PRESENTING. . .PRESENTING. . .

LITERATURE NOTESLITERATURE NOTES Literature is writings in Literature is writings in prose or verse, having prose or verse, having excellence of expression excellence of expression and expressing ideas of and expressing ideas of permanent or universal permanent or universal interest.interest.

PROSE-PROSE-

VERSE-VERSE-

The ordinary The ordinary language of man in language of man in writingwriting

PoetryPoetry

GENRE- GENRE- A distinct A distinct category category of literature of literature

1.1.ProseProse

2.2.PoetryPoetry

3.3.DramaDrama

ELEMENTS OF ELEMENTS OF PROSEPROSE

FICTION- FICTION- Literature that is made up Literature that is made up

(not true)(not true)

1. Novel-1. Novel-Longest form of fictionLongest form of fiction

2. Short Story-2. Short Story-Shortest form of fictionShortest form of fiction

Edgar Allan Poe 1809-1849Edgar Allan Poe 1809-1849Poe is known as the father of the modern Poe is known as the father of the modern

short story. There are five guidelines that short story. There are five guidelines that short stories should follow according to short stories should follow according to Poe’s example.Poe’s example.

1. Few characters (1-3)1. Few characters (1-3)

2. One setting2. One setting

3. No wasted material3. No wasted material

4. Strive for a single effect/idea4. Strive for a single effect/idea

5. One sitting (30-45 min.)5. One sitting (30-45 min.)

PLOT GRAPHPLOT GRAPH 3. Climax3. Climax

2. Rising Action2. Rising Action4. Falling Action4. Falling Action

1. Exposition1. Exposition 5. 5.

ResolutionResolution

PLOT GRAPHPLOT GRAPH1. Exposition-1. Exposition-

Setting, Characters, Conflict beginsSetting, Characters, Conflict begins2. Rising Action-2. Rising Action-

Conflicts develop and increaseConflicts develop and increase3. Climax-3. Climax-

High point of interest or High point of interest or suspensesuspense

4. Falling Action-4. Falling Action-End of central conflictEnd of central conflict

5. Resolution-5. Resolution-End of storyEnd of story

NONFICTIONNONFICTION Written about real people, places, and events.Written about real people, places, and events.

1. Biography-1. Biography-

Story of someone else’s lifeStory of someone else’s life

2. Autobiography-2. Autobiography-

Writer’s own life storyWriter’s own life story

3. Essay-3. Essay-

Short work about a particular Short work about a particular subjectsubject

Five Modes (types) of EssaysFive Modes (types) of Essays

1.1. Reflective-Shares writer’s inner thoughts Reflective-Shares writer’s inner thoughts and feelingsand feelings

2.2. Descriptive-Brings to life an event, Descriptive-Brings to life an event, person, or thingperson, or thing

3.3. Narrative-Tells a story about an actual Narrative-Tells a story about an actual eventevent

4.4. Expository-(Informative) Explains Expository-(Informative) Explains something about a subjectsomething about a subject

5.5. Persuasive-Convinces reader to think or Persuasive-Convinces reader to think or act in a certain wayact in a certain way

CHARACTERCHARACTER

A person, animal, or creature A person, animal, or creature in a storyin a story

1. Main Character (Protagonist)-Most 1. Main Character (Protagonist)-Most important characterimportant character

2. Minor Character- Necessary but lesser 2. Minor Character- Necessary but lesser role in the storyrole in the story

Characters may be…Characters may be…

FLAT- One-sided often stereotypicalFLAT- One-sided often stereotypical

ROUND- Fully developed with many ROUND- Fully developed with many traitstraits

DYNAMIC- Changes or growsDYNAMIC- Changes or grows

STATIC- Does not changeSTATIC- Does not change

SETTING-SETTING-Time and PlaceTime and Place

PLOT- PLOT- Main story line (what happens)Main story line (what happens)

CONFLICT-CONFLICT-Problem or struggle Problem or struggle

1. Internal1. Internal2. External (v. man, nature, god, 2. External (v. man, nature, god, society, society, etc.)etc.)

THEME- THEME- Central message, concern, or Central message, concern, or

purposepurpose

FORESHADOWING-FORESHADOWING-

Hints or clues of what will Hints or clues of what will occuroccur

FLASHBACK-FLASHBACK-

Going back in timeGoing back in time

IRONY-IRONY-

A twist or unexpected A twist or unexpected developmentdevelopment

POINT OF VIEWPOINT OF VIEW

The perspective or vantage point from The perspective or vantage point from which the story is toldwhich the story is told

1. First Person-1. First Person-(I) Narrator tells his/her own story(I) Narrator tells his/her own story

2. Limited Third Person-2. Limited Third Person-(he, she, it) Narrator observes the story(he, she, it) Narrator observes the story

3. Omniscient Third Person-3. Omniscient Third Person-Author enters the minds of all the Author enters the minds of all the

characterscharacters

SYMBOL-SYMBOL-

One thing representing anotherOne thing representing another

MOOD-MOOD-

Emotions the author wants the Emotions the author wants the reader reader to feelto feel

TONE-TONE-

Author’s attitude toward the Author’s attitude toward the subjectsubject

No more notes at this time.No more notes at this time.

ELEMENTS OF POETRY AND ELEMENTS OFELEMENTS OF POETRY AND ELEMENTS OF

DRAMA WILL BE DISCUSSED LATER.DRAMA WILL BE DISCUSSED LATER.

Get ready to read some great pieces of Get ready to read some great pieces of literature!literature!