presented by prof. con stough & justine lomas intro... · presented by prof. con stough &...
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Presented by Prof. Con Stough & Justine Lomas Swinburne University of Technology
Emotional Intelligence Research Unit
Emotional Intelligence Research Unit Our team - 10 years
Staff/students Schools Prof Con Stough Justine Lomas Churchie (Anglican Church Grammar School) Dr Luke Downey PCW, Balwyn High, Camberwell Grammar Dr Karen Hansen Viewbank, Sherbourne, Hurstbridge and Camelot Rise Dr Ben Palmer St John’s, St. Peter’s & Masibambane (South Africa) Dr Lisa Gardner Girton Grammar (Bendigo) Marie Ryan Cardigan Mountain Dr Jenny Lloyd St. Paul’s Collegiate & Southwell School (New Zealand) Dr Steffan Luebbers Hale College (Western Australia) Emily Bunnett Chantelle Schockman William Buck Foundation
30 honours students Many other schools
Today
• Introduce the construct of EI • How do we conceptualise EI in Schools? • Our research • Case studies • Our EI Development Programs
It takes time and effort
• Developing EI in staff
• Developing EI in students
• Developing a whole school approach
What is Emotional Intelligence (EI)?
“… a set of abilities relating to emotions and the processing of emotional information”
• Perception and expression of emotions in self and others
• Regulation/Management of emotions in self and others
• Reason with Emotions
Emotional Intelligence
• Offers genuine opportunity to link cognitive ability with emotions
• System is dynamic emotions impact on our ability to think
• Ability to think impacts on our emotional systems
What is Emotional Intelligence?
• 7 or 4 Dimensions of EI
• Slightly different for adults, adolescents and primary school children
• How we understand, express and manage emotions…
Branch Ability 1 Ability 2 Ability 3 Ability 4
Emotional Management and Control
Being able to stay open to pleasant and unpleasant emotions
Reflectively occupy or disengage an emotion
Reflectively monitor one’s own and others’ emotions
The capacity to manage one’s own and others’ emotions
Emotions Direct Cognition
Use of emotions to prioritise thoughts and cognition by directing attention to important information
To perceive emotions vividly and generate them as aids to memory and judgment
Employing mood swings to adapt one’s perspective and thus inspire multiple points of view
Understanding how one’s emotional states differentially encourage certain approaches to problems
Understanding Emotions of Others
Ability to label emotions and identify relationships among them
Interpret the meanings conveyed by emotions
The ability to understand simultaneous, complex and blended emotions
The ability to recognize foreseeable transitions between emotions
Emotional Recognition and Expression
Being able to identify emotion in one’s feelings, thoughts and physical states
The capacity to identify emotions in artwork, language, sounds and others’ appearance, actions and vocalizations
The ability to accurately express emotions and express needs relative to one’s feelings
Being able to distinguish between accurate and inaccurate, honest and dishonest emotional expressions
In children and adolescents…
4 dimensions
1. Emotional Recognition and Expression 2. Understanding emotions of others 3. Emotions Direct Cognition 4. Emotional Management and Control
How do we measure Emotional Intelligence?
7 dimensions (adults)
1. Emotional self awareness 2. Emotional expression 3. Understanding emotions of others 4. Emotions in decision making 5. Managing our emotions 6. Managing others emotions 7. Controlling emotions
Skill 2: Emotional Expression
• The skill of effectively expressing one’s own emotions
“You can’t copy anybody and end with anything. If you copy, it means you’re working without any real feeling.” – Billie Holiday
Skill 4: Emotional Reasoning
• The skill of utilising emotional information (from yourself and others) in reasoning,
planning and decision-making
Skill 7: Emotional Self-Control
• The skill of effectively controlling strong emotions that you experience
Are there differences in EI?
1. Emotional self awareness Gender? 2. Emotional expression Age? 3. Understanding emotions of others Culture? 4. Emotions in decision making 5. Managing our emotions 6. Managing others emotions 7. Controlling emotions
Daniel Goleman
33 foreign editions
Available in more than 50 countries
More than 5 million copies in print world wide
Most widely read social science book in the world
Why has EI become so popular in the corporate sector?
• It is thought to underlie various aspects of performance not accounted for by IQ or personality
• Traditional intelligence (IQ) and personality are relatively fixed throughout working life – cannot be taught
Why Introduce EI in schools? a) Emotions affect how and what we learn
b) Schools are social places - Relationships
provide foundation for learning-basic of success
c) Effective as classroom management strategy – discipline less of an issue
Why Introduce EI in schools?
d) Has a positive impact on academic performance
e) Linked to physical and psychological well-being
f) Can be developed - Can we develop IQ?
