presented to nict program on e-library course
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PRESENTED TO NICT PROGRAM ON E-LIBRARY COURSE. JAKARTA, 26 MARCH 2013. SUBJECTS TO TALK ABOUT INFORMATION SYSTEM. Pendahuluan Information System Main System Components Steps in Data Conversion into Information Characteristics of Information The Nature of Information - PowerPoint PPT PresentationTRANSCRIPT
PRESENTED TO NICT PROGRAM ON E-LIBRARY COURSE
JAKARTA, 26 MARCH 2013
SUBJECTS TO TALK ABOUT INFORMATION SYSTEM
1. Pendahuluan2. Information System3. Main System Components4. Steps in Data Conversion into Information5. Characteristics of Information6. The Nature of Information7. Types of Information Systems8. Information System Strategic Planning9. The Right Fit between IT and IS10. The Three Domains: IS, IT and IM
Manusia Bergantung pada alam
Abad 18
10 X
Th 1945
1000 X
Waktu
Gelombang 0Teknologi Belum
Berkembang
RevolusiPertanian
Gel 1Teknologi
Cocok tanam
RevolusiIndustri
Gel 2Tek
MesinTenaga
RevolusiInformasi
Gel 3Tek
Mesin Cerdas(Komputer)
Empat Gelombang Perkembanagn Teknologi ( Futurolog-Alvin Toflfer )
T e k n o l o g i
4
Pemanfaatan TIK
Dunia KesehatanDunia PerbankanDunia BisnisDunia Media Massa dan InformasiDunia Administrasi PerkantoranDunia Pendidikan
5
With a ubiquitous terminal,it is possible to watch
cartoons anytime, anywhere.
With a ubiquitous terminal,it is possible to watch
cartoons anytime, anywhere.
While watching a cartoon… Oh!A message from
Grandpa!
I want to go to the aquarium!
OK, I will pay the fee so why don’ t you enjoy the virtual aquarium?
Wow! The shark just got bigger! It is like I am actually in the sea.
What do you want for your birthday?
Screen adapts to the soundsin the large-screenvirtual aquarium.
Screen adapts to the soundsin the large-screen
virtual aquarium.
When it is ready I will try distributing on the web. If the response is good I will actually perform it later.
I will send a script I just amended here.
I am going to actually perform the choreography that I have worked out, so take a look.
Image of costumes for the △ △ role are ready so take a look.
The main theme song is finally ready. What do you think?
In charge ofchoreography
In charge ofmusic
In charge of script
In charge ofclothing
Collaboration on a multi-screenCollaboration on a multi-screen
Send choreography as solid imagesSend choreography as solid images
Anybody can create(musical creation with Net friends)
Anybody can create(musical creation with Net friends)
Food ready 10 minutesafter coming out of
the bath.A hot bath ready 5
minutes after returninghome.
Cleaning completeby return time.
Supports ideal lifestylebased around return time.Supports ideal lifestyle
based around return time.
Checks on state of herchildren. Check contact
items via e-mail.
Checks on state of herchildren. Check contact
items via e-mail.
NoticeTomorrow is theexcursion so we will meet at 8:30.Please make sure
to bring a lunch box.
In charge ○○
They are playing happily. I need to prepare a lunch box tomorrow so I must go shopping on the way home.
Case of grandfather and grandson
Cross the pedestriancrossing 5m ahead to the right.
There is a bicycle 2m ahead.Take care.
Guides to registereddestination with simple
operations
Guides to registereddestination with simple
operations
I must slow down and pay attention.
Encourage the driver topay attention and
contribute to preventionof accidents
Encourage the driver topay attention and
contribute to preventionof accidents
A pedestrian is trying to cross the crossing.
The sensor detectsand notifies
concerning obstacles
The sensor detectsand notifies
concerning obstacles
Case of the handicapped
Case of independent creator
ICT penetrates into every area of life.
