Reported Speech

Roll No. 21-25

Presented By:-

Ravi Upadhyay(Leader Of The Group)

Class: Ixth “A”

ContentsDefine.Basic Rules.Changes. (Like:- Tenses, Time Words, Pronoun, Verb, etc.)Use of “THAT” in Reported Speech.Examples of Reported Speech.Question.Answers.

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Define• Reported speech (also known as indirect speech)

refers to a sentence reporting what someone has said. It is almost always used in spoken English.

• Reported speech doesn't use quotation marks to enclose what the person said and it doesn't have to be word for word.

• When we use reported speech, we are usually talking about the past (because obviously the person who spoke originally spoke in the past). The verbs therefore usually have to be in the past too.

"I'm going to the cinema".

He said he was going to the cinema.

Basic RulesWhen changing from quoted speech to reported

speech, several changes occur.  In all sentences, the quotation marks and the comma immediately before the first quotation mark are removed.  Next, the word "that" is usually inserted after the reporting verb (say, ask, told, etc.)  Then, the subject pronoun is changed so that the meaning of the quote is not changed.  Lastly, the tense of the verb is changed, or shifted. 

She said, "I'm teaching English online."

She said she was teaching English online.

Change In TensesA.Basic tense changes

As a rule when you report something someone has said you go back a tense (the tense on the left changes to the tense on the right):

Direct speech   Indirect speech

Present simple She said, "It's cold."

› Past simple She said it was cold.

Present continuous She said, "I'm teaching

English online." ›

Past continuous She said she was teaching

English online.

Present perfect simple She said, "I've been

on the web since 1999."

›

Past perfect simple She said she had been on

the web since 1999.

Present perfect continuous She said, "I've been teaching English for seven years."

›Past perfect continuous She said she had been teaching English for seven years.

Past simple She said, "I taught online yesterday."

›Past perfect She said she had taught online yesterday.

Past continuous She said, "I was teaching earlier."

›Past perfect continuous She said she had been teaching earlier.

Past perfect She said, "The lesson had already started when he arrived."

›Past perfect NO CHANGE - She said the lesson had already started when he arrived.

Past perfect continuousShe said, "I'd already been teaching for five minutes."

›Past perfect continuous NO CHANGE - She said she'd already been teaching for five minutes.

B. Other tense changesModal verb forms also sometimes change:

Direct speech   Indirect speech

will She said, "I'll teach English online tomorrow."

›would

She said she would teach English online tomorrow.

can She said, "I can teach English online."

›could

She said she could teach English online.

must She said, "I must have a computer to teach English online."

›had to

She said she had to have a computer to teach English online.

shall She said, "What shall we learn today?"

›should

She asked what we should learn today.

may She said, "May I open a new browser?"

›might

She asked if she might open a new browser.

!Note - There is no change to; could, would, should, might and ought to.

Things are slightly more complicated with imperatives.

positive imperative Shut up!

tell + infinitive He told me to shut up.

negative imperative Don't do that again!

tell + not + infinitive He told me not to do it again.

imperatives as requests Please give me some money.

ask + infinitive He asked me to give him some money.

You can use the present tense in reported speech if you want to say that something is still true i.e. my name has always been and will always be Lynne

Direct speech Indirect speech

"My name is Lynne", she said.

She said her name was Lynne. orShe said her name is Lynne.

You can also use the present tense if you are talking about a future event.

Direct speech (exact quote) Indirect speech (not exact)

"Next week's lesson is on reported speech ", she said.

She said next week's lesson is on reported speech.

Time and place changesTime and place references often have to change: • If the reported sentence contains an expression of time,

you must change it to fit in with the time of reporting.

now › then

today › that day

here › there

this › that

this week › that week

tomorrow ›the following day the next day the day after

next week ›the following week the next week the week after

Yesterday › the previous day the day before

last week › the previous week the week before

Ago › previously before

2 weeks ago › 2 weeks previously 2 weeks before

Tonight › that night

last Saturday › the previous Saturday the Saturday before

next Saturday ›

the following Saturdaythe next Saturdaythe Saturday afterthat Saturday

these › those

• In addition if you report something that someone said in a different place to where you heard it, you must change the place (here) to the place (there).

Example:

Examples: I went to the theatre last night. He said he had gone to the theatre the night before. I'm staying here until next week. He said he was staying there until the following week.

At work At home

"How long have you worked here?"

She asked me how long I'd worked there.

Change In Pronoun• In reported speech, the pronoun often changes.

For example:

Me You

"I teach English online." She said she teaches English online.

You also need to be careful with personal pronouns. They need to be changed according to the situation. You need to know the context. For example, there is possible confusion when you try to change reported speech to direct speech: She said she'd been waiting for hours. (Is she one person or two different people?) I told them they would have to ask permission. (Are we talking about two groups of people or only one?)

Change In VerbDo

(Present Simple)

Am /Is doing(Present Continuous)

Are doing(Present Continuous)

Has / Have done(Present Perfect)

Did(Past Simple)

Was doing(Past Continuous)

Were doing(Past Continuous)

Had gone(Past Perfect)

becomes

becomes

becomes

becomes

Use of 'That' in reported speech

• In reported speech, the word “that” is often used.

He told me that he lived in Greenwich.

• However, “that” is optional.

He told me he lived in Greenwich.

• !Note – “That” is never used in questions, instead we often use “if”.

He asked me if I would come to the party.

Examples

Example 1st

•Q, “Did you turn off the coffee pot?”•A, I asked Amy if she had turned off the coffee pot.

Example 2nd

•Q, “When did you call?”•A, Sharon asked me when I had called.

Example 3rd

•Q, “I want to see that movie.”•A, Kim said that she wants to see that movie.

Questions• 1. “Please help me carry this”She asked me ______________________________________.• 2. “Please come early”She ______________________________________________.• 3. “Please buy some milk”She ______________________________________________.• 4. “Could you please open the window?”She ______________________________________________.• 5. “Could you bring the book tonight?”She ______________________________________________.

Answers

1. She asked me to help her carry this.2. She asked me to come early.3. She asked me to buy some milk.4. She asked me to open the window.5. She asked me to bring the book tonight

(that night).

• 6. “Can you help me with my homework, please?”She ______________________________________________.• 7. “Would you bring me a cup of coffee, please?”She ______________________________________________.• 8. “Would you mind passing the salt?”She ______________________________________________.• 9. “Would you mind lending me a pencil?”She ______________________________________________.• 10. “I was wondering if you could possibly tell me the time?”She ______________________________________________.

Questions

6. She asked me to help her with her homework.

7. She asked me to bring her a cup of coffee.8. She asked me to pass the salt.9. She asked me to lend her a pencil.10. She asked me to tell her the time.

Answers

• 11. “Do your homework!”She told me _______________________________________.• 12. “Go to bed!”She ______________________________________________.• 13. “Don’t be late!”She ______________________________________________.• 14. “Don’t smoke!”She ______________________________________________.• 15. “Tidy your room!”She ______________________________________________.

Questions

11. She told me to do my homework.12. She told me to go to bed.13. She told me not to be late.14. She told me not to smoke.15. She told me to tidy my room.

Answers

• 16. “Wait here!”• She ______________________________________________.• 17. “Don’t do that!”• She ______________________________________________.• 18. “Eat your dinner!”• She ______________________________________________.• 19. “Don’t make a mess!”• She ______________________________________________.• 20. “Do the washing-up!”• She ______________________________________________.

Questions

16. She told me to wait here (there).17. She told me not to do that.18. She told me to eat my dinner.19. She told me not to make a mess.20. She told me to do the washing-up.

Answers

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