Presidents, Civil Presidents, Civil Rights and SuffrageRights and Suffrage

Throughout HistoryThroughout History

Civil RightsCivil Rights

A right someone A right someone is born withis born with

One of the most One of the most important is the important is the African African American American Movement, or Movement, or the Civil Rights the Civil Rights MovementMovement

http://www.loc.gov/exhibits/civilrights/images/civilrights-homeimage-previ.jpg

Civil RightsCivil Rights

The Civil Rights The Civil Rights Movement brought Movement brought about the extinction of about the extinction of the phrase “separate the phrase “separate but equal” and the but equal” and the laws that were laws that were unconstitutional unconstitutional towards the African towards the African AmericansAmericans

African Americans African Americans were thought to be were thought to be dirty and unable to dirty and unable to accomplish anythingaccomplish anything http://depts.washington.edu/

labhist/pnwlabor/civil_rights_march_cut.jpg

This is a comic from 1962 about This is a comic from 1962 about the separate but equal laws the separate but equal laws during the Civil Rights during the Civil Rights MovementMovement

http://www.loc.gov/exhibits/brown/images/br0168s.jpg

Psychological Aspects Psychological Aspects of Civil Rights of Civil Rights MovementMovement1962: James Meredith was denied 1962: James Meredith was denied

from University of Mississippi from University of Mississippi because of his race because of his race

This is an act This is an act

of racial of racial

discriminationdiscrimination

http://countrystudies.us/united-states/history-130.htmhttp://countrystudies.us/united-states/history-130.htm

Civil Rights Civil Rights continued…continued…

Civil Rights Act of 1964 outlawed Civil Rights Act of 1964 outlawed discrimination in public places discrimination in public places and provided integration of public and provided integration of public schools and public facilities; also schools and public facilities; also made employment discrimination made employment discrimination illegalillegal

http://http://www.ourdocuments.gov/doc.php?flashwww.ourdocuments.gov/doc.php?flash==true&doctrue&doc=97=97

This image is of Lyndon B. Johnson This image is of Lyndon B. Johnson signing the Civil Rights Act of signing the Civil Rights Act of 1964 into law on July 2, 19641964 into law on July 2, 1964

Psychological Psychological Perspective on Perspective on SuffrageSuffrageThe 15The 15thth Amendment essentially gave Amendment essentially gave

African Americans the right to voteAfrican Americans the right to vote

"the right of citizens of the United "the right of citizens of the United States to vote shall not be denied or States to vote shall not be denied or abridged by the United States or by abridged by the United States or by any state on account of race, color, any state on account of race, color, or previous condition of servitude." or previous condition of servitude."

http://www.americaslibrary.gov/cgi-bin/page.cgi/jb/recon/revised_3

The 15The 15thth Amendment Amendment

The passage of the 15The passage of the 15thth Amendment did Amendment did not bring about full suffrage of African not bring about full suffrage of African AmericansAmericans

It took about 100 more years to remove It took about 100 more years to remove discriminating barriers such as poll discriminating barriers such as poll taxes, literacy tests, and intimidation taxes, literacy tests, and intimidation with the passing of the Voting Rights with the passing of the Voting Rights Act of 1965 Act of 1965

Women’s SuffrageWomen’s Suffrage 1515thth Amendment did not mention Amendment did not mention

sex, so until the 19sex, so until the 19thth Amendment Amendment passed in 1920, women were not passed in 1920, women were not allowed to voteallowed to vote

Governor Edwin Morrow Governor Edwin Morrow of Kentucky signs the of Kentucky signs the 1919thth Amendment Amendment

PresidentsPresidents

During the time around George During the time around George Washington, the presidents Washington, the presidents insisted that elite and educated insisted that elite and educated men should rule instead of the men should rule instead of the whole population.whole population.

The opinions of wealthy, land-The opinions of wealthy, land-owning men were valued much owning men were valued much more then the lower-class.more then the lower-class.

http://www.elcivics.com/george_washington_drawing.jpg

Stereotypes of the Stereotypes of the 2008 Democratic 2008 Democratic ElectionElection For the first time in the history of presidential For the first time in the history of presidential

elections, an African American and a female candidate elections, an African American and a female candidate have a legitimate chance of winning.have a legitimate chance of winning.

Hillary Clinton: By being the first female candidate, Hillary Clinton: By being the first female candidate, Clinton faces many gender stereotypes which it may Clinton faces many gender stereotypes which it may affect her campaign. Because there has been no affect her campaign. Because there has been no female president before, many think that the female president before, many think that the presidential position is only suited for men. presidential position is only suited for men.