Case of working parents
Concrete Usage Scenes of Ubiquitous Technology (Life)
6
Concrete Usage Scenes of Ubiquitous Technology (Industry)
ICT penetrates into all areas of industry
Efficiency in production management processes within corporations
Example of supply-chain management for apparel company(management of orders, stock and distribution)
Advanced knowledge management within corporations Penetration of ICT use into all areas of industry
Realize flexible collaboration between corporations
位置情報管理
タグ
タグリーダー
NW 媒体情報DB
サーバー 管理部門
書類 B 書類 B
移動検知コピー禁止書類です
セキュリティ管理
持出し禁止書類です!
Example of system of document management within a company(confirm location of documents, security management)
NW
医師
薬品保管室
タグ
タグ
タグ
タグ
タグ 患者の取り違えチェック 投薬の量チェック投薬の種類チェック
取り違えている場合アラーム 量が違う場合アラーム 薬が違う場合アラーム
医療DB
チェック
チェック
チェック
薬の処方の指示
NW
医師
薬品保管室
タグ
タグ
タグ
タグ
タグ 患者の取り違えチェック 投薬の量チェック投薬の種類チェック
取り違えている場合アラーム 量が違う場合アラーム 薬が違う場合アラーム
医療DB
チェック
チェック
チェック
薬の処方の指示
Example of system to support appropriate provision and application of medicine at hospitals etc.
NWTheater
Restaurant
Hotel
Car rental
Travel agency
AirlineAgent Robot
Management Server
Position information management
Document B
Document B
Security management
Documents not to be copied
Tags
Tag reader
Server
Media information DB
Management department
Direction on taking medicine
Check it is correct patient Check amount of medicine given
Medicine storage room
Check
Check
Check
Tag Tag
Tag
Send alarm if incorrect Send alarm if amount incorrect Send alarm if incorrect
Check type of medicine given
Detection of relocations
Documents not to be taken
out
Example of system that links various companies together to meet travel-related needs and provides a system for processing.
Doctor
Medical DB
・流通履歴・在庫情報
((( ((())) ))) ((( (((
))) )))((( ((())) )))
Weaving factory Apparel distribution center Retailer
- distribution history- stock information
Reference: product codeColorSize etc.
Reference: product codeColorSize etc.
Reference: product codeColorSizeCloth, materials etc.
Reading via electronic tag reader
Reading via electronic tag reader
Reading via electronic tag reader
Electronic tags Electronic tags
Shipping inspection
Inspections of incoming/outgoing
shipments, stocktaking
Inspections of incoming
shipments, stocktaking
(((((())))))
Search
MediaInformation Comm.
Shopping
Entertainment
Internet is Platform
education
Bisnis, Education, Produk, Community, Virtual Network
Radio 2.0
8
Information System• A system that creates, processes, stores, and generates
information to help individuals make meaningful decisions.
9
Field of Information Systems• The study of information and its effect on the individual, the
organization, and society at large.
10
IS and IT• An Information System is a collection of components that
work together to provide information to help in the operations and management of an organization.
• Information Technology is the integration of computers, communications equipment, and other technology used in information systems.
11
Five Main System Components• Input
– Machines, manpower, raw materials, money, time• Process
– Policies, procedures, and operations that convert data into information• Output
– Information in the right format, conveyed at the right time and place to the right person
• Feedback– Data about the performance of the system
• Control– Processing the feedback and taking the necessary action, such as
modifying the processes, input, or output
Gambar Interaksi Komponen Sistem Informasi
M O D E L
SOFTWARE
HARDWARE
BASIS DATA KONTROL
OUTPUT
I N P UT
ORANG PROSEDUR
JARKON DAN KOMDAT
BASIS DATA
PERANGKAT
LUNAK
PE PERANGKAT
KERAS
P
HUBUNGAN ELEMEN SISTEM INFORMASI
ELEMEN SITEM INFORMASI
14
Seven Steps in Data Conversion into Information
• Collection• Classification• Sorting,adding, merging• Summarizing• Storing • Retrieval• Dissemination
15
Characteristics of Information
Characteristic Description
Subjective value The value of information differs from individual to individual.
