PresentersMs. Kamala Gyawali

Mr. Ram Bahadur ChandMr. Krishna Prasad Khatiwada

A Presentation

OnGender Issues

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Topics to PresentTopics to Present

Women Issues

•Poverty, Economic, Employment, Education & Health Issues

•Violence against women, Women in armed conflict

•Women in decision making level and Institutional mechanism

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We will Discuss We will Discuss

• Relevance of Problem

• Key Gains

• Organization working for women

• Key Government and Non Government Initiations

• Acts, Regulations and Conventions

• Existing Gaps

• Issues and Challenges

• Recommendations4

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Relevance of Relevance of ProblemProblem

Where is the problem?

Everywhere

Not only in Mid west and far west development region

and slum areas of cities

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Relevance of Relevance of ProblemProblem

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Who are the victims?

specially women and girls

Relevance of Relevance of ProblemProblem

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What are the causes of the problems?

• Illiteracy

• Ignorance

• Lack of responsibility of government

• Lack of knowledge and skill

• Tricky I/Ngos Programs

• Political instability

• Lack of commitments of bureaucrats

Relevance of Relevance of ProblemProblem

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What are the causes of the problems?

• Tendency of dependency

• Weaknesses of law implementation

• Superstitions (religious, cultural and traditional)

• Caring Economy

• Patriarchal Decision making of society

• Practically, no ownership exercise of property mobilization and

utilization

Key GainsKey Gains

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• Equal rights of voting

• Co-education and especial provision of scholarship for girls

• Constitutional provision of 33% reservation at state

• Women rights as fundamental right

• Ratification of CEDAW

• Equal property rights

• Declaration of non violence year 2010

Organizations working for Organizations working for WomenWomen

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• Ministry of Women, Children and Social

Welfare,

• Department of Women Development,

• Women Development Offices (at 75

Districts)

• National Women's Commission

• Ministry of Health and Population,

• Department of Health Service

• National Planning commission

• Unicef

• ILO

• United Nations Funds for Women

Development (UNIFEM)

• Approximately ten thousand I/NGOs

working different parts of country

Key Government and Non Government Initiatives:

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• Economic and Social

• Health

• Armed conflict

• Decision Making

• Education

• Employment

• Violence Against Women

Key Government and Non Government Initiatives:

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Economic and Social

•Government of Nepal gives a 25

percent discount on land registration

fees for women.

•(35% land has been registered in the

name of women; Jhapa, dhanusha &

Gorkha; Manang) : - Kantipur 2066,

Jeth 23

Key Government and Non Government Initiatives:

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Economic and Social

•Government of Nepal with the

aforementioned special measures aims to

combat domestic violence and enhance

women’s economic status. The

Government of Nepal has adopted a

holistic approach to ensure women’s

sustainable real property rights via

education related measures whereby

women can fully enjoy their rights.

Key Government and Non Government Initiatives:

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Economic and Social

•Special attention has been given to

the women

•Progress in savings and credit

programs for the economic and social

empowerment of women is

encouraging.

•Government programs are targeted

for the welfare of suppressed,

extremely poor, landless dalit,

marginalized and madheshi women.

Key Government and Non Government Initiatives:

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Economic and Social

•Interim Constitution says “No one shall be

discriminated in any form merely for being a

women”

•The Chaupadi practice was challenged

through the case of Dil Bahadur

Bishwokarma v. HMG where the Supreme

Court on 1st May,2004 (2062-01-19 B.S.)

declared the practice as discriminatory

against women and a violation of women’s

human rights and also issued an

implementation guidelines to the

Government.

Key Government and Non Government Initiatives:

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Economic and Social

•Council of Ministers has already declared

Chaupadi as the worst form of social

practices.

•Ministry of Women, Child and Social

Welfare has developed a ‘zero tolerance

policy’ on violence against women.