Barack Obama: In order to be successful and win the Barack Obama: In order to be successful and win the democratic elections as an African American, Obama democratic elections as an African American, Obama has prevented from falling into the common black has prevented from falling into the common black stereotypes that most presidential candidates before stereotypes that most presidential candidates before him have experienced. Obama did not use his race as him have experienced. Obama did not use his race as a way to win votes because his target involves every a way to win votes because his target involves every race.race.

http://www.thestar.com/comment/article/428020http://www.thestar.com/comment/article/428020

Stereotypes on Stereotypes on Regional ClustersRegional Clusters Concentration of ethnicities in cities are always Concentration of ethnicities in cities are always

well divided. well divided. Sometimes ethnicities are divided due to job Sometimes ethnicities are divided due to job

occupations, wealth, and family.occupations, wealth, and family. The concentration of ethnicities are usually divided The concentration of ethnicities are usually divided

and clustered in different neighborhoods of a city.and clustered in different neighborhoods of a city. For example, cities like Chicago, Detroit, For example, cities like Chicago, Detroit,

Cleveland, and Los Angeles are very well Cleveland, and Los Angeles are very well separated because there are so many immigrants separated because there are so many immigrants in that area.in that area.

Human Geography book, pg 228-230Human Geography book, pg 228-230

The Psychology of The Psychology of General Stereotyping General Stereotyping

Stereotyping is generally when a certain characteristic is Stereotyping is generally when a certain characteristic is given to a whole group of people.given to a whole group of people.

Stereotypes are very rarely changed.Stereotypes are very rarely changed. 2 classifications of how stereotypes change (when they 2 classifications of how stereotypes change (when they

do):do): Bookkeeping model-adapting the existing stereotype to Bookkeeping model-adapting the existing stereotype to

“mold” into the new information. This can be applied to “mold” into the new information. This can be applied to the Civil Rights Movement. As blacks gradually gained the Civil Rights Movement. As blacks gradually gained more rights, most people kept their negative stereotypes more rights, most people kept their negative stereotypes about blacks, but just “added” the new information about about blacks, but just “added” the new information about blacks having more rights. blacks having more rights.

Conversion Model-Old stereotype is discredited and new Conversion Model-Old stereotype is discredited and new information takes the place of it. This can be applied to information takes the place of it. This can be applied to suffrage because when African-Americans and women suffrage because when African-Americans and women were granted the right to vote, the general old stereotype were granted the right to vote, the general old stereotype that these groups had no voice in government had to be that these groups had no voice in government had to be changed altogether so that the new stereotype is that changed altogether so that the new stereotype is that these individuals now do have a greater voice in these individuals now do have a greater voice in government.government.http://changingminds.org/explanations/theories/stereotypes.htm

Psychology of Psychology of Stereotyping: Can it be Stereotyping: Can it be good?good? Stereotypes are not always a negative thing.Stereotypes are not always a negative thing.

Classifications are necessary in order to know how to Classifications are necessary in order to know how to interact with individuals in society. Based on interact with individuals in society. Based on individuals’ backgrounds and culture, we can more individuals’ backgrounds and culture, we can more easily explain behavioral patterns of that individual.easily explain behavioral patterns of that individual.

Stereotypes become negative when individuals classify Stereotypes become negative when individuals classify other individuals or groups in an incorrect and hostile other individuals or groups in an incorrect and hostile way. Ex. Not giving women or African Americans way. Ex. Not giving women or African Americans suffrage because they were believed to be “inferior”. suffrage because they were believed to be “inferior”.

Education and media are two primary sources that Education and media are two primary sources that contribute to false stereotypes. People tend to believe contribute to false stereotypes. People tend to believe what they are taught. It is important that biases are not what they are taught. It is important that biases are not shown when teaching people about others.shown when teaching people about others.

http://www.beyondintractability.org/essay/stereotypes/

(Example of a negative stereotype: limitations on women’s suffrage)

http://www.mtholyoke.edu/~sbmclaug/suff.jpg

Works Cited: APA Works Cited: APA FormatFormat

Burgess, Heidi (October 23). Burgess, Heidi (October 23). Stereotypes/Characterization Stereotypes/Characterization FramesFrames. Retrieved May 28, . Retrieved May 28, 2008 from 2008 from http://www.beyondintractability.org/essay/stereotypes/

Danzer, G., (2003). Danzer, G., (2003). The AmericansThe Americans. Evanston: McDougal . Evanston: McDougal

Littell.Littell.

Lippmann, & Allport. Lippmann, & Allport. StereotypesStereotypes. Retrieved May 28, . Retrieved May 28, 2008 from 2008 from http://changingminds.org/explanations/theories/stereotypes .htm

ConclusionConclusion