organisms
Excess - toxicity anti-microbial
Balance of binding with proteins & essential for numerous cellular functions - viability
Intoxication - disrupts balance of functions especially oxidative stress and ability to take up carbon
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Metals - Copper
Essential for life of organisms
Excess - toxicity anti-microbial Oligodynamic effect
Balance of binding with proteins & essential for numerous cellular functions - viability
Intoxication - disrupts balance of functions - promotes development of oxygen reactive compounds
Drinking water - 1.3 mg/L EPA Standard
Organic ligand vs. metallic
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Metals - Copper
Essential for life of aquatic life
Excess . . .
Acute - mortality
Chronic - survival, growth and reproduction
(Brain function, metabolism, enzyme activity, blood chemistry)
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Metals - Cadmium
Catalyst in forming reactive oxygen compounds
Exposure:
Uptake in plants from soils
Cigarette smoke
Workplace inhalation
Low limits for Biosolids application
Batteries, pigments, plastic stabilizers, platings, photovoltaics
Buildup in kidneys - renal failures
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Metals - Chromium
Inhibits respiratory activity and cellular growth - activated sludge
Inhibition of nitrification process Cr+6
Higher concentrations
Cr+6 crosses membrane into cell & forms Cr+3
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Lead 7-day toxicity much greater than 24-hour
Particularly degrading to nitrification
OUR responds quickly to addition of Pb
Developing nervous systems - children
Wide range neurological effects
Renal effects and gout
Interferes and inhibits enzymatic and hormonal conversions e.g. Vitamin D
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Mercury
May inhibit cellular growth
Accumulates in aquatic food chain - methylated form
Treatment plants removed 90% of Hg
Ingestion of metallic mercury - typically 0.01% absorbed into body. For organic mercury, 95%
Inhalation of vapors - 80%
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Nickel
Inhibits respiratory activity and cellular growth –
activated sludge
Inhibition of nitrification process
Carcinogen (Ni compounds)
Dermatitis
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Effects on Plant Effluent / Receiving Waters
Bioaccumulation in aquatic life & food chain
Hormonal disruptions
Fish behaviorial disruptions
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Anaerobic Digestion
Anaerobic systems have a narrower spectrum of life forms and are more sensitive to heavy metals
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Microbeads
Tiny bits of plastic - soaps, cosmetics
Can adsorb toxic compounds
Ingested by fish
Microbead-Free Waters Act
Of 2015
2017 !
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Total Dissolved Solids
Minerals, salts, anions, cations, metals dissolved in water
Typ. Magnesium, sodium, potassium, borates, chlorides, calcium, carbonates, sulfate
Affects to Whole Effluent Toxicity tests
General ROT: 1,500 mg/L or higher
Varies - hardness, composite of TDS, species tested
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Dyes / Photoresist
Affects transmittance of UV light in water for disinfection
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A Word on Perfluorinated Compounds
PFAS – perfluoroakyl substances
PFOA – perfluorooctanoic acid
PFOS – perfluorooctane sulfonate
Bioaccumulative, persistent
Possible growth inhibition, mortality
Water and stain resistant materials
Keep food from sticking to packaging
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A Word on Nonylphenols . . .
Highly toxic to fish, aquatic invertebrates, plants
As low as 0.12 mg/L
Industrial laundries
Textile & paper coatings
Adhesives
Degreasers
Deicers
Encourage uses of other alkylphenols
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A Word on Sodium Azide . . .
NaN3
Biocide in hospitals
Similar to CO – attaching to hemoglobin
Reactive – acids
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Dry & Wet Strength
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Slosh Box – Reynold’s # Correlation
Re = Rh V ρ / µ Ratio of inertia force, and viscous (friction) force
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# 20,000
8” sewer lines
2 fps
0.0022 slope
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South Interceptor 1.5 fps 32 min (2,816 ft)
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