Key Government and Non Government Initiatives:

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Health

•Due to the effectiveness of law and

consciousness of parents, people don't

get married in young age. That's why, the

problem facing by women by getting

married in early age is reducing. It also

proves that the decrease of death of

mother and child. It still need more people

to make conscious about it.

Key Government and Non Government Initiatives:

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Health

•The Ministry of Women, Child and

Social Welfare has been

implementing programs to empower

adolescent girls and advocate their

rights to education and health as well

as to end discriminations against the

girl child in all 75 districts.

Key Government and Non Government Initiatives:

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Health

•Article 20 of current constitution provides

that the constitutional guarantee is more

specific on women’s right to reproductive

health.

•Article 22 of current constitution provides the

rights to nourishment, basic health and social

security of children which is equally

applicable to girl child.

Key Government and Non Government Initiatives:

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Health

•To reduce the risks associated

with pregnancy and childbirth and

address the deferral, three major

strategies have been adopted in

Nepal. (24 hours emergency

obstetric care services, promoting

the use of skilled birth attendants at

every birth, promoting birth

preparedness and complications

readiness, particularly the

availability of blood, transport and

money)

Key Government and Non Government Initiatives:

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Health

•National Safe Motherhood Plan (2002-2017)

•The revised Safe Motherhood and National health

long term plan (2006-2017)

•The government has introduced a Comprehensive

Abortion Care (CAC)

•Maternity Incentive Scheme

Key Government and Non Government Initiatives:

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Armed Conflict

•Clause 7.6 of the Comprehensive Peace Accord

(CPA) incorporates the rights of women and

children whereby ‘both sides fully agree to provide

special protection to the rights of women and

children to immediately prohibit all types of violence

against women and children, including child labour,

as well as sexual exploitation and harassment, and

not include or use children who are below eighteen

years. Children so affected shall be rescued

immediately and necessary and appropriate

assistance shall be provided for their rehabilitation.’

Key Government and Non Government Initiatives:

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Armed Conflict

•Government of Nepal has adopted a plan of

action and other measures to ensure

participation in the process of conflict

resolution and peace building.

•Current status of women representation in the

Constituent assembly is 197, which can be

taken as significant achievement in the political

mainstreaming of women and their

involvement in peace building process.

Key Government and Non Government Initiatives:

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Armed Conflict

•Ministry of peace and reconstruction

and United nations development fund

for women (UNIFEM) are jointly

implementing a project entitled

“Capacity building Initiative for

Increased Women’s Participation in

Governance, Peace and Security”.

Key Government and Non Government Initiatives:

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Armed Conflict

•The Ministry of Peace and

Reconstruction has prepared a

concept paper to develop strategic

guidelines to ensure effective

protection mechanisms for women

and girls against all forms of

violence including sexual violence

and the meaningful participation of

women in peace process, including

in transitional and post conflict

period.

Key Government and Non Government Initiatives:

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Decision Making

•The interim constitution addresses the gender

issue in its preamble and guarantees and

inclusive and proportionate representations of

women in the restructuring of the state.

•All political parties should nominate 33 percent

of the candidates in Constituent Assembly

through both First Past the Post (FPTP) and

Proportional representation (PR) election

systems.

Key Government and Non Government Initiatives:

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Education

•Remarkable achievements have been made in

education in order to meet commitment towards

‘Education for All (EEA) by 2015’

•Reaffirming the Free and Compulsory

Education Plan of Action (2001-2015)

•Government has echoed “Basis of New Nepal,

Education as Universal Fundamental Right”

Key Government and Non Government Initiatives:

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Education

•The National Plan recognizes that “No girl

should be deprived of school education due

to her economic condition, caste/ethnic,

religious or linguistic background.

•Government of Nepal has developed

“Gender Responsive Budget”

Key Government and Non Government Initiatives:

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Employment

•Interim Constitution guarantees the fundamental

right to employment, including social security. Part

IV of the constitution also enshrines the state

obligation and state policies within the framework of

basic means of subsistence.