Information should be pertinent to the decision maker.
Decision makers should receive the information at the right time.
Information should be free of errors.
Information should be presented so that it can be readily used in decision making.
The decision maker should have all necessary information to make a good decision.
Information should be readily available to those who need it.
Relevance
Timeliness
Accuracy
Meaningful format
Completeness
Accessibility
16
Unstructured Structured HighlyStructured
Unconstrained Constrained HighlyConstrained
Future Future andHistorical Historical
LongYears
Medium,Weeks/Months
Short,Days/Hours
Infrequent Frequent VeryFrequent
External Internal andExternal Internal
TOPMANAGER
LOWERMANAGER
MIDDLEMANAGER
InformationSources
Frequencyof use
TimeScale
TimeHorizon
Scope
Nature ofDecision
The Nature of Information
17
4 Types of Information Systems• Personal, Work-Group, Enterprise-Wide Systems
– Sometimes information systems are grouped into categories based on the number of individuals who use them: personal systems (one user), work-group systems (a group of users), or enterprise-wide systems (the entire organization).
• Systems Based on Type of Decision
– Decisions can be classified as operational, tactical, and strategic.• Strategic Information Systems
– Information systems that give a company a significant strategic advantage over its market competitors. These can be transaction processing systems, management information systems, decision support systems, or any combination of these systems.
• Function-Oriented Information Systems
– Systems classified according to their business function: marketing information systems, manufacturing information systems, financial information systems, etc.
18
IS Types used for Decision Making• Systems that support operational, tactical, and strategic decision are broadly
classified into the following categories:
– Transaction processing systems (TPS)– Management information systems (MIS)– Intelligent support systems (ISS), which include decision
support systems (DSS), executive information systems (EIS), and expert systems (ES)
• Intelligent support systems (ISS) refer to a group of systems that support decisions requiring the use of knowledge, intuition, experience, and expertise
– Decision support systems (DSS)– Executive information systems (EIS)– Artificial intelligence (AI) and expert systems (ES)
19
Functional Based Information System
• Information systems can also be classified according to function in these four areas:– Marketing– Manufacturing and service– Accounting and finance– Human resources
20
Why Information ?
Business Facts
Data
Information
Knowledge
Intelligence
+ procedure
+ context
+ experience
+ wisdom
INTELLIGENT MANAGER
21
The CBIS ModelComputer-based
Information System(CBIS)
Accounting Information System
ManagementInformation System
Decision SupportSystems
The VirtualOffice
Knowledge-based Systems
Decisions
Problem
Information
ProblemSolution
22
THREE DOMAINSInformation System
RequirementsInformation Technology Supply
Information Management Strategy
STRATEGIC PLANNINGList of Scenarios
Risk ManagementCost/Benefit Analysis
Technical DesignProject Management
Priorities Level and ScheduleImplementation Plan
Human Resource Skills and Competencies Requirements
Change Management
INTERNALCorporate History
Business PlanExisting Information TechnologyConstraints and Opportunities
Strength and WeaknessApproach and Methodology
EXTERNALIndustry Trend
Information Technology Development
Competitor AnalysisBenchmarkingBest Practice
SH
AR
E H O L D ER
S
N
E
TW
OR
K & P AR
TN
E
R
S
BUSINESSPROCESS
PROCEDURES
STANDARDPEOPLE
CULTURE
POLICIES
LEGALASPECT
TECHNOLOGYINFRASTRUCTURE
COMPANYASSETS
FINANCIALRESOURCES
ORGANIZATIONSTRUCTURE
COMPANYGEOGRAPHICAL
TOPOLOGY
BLUE PRINTINPUT
VALUE
VISIONMISSION
CSFsKPIs
STRATEGY
Ideology, Political Agenda, Economic Environment, Social and Culture, International Relationship, National
Defense, Religion, Behaviors,
Macro Environment
ANALYSIS PROCESS
Information System Strategic Planning
23
The Right Fit between IT and IS• IS managers ensure a fit between information systems and
technologies through computer architecture– Computer architecture is the major components needed to build
a system and an analysis of how the components fit together• Information technologies help build the information
infrastructure– The infrastructure are the physical components required to
implement the architecture, such as wiring, cables, software, etc.