Our research
Our research has shown that EI is related to:
• Academic success • Well-being, depression, anxiety • Coping • Bullying, class room disturbances • Sporting performance • Leadership
EI and academic outcomes
• Our studies and other international studies have found that EI predicts scholastic performance independent of a child’s IQ
• Maximising a child or adolescent’s scholastic performance is about helping that child:
- Concentrate and pay attention - Manage anxiety - Develop effective relationships with teachers and peers - Maintain positive mood states during stressful times
Ryan (2012) PhD thesis
• Melbourne University (Education) • 500 Final Year students from Geelong region
– (gifted and non-gifted students)
• Administered: Adolescent SUEIT Raven Progressive Matrices (RPM) Final Year ENTER marks
EI helps you make the most of your IQ
VCE 1=Gifted Achievers 2=Gifted Underachievers 3=Mainstream
Mainstream UnderachiMainstream Achievers
Gifted UnderachieverGifted Achievers
Mea
n of
Raw
Sco
re -
Und
erst
andi
ng E
mot
ions 70
69
68
67
66
65
64
Emotional Intelligence Means by OP Band Year 12 2011 ERE – Emotional Recognition and Expression UEO – Understanding the Emotions of Others EDC – Emotions Direct Cognition EMC – Emotional Management and Control
51
64
51
83
37
43
51
72
0
10
20
30
40
50
60
70
80
90
100
ERE UEO EDC EMC
OP 1 to 15
OP 16 to 25
How does EI enhance learning?
A greater awareness of EI enhances:
• Listening and oral communication skills
• Stress tolerance and adaptability
• Conflict management and team effectiveness
• Building healthy trusting relationships
• Skills at negotiating outcomes
• The ability to lead and motivate others
EI and problem behaviour Several of our other studies have shown that low levels of EI predict:
- poorer behaviours in the class-room - greater disruptive behaviours - increased bullying and victimisation
EI and problem behavior: Results
• Students who scored lower on emotional management and control
• reported engaging in more rule-breaking behaviours • reported engaging in more aggressive behaviours So… • Adolescents who report being less able to maintain positive
moods when faced with negative circumstances and are less able to inhibit strong emotions from “hijacking” their thoughts, actions and behaviours engage in more rule-breaking behaviour and more aggressive behaviour as rated by themselves and teachers.
Problem and Risky Behaviour • Emotional Awareness and Regulation appear to be key • Poorer Emotional Management and Control competencies
appear to be associated with many types of problem behaviour:
• Aggression • Delinquency • Risky behaviours • Illicit drug taking
Hessler, D. M., & Katz, L. F. (2010). Brief report: Associations between emotional competence and adolescent risky behavior. Journal of Adolescence, 33, 241-246. *
Peer Relations
• Peer Victimisation • Predicted by low EMC (managing emotions)
• Bullying Behaviours • Associated with low UEO (understanding others)
An opportunity for targeted pro-active intervention?
Bullying
Adolescents who have lower EI may be more likely to bully and are at risk of being targets of bullies…
If we do nothing about this?
In 2008, we showed that the same pattern of results were observed in the workplace…
Depression
• Participants 65 participants (58.5% female) Aged 21-83 years (M = 52.11, SD = 14.43) Met DSM-IV criteria for Major Depressive Episode (MDE) 30 were currently depressed (46.2%) 35 previously diagnosed (53.8%) 15 participants diagnosed with bipolar disorder (not experiencing
manic episode) Inpatients and outpatients recruited from The Melbourne Clinic – a
private psychiatric facility in Melbourne Psychiatrists provided information regarding each participants
diagnosis
Current Depression v Past Depression
0
20
40
60
80
100
Perc
entil
e sco
res
ERE UEE EDC EM EC TotalSUEIT facets
Current MDEPast MDE
Significant associations were observed between severity of depression and the EI dimensions of Emotional Management (r = -0.56) and Emotional Control (r = -0.62).
There seems to be some common underlying messages:
1. EI can be effective in the promotion of healthy and adaptive functioning
2. That there is great value in investing in the development of EI competencies in children and adolescents.
Our new challenge is to understand how to best foster the development of EI in a way that
best meets the needs of students
What does the research tell us?
