presented to the 5th mid-atlantic regional planning roundtable friday, november 7, 2008

NASTO Air Quality Committee 1

Regional Responses to Air Quality and Climate Change:

The Northeast Association of State Transportation Officials (NASTO) Perspective

Presented to the 5th Mid-Atlantic Regional Planning Roundtable

Friday, November 7, 2008

Philadelphia, Pennsylvania

Michael BakerChairman, NASTO Air Quality CommitteePennsylvania Department of [email protected]


Presentation Outline

1. NASTO

2. National Issues

3. Regional Issues

4. State Examples

5. Summary


Who / What is NASTO???Members:

– Connecticut– Delaware– District of Columbia– Maine– Maryland– Massachusetts– New Hampshire– New Jersey– New York– Ontario– Pennsylvania– Quebec– Rhode Island– Vermont


NASTO Mission

• Advancement of transportation policies and practices beneficial to the Northeast Region of the U.S. and the Eastern Provinces of Canada.

• Focal point for discussion and research on transportation issues of interest to members.

• Strong emphasis on promoting cooperation and partnership.


National Issues• Greenhouse Gases (CO2 and others): global warming,

causing climate change. – Primarily from fossil fuel consumption.

• GHG emissions are increasing– Partic. electricity & transportation.

• 3 Areas of Concern: – Mitigation (reduce GHG emissions &future impacts)– Adaptation (accommodate likely impacts)– Science and Research

• Total overall GHG reductions needed from 1990 Base to contain CC:– ~ 10 - 20% by 2020 – ~ 60 - 80% by 2050


Climate Change Impacts

• Rising Sea Levels – Threaten cities, infrastructure, agriculture, habitat.

• Weather Events - More often & frequent– Flooding & other natural disasters– Loss of homes, businesses, infrastructure, land. – Significant retrofit effort.

• Temperature Increases / Weather Changes– Agriculture, forestry, species threatened. – Infrastructure threats & operational costs due to heat.


GHG Emissions Projections

0

20

40

60

80

100

120

1990 1995 2000 2005 2010 2015 2020

MM

tCO

2e

Electricity (Consumption Based) Fossil Fuel Industry RCI Fuel Use

Onroad Gasoline Use Onroad Diesel Use Jet Fuel/Other Transportation

Agriculture ODS Substitutes Other Ind. Process

Waste Management

Gasoline Vehicles

Electricity

Source: US EPA, 2008

Other Fuels


Transportation GHG Emissions

• Transportation accounts for:– 28% of GHG equivalents; 33% of CO2

– Highway vehicles - 78% of transportation GHG emissions.

Source: 2004 U.S. Sector Emissions of CO2Energy Information Agency, Annual Energy Outlook 2005


Nationwide CO2 Trend

0.50

0.75

1.00

1.25

1.50

1.75

2.00

2.25

1980 1990 2000 2010 2020 2030

Year

1990

= 1

.00

VM T

M iles Per Vehicle

CO 2

Gallons Per M ile

# of Vehicles

1990-2020 CO2 Growth39%

Sources: FHWA, AEO 08, Michael Baker Jr., Inc.

Highway Vehicle CO2 Growth TrendIncludes 2007 Energy Independence & Security Act


Regional Initiatives

• Activity to date by states and cities

850 Cities - Mayor’s Climate Plan

Plus: Many MPOs


Selected NASTO Member Examples


Delaware

• Situation– Tidal coastline of 381 miles: 357 miles on the

Delaware Bay. – Since 1900

• Sea level rose 12 inches in the 1900s, Forecast another 23 inches by 2100.

• Avg. temperature up 1.9º F Precipitation up 10%

• Impacts– Flooding: Emergency Evacuation Routes, local roads – Travel disruptions – Higher levels of ground level ozone and other

photochemical pollutants – Increase in roadway incidents due to storms.


DE Climate Action Plan

• Initiated 1998 via Climate Change Consortium.

• DE Energy Office w/ US EPA, Univ. of DE.• Base year and future year forecasts.

– Unchecked, DE CO2 emissions would increase 22% from 1988 to 2010 (to 20 MMT).

• Adopted a GHG reduction target.– 7% below the 1990 base year by 2010 (23%

reduction by 2010)


Effects of Sea Level Rise on Land Area

By 2100 if GHG unchecked: • Loss of red and orange

areas. – Impact land use, coastal

roadway network.

• Increased salinity in Delaware Bay – salt water intrusion – Paved surfaces – roadway

failures.– Agricultural losses.– Water supply issues.