24
ITs that Build Information System
•Hardware•Software•Databases•Networks•Other related components
INFORMATION TECHNOLOGIES
INFORMATIONSYSTEMS
Customer ServiceSystem
Marketing System
Inventory System
Payroll System
25
Role of Information Technology
Business Facts
Data
Information
Knowledge
Intelligence
+ procedure
+ context
+ experience
+ wisdom
INTELLIGENT MANAGER
EXECUTIVES
LINE MANAGER
SUPERVISOR
STAFF1. H
elp
Crea
ting
the
Inte
llige
nce
2. H
elp
Empo
wer
ing
the
Peop
le
26
CEO
CIOControl and
Quality Assurance
INFORMATIONSYSTEM
Others
OrganizationAnalysis
BusinessIntelligence
CompanySupports
INFORMATIONTECHNOLOGY
Others
Tools andSupports
ApplicationDevelopment
TechnologyInfrastructure
INFORMATIONMANAGEMENT
Others
Training andDevelopment
Outsourcing
Supports andServices
INFORMATIONTECHNOLOGY
COUNCIL
Internal IT Organization Structure
27
DATABASE DATABASE DATABASE DATABASE
DATAWAREHOUSE
TRANSACTIONALINFORMATION SYSTEM
MANAGEMENTINFORMATION SYSTEM
DECISIONSUPPORT SYSTEM
EXECUTIVEINFORMATION
SYSTEM
TRANSACTION TRANSACTION TRANSACTION TRANSACTION
QueryingSystem
ReportingSystem
ConsolidationSystem
TransactionSystem
•Users•Customer Services
•Chief Executive Officer•CIO, COO, CFO, CTO•Senior Executives
•Line Managers•Junior Managers
•Supervisors•Assistants
Management Information System
28
MIS Applications PortfolioStakeholders
Managem
ent ControlFinance – Accounting - Auditing
Empl
oyee
s
Adm
inist
rativ
e Co
ntro
lHR
MS
– O
RMS
- Pur
chas
ing
Customers, Resellers
Selling Chain Management
Customer Relationship ManagementMarketing – Sales – Customer Service
Business PartnersSuppliers, Distributors, Resellers
Supply Chain Management
Enterprise Resource PlanningLogistics – Production - Distribution
KnowledgeTone
Applications
EnterpriseApplicationIntegration
Internet
Indrajit (2000: 29) mengemukakan bahwa tiga hal pokok yang perlu dipahami secara menyeluruh apa yang harus diperhatikan dan dipertimbangkan untuk menghasilkan sebuah sistem informasi terintegrasi yang baik adalah:
1. Sistem informasi, merupakan definisi secara jelas dan terperinci sehubungan dengan jenis-jenis informasi apa saja yang dibutuhkan oleh perusahaan (dalam hal ini perpustakaan) dan hal-hal yang berkaitan dengan (kecepatan proses pengolahan data menjadi informasi, tingkatan detail informasi, cara penampilan informasi, volume dan transaksi informasi, penanggung jawab informasi, dsb.)
2. Teknologi informasi, meliputi komponen-komponen perangkat keras (komputer, infrastruktur, alat komunikasi, dan lain-lain) dan perangkat lunak (aplikasi, sistem operasi, database, dan lain-lain) yang harus tersedia untuk menghasilkan sistem informasi yang telah didefinisikan.
3. Manajemen informasi, menyangkut perangkat manusia (brainware) yang akan menginplementasikan sistem informasi yang dibangun dan mengembangkan teknologi informasi sejalan dengan perkembangan perusahan di masa mendatang.