Coping
Bullying and victimisation
Leadership
Problem Behaviours
Academic success
Pro-social behaviours
Mental Health
The suite of programs our research unit is developing with partner schools:
1. School entry (Prep/Year 1) EI development program engaging parents at the outset
2. Year 4 Building Blocks EI development program 3. Year 5 Building Blocks Booster development program
4. Year 8 Socialisation & Mental health EI development Program
5. Year 10 Stress, Resilience EI development Program
6. Year 12 Leadership EI program
7. Two EI based programs (junior school/senior school) tailored to help students deal with the specific challenges of boarding school.
8. Sporting excellence EI development program
How the programs work
• Evidence based design
• Ongoing research to assess efficacy
• Teachers responsible for implementation
• Provides flexible curriculum for SEL
• Ongoing testing, training and support
The Grade 4 Development Program
• 20 class activities of 30 minutes to 1 hour in length. • Completed over 2 or 3 school terms. • The activities are undertaken sequentially, and build upon one another from more
basic concepts to the more complex and are designed to begin to establish a common language for EI
Chapter 1: Perception, Appraisal and Expression of Emotion
Emotions and my body GOAL: Identify and label part of the body that respond to strong emotions. DISCUSSION: Students respond to the following question: “What does your body feel like when you are *emotion label*?” LEARNING OUTCOMES: • Students should begin to become more aware of
changes in their body in correspondence with various emotional states.
• Students should be able to match at least two typical changes within the body to a given emotion
Chapter 2: Emotional Facilitation of Thinking Meet the Thought Thug
GOAL: Define a character to represent negative self-talk. DISCUSSION: • Discuss with the class types of negative self-talk • Discuss with the class common situations and
emotional states where negative self-talk can occur. LEARNING OUTCOMES: • Students learn emotional states that are more likely
to elicit negative self-talk. • Students begin to identify likely activities/decisions
likely to be hindered by negative self talk. • Students begin to learn that emotions can prioritise
thinking by directing attention to important information.
Chapter 3: Understanding and Analysing Emotions Creative Writing
GOAL: To write a story depicting the transitions between emotions felt by one character. DISCUSSION: Discuss the possible causes emotional transitions on a day-to-day basis. LEARNING OUTCOMES: • Recognition that a range of emotions can be felt on
a daily basis. • Enhanced understanding of how emotional
transitions occur.
Chapter 4: Reflective Regulation of Emotion Cooling Down
GOAL: Devise a plan for transitioning out of unhelpful or negative emotions. DISCUSSION: Discuss as a class some activities, resources or techniques students can use to help them ‘cool down’ from one emotion to the one below. LEARNING OUTCOMES: • Students have a personalised resource to refer
to in circumstances where they wish to transition from one emotion to another.
Year 10 EI-Resilience Program
• 11 week program • 45 mins per lesson • Manuals for administrators/ powerpoint • Workbooks and feedback reports for
participants • Builds basic skills into more complex resilience
Resilience Program
• Module 1 – Introduction – Student buy-in, assessment and reporting
• Module 2 – Developing Emotional Intelligence
– Four branches
• Module 3 – Stress and Resilience – What is stress? – Using EI to become more resilient – Personal action plans
Our goal…
All children and adolescents have an opportunity to access evidence based emotional intelligence development
programs
International coalition of EI schools:
- Collaborative research led by our group - Continue to develop and improve/tailor EI programs - Partner schools share learnings in annual conferences
Partner schools will Form part of an international coalition of
schools Partner in developing evidence based new EI
programs Have access to existing programs Work deeply using a whole school approach Possibility of tailoring specific programs to suit
each school
Benefits Be part of large scale research Have access to world leaders to assist in
implementing EI throughout the school Assist in developing EI programs Gain deep knowledge about how to best use
EI within the entire school Promote well-being and improve performance Track student EI over time
Moving Forward with EI
• Identify children who are at risk (bottom 5-10 percentile)
• Train teachers to model EI and to incorporate wherever possible in classes with reflection
• Development programs
Measuring EI in Adolescents
• Based on the 4 branch model of EI • 57 item questionnaire measuring four factors
– Emotional Awareness and Expression – Understanding of Emotions of Others – Use of Emotions in Thought – Emotional Management and Control
Branch Ability 1 Ability 2 Ability 3 Ability 4
Emotional Management and Control
Being able to stay open to pleasant and unpleasant emotions
Reflectively occupy or disengage an emotion
Reflectively monitor one’s own and others’ emotions
The capacity to manage one’s own and others’ emotions
Emotions Direct Cognition
Use of emotions to prioritise thoughts and cognition by directing attention to important information
To perceive emotions vividly and generate them as aids to memory and judgment
Employing mood swings to adapt one’s perspective and thus inspire multiple points of view
Understanding how one’s emotional states differentially encourage certain approaches to problems
Understanding Emotions of Others
Ability to label emotions and identify relationships among them
Interpret the meanings conveyed by emotions
The ability to understand simultaneous, complex and blended emotions
The ability to recognize foreseeable transitions between emotions
Emotional Recognition and Expression
Being able to identify emotion in one’s feelings, thoughts and physical states
The capacity to identify emotions in artwork, language, sounds and others’ appearance, actions and vocalizations
The ability to accurately express emotions and express needs relative to one’s feelings
Being able to distinguish between accurate and inaccurate, honest and dishonest emotional expressions
Types of data that can be obtained from the Adolescent SUEIT
• Percentiles – normative sample (easiest for teachers to use)
• Self-ratings – the way you see yourself
• Peer rating version available – the way others see your behaviours
Emotional Recognition and Expression
Lower scores • May have difficulties
understanding or expressing emotion
• May not always understand why they feel certain ways in some situations
• Is the environment conducive to free emotional expression?