Effects of Sea Level Riseon Land Area (cont’d)

• Three main evacuation routes partially or completely submerged by 100 year flood events.– Improve infrastructure. – Add/modify evacuation

routes & plans. • Increased frequency and

duration of storms– Increased likelihood of

coastal flooding events.– More accidents/incidents.– Retrofit drainage system.


DelDOT Plans

• Inventory flood-prone bridges &roadways.– Develop action plan for necessary improvements.

• Infrastructure Sensors – Monitor physical condition & shifts in climate.

• Rethink Transportation Design Standards– Increase drainage capacity for projects.– Develop heat resistant materials / standards for

bridges and roadways.

• Land Use / Transportation– Avoid vulnerable locations.


District of Columbia

Through Metro Washington Council of Gov’ts.Regional Climate Change Steering Cmte (April 2007)

• Regional GHG Inventory• ID Best Practices & Policies• Examine Impacts• Recommend GHG Reduction Goals• Recommend Governance Structures for CC• Propose Advocacy Positions • Public Comment in Process for Draft Report (July

2008)



• MWCOG Draft Report Recommendations– GHG Reduction Goals

• 10% below BAU by 2010• 20% below 2005 by 2020• 80% below 2005 by 2050

– Transportation Measures Recommended• Reduce VMT • Smart Growth• Alternative fuels • Tree Canopy• Fuel Efficiency • Comprehensive Planning• Finance • Outreach



• Petition to join Regional Greenhouse Gas Initiative (RGGI)

• Clean Cars Act of 2008 (dep. on EPA waiver to CA)

• Green Building Act of 2006– LEED Silver for city projects > 10,000 SF– ’09 - ‘11: Green Building Checklist for private

commercial projects > 50,000 SF – ‘12: LEED Silver standard for private

commercial projects > 50,000 SF



• Green Jobs Program– Leverage “green” job training, job placement

& contract opportunities

• Clean & Affordable Energy Act of 2008– Sustainable / Renewable Energy Sources -

20% by 2020– Energy Efficiency & Retrofits– “Green Collar” Workforce Development


D.C. Ongoing Efforts

• D.C. Green Agenda– Joined Climate Registry (June 2006)– Joined Mayor’s Climate Protection

Agreement, US Conference of Mayors (Jan 2007)

– GHG inventory – 2005 base year• Establishing baseline for reductions with ICLEI

– Energy Audits of all facilities in progress– Green Roofs– Tree Planting Program


Maryland• MD Climate Change Commission

(convened 2008) • Long term effort w/ annual reports. • Recommend goals, actions,

timetable actions to Governor, Legislature

• Major MD concerns:– Rise of coastal waters– Loss of aquatic life (impacts to

oysters, rockfish and the bay ecosystem)

– Potential for extreme weather conditions

– Subtropical Chesapeake Bay– More ……..


• 4,360 miles of tidal shoreline.

• Avg. temperature in College Park increased 2.4° since 1900.

• Chesapeake Bay Sea level up 1 foot in 100 yrs.

• 13 islands already lost.

• Sea level projected to rise additional 2 – 3 feet by 2100.

Maryland


Current MDOT Measures with GHG Reductions

• MD Clean Car (dep. on EPA waiver to CA)

• On-Going VMT Reduction Strategies:-- Park and Ride -- GRH-- Transit Expansion -- Ridesharing-- Telecommuting -- Bike/Ped Projects

• On-Going Emission Reduction Strategies (Non-VMT Based):-- Idling reductions -- Bio-diesel-- ITS -- Tree Planting-- Clean Diesel Locomotives -- Hybrid Buses -- Truck Stop Electrification (TSE)


Transportation / Land Use Policy Options

• VMT Reduction Measures– Land Use and Location Efficiency (Including VMT

Reduction Goals)– Transit– Intercity Travel: Aviation, Rail, Bus– Pay-as-you-drive Insurance– Bike / Ped Infrastructure– Pricing Measures (Including Carbon Fuel Tax)– Evaluate GHG Impacts of Projects

• Reduce Carbon per Unit of Fuel– Low GHG Fuel Standard (not recommended for

immediate implementation)

• Reduce Carbon per Mile and/or per Hour– Vehicle Technologies


• Consideration expected in 2008 Legislative Session– Goals– Measures– Timeframes

• Commission Annual Report each November.

2012 10%

2015 15%

2020 25% - 50%

2050 90%

Preliminary Total Reduction Goals(below 2006 emissions)


New Jersey

Global Warming Response Act Signed by Governor Jon S. Corzine on July 6, 2007.

Targets:• 1990 levels by 2020.• 80% below 2006 levels by 2050.

NJDEP lead on GHG Plan• NJDOT and Other departments collaborating.• Plan under development.