Berikut ini akan diberikan beberapa contoh nyata pemanfaatan perspektif strategi sistem informasi yang sejalan dengan visi sebuah organisasi. 1. Strategi Sistem Informasi Perguruan Tinggi Sebagai contoh, Dengan adanya paradigma baru, sudah selayaknya bagi universitas menyediakan perpustakaan terintegrasi yang memberikan keleluasaan bagi para mahasiswa untuk menggali potensi dirinya. Salah satu contoh peran perpustakaan terintegrasi dalam pendidikan jarak jauh (distance-learning), karena ia menggantikan peran dan fungsi pendidikan sebagaimana dalam pendidikan tatap muka. Perkembangan mutakhir dalam bidang information communication technology (ICT) memberikan peluang bagi perpustakaan perguruan tinggi untuk memenuhi kebutuhan mahasiswa yang beragam
INFORMATION SYSTEM
INFORMATION TECHNOLOGY
COMPUTER
HARDWARE SOFTWARE
OrganizationManagement
Human Resources
Processes
People and Culture
Standards and Procedures
Rules and Policy
Cost andInvestment
StrategicBusiness
Plan
MacroEnvironment
Outsourcing
Research andDevelopment Products and Services
Market andCustomers
PC Desktop Operating System
InternetIntranet
Extranet
Database
Applications
Notebook and Palmtop
Programming Languages
Printer
Modem MultimediaWorkgroupComputing
Data Mining
Decision SupportSystem
Digital NervousSystemISDN, VSAT
Infrastructure
ElectronicCommerce
ElectronicData
Interchange
32
INFORMATION SYSTEM- DEMAND SITE -
INFORMATION TECHNOLOGY- SUPPLY SITE -
INFORMATION MANAGEMENT
Institutions
Community
Non Profit Organization
Business EntitiesPublic Sectors
R&D Centers
Corporations
Computer ManufacturersSoftware Houses
Universities Silicon Valley
Information Management
33
The Three Domains: IS, IT and IM
IS StrategyDivision/function based
Demand orientedBusiness focused
IT StrategyActivity based
Supply orientedTechnology focused
IM StrategyOrganisation based
Relationship orientedManagement focused
Delivery
Applications
Management
What ?
How ?
Wherefore ?
34
Three Parts of MIS Development Stage
PART ONE
InformationSystem
Requirements
PART TWO
InformationTechnology
Specification
PART THREE
InformationManagemnet
Strategy
35
The Main Principles
What kind of information does the organization need to support its daily activities and what kind of information characteristics/ properties (any related issue w.r.t. the process of information creation and distribution) required by the organization ?
PART ONE
InformationSystem
Requirements
PART TWO
InformationTechnology
Specification
PART THREE
InformationManagemnet
Strategy
What kind of appropriate technology specification required by the organization to answer its information system requirements defined previously by the organization w.r.t. its information characteristics and/or properties ?
What kind of management strategy does the organization should adapt in order to guarantee the successful development and deployment of the informationt technology projects within the organization ?
The Demand The Supply The Plan
36
The Main Stages and PhasesSTAGE I
InformationSystem
Requirements
STAGE II
InformationTechnology
Specification
STAGE III
InformationManagemnet
Strategy
PHASE AOrganization Strategic PlanAssessment and Analysis
PHASE BOrganization Business
Process Mapping
PHASE CRequired Data and Information
Characteristics/Properties Mapping
PHASE DIT Related Activities Value
Proposition and Capability Analysis
PHASE EStrategic Priorities Analysis
PHASE FIT System-Business Process
Analysis and Mapping
PHASE GIT Conceptual ArchitectureFramework Development
PHASE HApplication and Database Modules
And Standard Specification
PHASE IIT Hardware, Network, and
Infrastructure Standard Specification
PHASE JUser Management and IT Quality
Assurance Determination
PHASE KTaks Force Appointment and
Responsibilities Determination
PHASE LProjects Portfolio Mapping
and Schedule Development
PHASE MGeneral IT Project ManagementDevelopment and Deployment
PHASE NIT Governance Structure and
HR Competencies/Skills Determination
PHASE OIT Masterplan Revision and
Future Development Strategy
THANK YOU MAY OUR ALLIANCE
WOULD BE VERY FRUITFULL