Higher scores • Highly perceptive and
expressive in daily life • Understand the causes of
their feelings • Understand the
appropriateness of their emotions and emotional responses relative to the situation
Understanding Emotions of Others
Lower scores • May show less awareness of
others emotions • Less insight into impact one
can have on others’ emotions • May find it hard to understand
the subtleties in emotions of others – Context – Strength of emotion – Emotional Blends
Higher scores • Highly empathic • Typically have many quality
relationships
Emotions Direct Cognition
Lower scores • Analytical decision making
or problem solving style • Tend to use non-emotional
information • Can take more time to make
decisions
Higher scores • Intuitive decision making or
problem solving style • Tend to rely on emotional
information • Can respond quickly • Can be related to
impulsivity
Emotional Management and Control
Lower scores • May find it hard to regulate
emotions depending on environment
• Difficulty inhibiting strong emotions (anger, anxiety, excitement)
• May get ‘stuck’ when negative emotions
Higher scores • Typically experiences mostly
positive emotions • Can easily transit between
emotions (adaptive) • Less likely to experience
emotional outbursts • Can help others to
experience more positive emotions
Case Studies
• What data do we already have on each child?
• Can we evaluate this data to check on Johnny’s progress? Is Johnny showing resilience?
• Need training to do this properly
RF
8
7
6
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
Aptitude
PAT Comp
PAT Listen
PAT Vocab
PAT Maths
88 87
58
94
0
20
40
60
80
100
Emotional Intelligence
ERE
UEO
EDC
EMC
Year 9 Entrance: English
61
Year 9 Entrance: Maths
25
Year 9 Entrance: Reasoning
38
Other: needs encouragement to get involved outdoors. Very able, fantastic writer
GH
7
5 5
9
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
Aptitude
PAT Comp
PAT Listen
PAT Vocab
PAT Maths
44
73
21
99
0
20
40
60
80
100
Emotional Intelligence
ERE
UEO
EDC
EMC
Year 9 Entrance: English
62
Year 9 Entrance: Maths
90
Year 9 Entrance: Reasoning
51
Strengths: above ave Is socially aware. Great sense of humour . Gifted program in sci. Really supportive parents. Needs to be in a top class.
SH
5 5
6
5
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
Aptitude
PAT Comp
PAT Listen
PAT Vocab
PAT Maths
7 10 10
71
0
20
40
60
80
100
Emotional Intelligence
ERE
UEO
EDC
EMC
Year 9 Entrance: English
24
Year 9 Entrance: Maths
34
Year 9 Entrance: Reasoning
29
SP
4
3 3
4
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
Aptitude
PAT Comp
PAT Listen
PAT Vocab
PAT Maths
36
2
49
7
0
20
40
60
80
100
Emotional Intelligence
ERE
UEO
EDC
EMC
Year 9 Entrance: English
30
Year 9 Entrance: Maths
56
Year 9 Entrance: Reasoning
30
Other: Recent stressful family dynamics
Consider how you might use data in your school
• What are your objectives? • Scholastic performance? • Wellbeing? • Coping, depression, anxiety? • Relationship building? • Any others?
• What data do you already have? • Who might be best placed to use the data?