NJ Potential Transport Strategies

Vehicle Efficiency• LEV Vehicle Program (dep. on EPA waiver to CA)

• Incentives for Purchase/Use of Highly Efficient Vehicles.

• “Green” the State-Owned Fleet.

• Diesel Idling Infrastructure Alternatives.

• Encourage Efficient Trucks.



Carbon Intensity of Fuels

• Low Carbon Fuel Standard.

• Promote Residential Equipment to Facilitate and Support the Non-Liquid Transport Fuels.– CNG– Electric



VMT Reduction Targets

• VMT Target: Annual VMT Growth < 1 %

• “Green VMT” Target:– 50 percent of the overall NJ VMT by “green

vehicles*” by 2020.– Green Vehicles: CA GHG score 9 or better

(≤ 239 grams/mile CO2 e)



Additional Transportation Strategies• Maintain Existing Transit, Expand Capacity.• Traffic Management • “Green Corridors” Pilot Study• Strengthen, expand Commuter Option Programs• Invest in freight rail infrastructure

– Implement “Rail Shuttle” Projects

Shift some freight movements from trucks to rail.


New Jersey

Challenges and Issues• VMT

– How meet proposed goal ?• Metrics

– Develop effective method to measure “Carbon Footprint” of transportation activities ?

• Decision Making – Weigh GHG vs. other issues (system preservation,

safety, congestion relief, etc.) in project selection ?• Financing

– How incorporate green incentives and long-term stability ?


New York State

• General Approach– Think Globally, Act Locally – Consider Vehicle Technology, Fuels, VMT– States have greatest opportunity to affect

GHG via VMT / Demand Issues – Support Vehicle Technology & Fuel

Improvements– Cumulative Effect of Small Actions.


New York State

Already doing many of these

Should do more Quantify

improvements Institutionalize

energy/climate change awareness

Mass transit Emissions reporting Traffic signals Freight management Managed lanes Smart growth/land use Idle reduction Commuter Choice Air quality education Alternative fuels Research


New York State

NY only state to Report Energy and GHG emissions for adoption of TIPs and Long Range Plans

Results to Date: ~ 11% improvement v. business- as-usual.

Examines GHG and Energy in Project Alternative Selection

Modeling Improvements Needed.


New York State

NYSDOT Climate Change/Energy Efficiency TeamGoals:

Reduce energy costs for public Promote energy efficient programs & projects Reduce NYSDOT’s carbon footprint

5 Workgroups ~ 70 people1. Transp. Partners2. NYSDOT Vehicles3. Fuel4. Adaptation5. Outreach


New York State

Workgroup Recommendations (June ’08) Compressed work week: NYSDOT employees NYS version of Gulf Coast Study TIP direction to include GHG, CC, energy Involvement with RGGI Collaboration with other agencies:

NYSDEC, NYSERDA, FHWA, more


New York State

GHG goal: 10% reduction in 10 years Integration with:

Governors Renewable Fuels Task Force NYSDEC (lead state agency) State Energy Plan & Governor’s Exec. Order


Pennsylvania

• Energy Independence Strategy (2007) – Renewable Fuels initiative ($650 million)

• Climate Change Advisory Committee – Senate Bill 266 of 2007.

• Ongoing Energy Efforts.


Pennsylvania

• Initiatives In Place: – Climate Change Advisory Committee

• Action plan due Oct 2009 and triennially thereafter• Include scientific predictions, impacts, economic

opportunities, mitigation measures

– PA Clean Car (pend. EPA waiver to CA) – HDDV Anti-Idling Regulation– State Biofuels Plan (SB 22)

• Targets for Biodiesel, Cellulostic Ethanol

> U.S. Energy Independence & Security Act ‘07

– Local Gov’t Pilot Grants


Pennsylvania

• PennDOT Ongoing Activities– Transit Operations, Capital Support– Alt. Fuels for Transit Vehicles– TMA Program – Encourage Demand Mgm’t. – CMAQ-funded Projects

• Alt. fuels, vehicle technology, congestion mitigation, transit services & vehicles, TDM.

– Rideshare / Carpool Programs– Smart Transportation / Growth– Traffic Signal Prioritization


Special Thanks

Contributors:

Mark Glaze, DelDOTHoward Simons, MDOTMark Rawlings, DDOTAndy Swords, NJDOTJohn Zamurs, NYSDOT

Bob Kaiser, Michael Baker Jr., Inc.


Questions?

Michael Baker

Chairman, NASTO Air Quality CommitteePennsylvania Department of Transportation

[email protected]

presented to the 5th mid-atlantic regional planning roundtable friday, november 7, 2008

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