•Ratification of ILO convention 169 further ensures

the rights of indigenous ethnic groups where women

of such community will also be benefited.

Key Government and Non Government Initiatives:

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Employment

•Unifem is supporting the Government of

Nepal to advance the principle of

promoting safe migration and ensuring

rights of women migrant workers since

2002.

•Migration policy is being designed.

Key Government and Non Government Initiatives:

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Violence Against Women

•Ministry of Women, child and Social welfare

and Ministry of Local Development in

partnership with I/NGOs are conducting

various awareness programs, including

trainings for both men and women regarding

the elimination of all forms of discrimination,

exploitation and gender related violence

based on traditional cultural practices.

Key Government and Non Government Initiatives:

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Violence Against Women

•More girls are sent in government schools and

boys are in private boarding schools

•Constitution explicitly states “The principle of

inclusiveness shall be taken into consideration

while selecting the candidates by the political

parties.”

•The second amendment (August 2007) in the

Civil Service Act, 1993 (2049 B.S.) and changes

in the Civil Service Regulation, 1994 (2050 B.S.)

include special inclusive measures in the

recruitment process. (20% seats for women)

Key Government and Non Government Initiatives:

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Remarks

•Despite a lot of initiatives taken for the protection and promotion of

human rights of women, the rights of dalit women, women with

disabilities, ethnic minorities and the once infected with HIV/AIDS are

yet to be fully realized.

•The value of women’s role in decision making is yet to be fully realized.

Acts, Regulations & Conventions

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• Acts

• Human trafficking control act, 1986

• Domestic Violence (Control and Punishment) Act 2009

• Foreign Employment Act, 2007

• Regulations

• Human trafficking and Transportation (Control) Regulation, enacted

in Nov 2008

• Conventions

• Convention on the Elimination of all forms of Discrimination Against

women 1979

• Convention on the Suppression of Immoral Trafficking and Protocol,

1949;

• Convention on the Right of the Child etc. including SAARC regional

convention

Existing Gaps

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• Not to be equal status of women with men

(economically, socially, politically and culturally)

• Value system of male and female

• Not to be effective implementation of laws, policies,

plans and programs

• Lack of empowerment

Issues & Challenges

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Women Trafficking

•Protecting human rights of women

•Women trafficking

•Discriminatory Cultural Practices

•Participation of women in decision level of peace process

•Gender approach in peace (shanti sthapana ma laingik dristikon)

•Insufficient political commitment

•Weak Institutional capabilities of delivery and regulatory

mechanism

•Lack of awareness of Information Technology

•Internal Trafficking

Issues & Challenges

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Education

•Early marriages and the social obligation of

marriage and the expectation of bearing

children are major impediments to women’s

advancement in education and career jobs.

•School Drop out

•Low number of female teachers

Issues & Challenges

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Employment

•Right to equality in employment

•Use of women labour in income generating activities

•Reproductive role of women is often found not being

acknowledged with necessary measures at the

employment sectors

Issues & Challenges

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Health

•Poverty

•Matternal Health

•Family Planning

•HIV/AIDS

•Early marriages

•Fertility

•Giving birth before reaching the age of 18

•Breastfeeding and Nutrition

Issues & Challenges

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Economic and Social

•Armed conflict and displacement

•Opportunities have been lost

•Cross border human trafficking

•Labour exploitation

Issues & Challenges

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Economic and Social

•Armed conflict and displacement

•Opportunities have been lost

•Cross border human trafficking

•Labour exploitation

Recommendation

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• We should educate the women by formal and non-formal

education and implement effectively the Policies, laws,

plans and programs.

• We should give equal opportunity and access as well as

participations at governmental and non-governmental

sectors and Institutions.

• Equal Property Rights should be given, empower the

women and recognize the works value of caring economy

• State and Civil society both should take the responsibility

• To make powerful to the women at least respecting the

human rights and Human laws.

• Develop indicator based monitoring strategies

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