HMD5032PRESSURE VESSEL DESIGNKOLEJ KEMAHIRAN TINGGI MARAPASIR MAS, KELANTAN

INSTRUCTIONAL AIMSIn the end of this topic, all students will be able to;Explain about the definition of pressure vessel.List out the shape of pressure vessel.Explain about the classification of pressure vessel.State type, pressure vessel nature and functionKnow about a factor should be consider in selecting material.Explain about the failure will be occur into pressure vessel.

INTRODUCTIONIn generally, pressure vessel is designed according to ASME codes, section VIII, division 1.

Design pressure vessel should be consider with high spec of safety factor and the rule as per ASME requirement.

Also it should be consider all external loads

INTRODUCTION (Cont..)The formula to find vessel thickness and maximum allowable working pressure can obtained from ASME.

Generally, pressure vessel is a large diameter pipe and it will have an internal and an external components.

INTRODUCTION (Cont..)Pressure vessel can be classified into several shapes which that are:Cylindrical pressure vesselSpherical pressure vesselRectangular pressure vessel

Customary pressure vessel used to keep petrol whether it is leaded or unleaded.

CYLINDRICAL PRESSURE VESSEL

SPHERICAL PRESSURE VESSEL

RECTANGULAR PRESSURE VESSEL

DEFINITIONWas one reservoir which possess different pressure compared its atmospheric pressure and content liable liquid, gas or semi liquid.

CLASSIFICATION OF PRESSURE VESSELPressure vessel may be classed to several category which it is based on:Vessel thickness.Vessel geometrical shape.End construction of pressure vessel.Pressure will be imposed to vessel.Material used.Usage

TYPES OF PRESSURE VESSELPressure vessel can be divided into 4 types which every type differ according to his use.

Fractionating TowerReflux AccumulatorReactorSeparator

PRESSURE VESSEL NATURE AND FUNCTIONFRACTIONATING TOWER

It is cylindrical vessel and have total length measurement 100 feet or over.

Having a lot of rating trays in the vessel.

Function as fragmentation processing place products. For example petroleum.

PRESSURE VESSEL NATURE AND FUNCTION (Cont..)

No chemical substance change happening during fragmentation process carried out.

Occurrence of different temperature in every tray level where it its depend to product type wish to be produced.

FRACTIONATING TOWER

FRACTIONATING TOWER

PRESSURE VESSEL NATURE AND FUNCTION (Cont..)REFLUX ACCUMULATOR

Also known as Overhead Accumulator.

It is cylindrical pressure vessel.

It will use to collect overhead product from a fractionating tower.

REFLUX ACCUMULATOR

REFLUX ACCUMULATOR

PRESSURE VESSEL NATURE AND FUNCTION (Cont..)REACTOR (REAKTOR)

Usually use in chemical industry.The shaped of reactor is cylindrical or sometimes it will spherical vessel.Contain active catalyst to carry out chemical reaction.Reactor can be use to change molecules or structure of fluid.

REACTOR

REACTOR

REACTOR PROCESS

PRESSURE VESSEL NATURE AND FUNCTION (Cont..)SEPARATOR (PEMISAH)

It is cylindrical vessel as a horizontal or vertical vessel.

Function to separate vapour from liquid and also to separate liquid content from liquid density different.

SEPARATOR

SEPARATOR

SEPARATOR

PRESSURE VESSEL MATERIALMay be classed to 2 types of material namely:

Carbon Steel eg; SA240 GR.50, SA240 GR.55

Stainless Steel eg; SA240 SS310, SA240 SS340

MATERIAL SELECTION FACTOR Suitability with his use.

Comply with ASME's needed (Boiler and Pressure Vessel Codes).

Manufacturing cost.

Easy to obtain material.

FAILURE FACTOR ON PRESSURE VESSELIt can divided into 3 failure type where it its often happen on a pressure vessel.

Corrosion FailureStress FailureDefective Material

FAILURE FACTOR ON PRESSURE VESSEL (Cont..)Corrosion Failure

This failure was brought by corrosion which occurred to pressure vessel.

Body thickness of pressure vessel will decrease during sand blasting process.

FAILURE FACTOR ON PRESSURE VESSEL (Cont..)Stress Failure

This failure was brought by condition of substance experience recurring pressure and exceeding his limit.

Strength of material will be decrease and will not be able to accommodate high pressures.

FAILURE FACTOR ON PRESSURE VESSEL (Cont..)Defective Material

This failure was brought by condition of substance suffer damage during process fabrication.

Material suffer damage undetectable during screening process carried out.

QUESTIONList out 3 shapes of pressure vessel.CylindricalSphericalRectangular

List out 2 of pressure vessel types.ReactorSeparatorAccumulatorFractionating Tower

END OF CHAPTER 1THANK YOU