Presented byEllen Hou

Maham HussainElizabeth Hart

Patricia GolesicLystra Henry

Leisha Hawker

HumanityHumanityThe human base of nuclear weaponThe human base of nuclear weapon

what do they do for us?what do they do for us?

““By what right do they decide the fate of all By what right do they decide the fate of all humanity? … There can be no greater humanity? … There can be no greater arrogance.” arrogance.”

Javier Perez de CuellarJavier Perez de Cuellar

½½ of the world’s population of the world’s population

today lives in nuclear states!today lives in nuclear states!

         Countries that have recently given up attempts to acquire nuclear weapons Several of the countries in this category had or were suspected of having an active nuclear weapon programme during the 1980's, but have recently given up all such activities, opening all their facilities for international inspection and entering into the Non-Proliferation Treaty. After the Soviet Union was disbanded, Belorussia, Kazakhstan and Ukraine joined the NPT and cooperated in transporting all the remaining nuclear weapons to Russia. Iraq gave up its nuclear weapons activities in the 1990's. Libya abandoned its nuclear technology program in 2003.

         Countries outside the Non-Proliferation Treaty These countries (India, Israel and Pakistan) have not signed the NPT but have secretly developed nuclear weapons.

         Countries abstaining from nuclear weaponsThese industrial countries have the technology needed, but so far no wish, to develop nuclear weapons. A number of them have facilities under international inspection, since these could be used to produce nuclear material for military purposes.  

         Official nuclear-weapon states          High-risk countriesNorth Korea and Iran are under strong suspicion of having tried to develop nuclear weapons during the past years.

How do we get rid of NW if the most How do we get rid of NW if the most powerful states own them?powerful states own them?

Annual World AIDS funding = 3 days of military Annual World AIDS funding = 3 days of military spendingspending

Psychic numbing in the publicPsychic numbing in the public

Hiroshima & Nagasaki only a Hiroshima & Nagasaki only a historical abstract?historical abstract?

According to NATO …According to NATO …

Nuclear weapons are “essential”Nuclear weapons are “essential”

Are we really nuclear Are we really nuclear freefree then? then?

Guess who is also part of NATO?Guess who is also part of NATO?

COUNTRYCOUNTRY ORDEREDORDERED ON-LINEON-LINEIndia (CIRUS – research reactor)India (CIRUS – research reactor) 19561956 19601960

India (RAPP I- CANDU power reactor)India (RAPP I- CANDU power reactor) 19631963 19731973

Pakistan (KANUPP – CANDU power reactor)Pakistan (KANUPP – CANDU power reactor) 19651965 19721972

India (RAPP II – CANDU power reactor)India (RAPP II – CANDU power reactor) 19661966 19811981

Taiwan (TRR – research reactor)Taiwan (TRR – research reactor) 19691969 19711971

Argentina (Embalse – CANDU power reactor)Argentina (Embalse – CANDU power reactor) 19731973 19841984

South Korea (Wolsung I – CANDU power reactor)South Korea (Wolsung I – CANDU power reactor) 19731973 19831983

Romania (Cernavoda I – CANDU power reactor)Romania (Cernavoda I – CANDU power reactor) 19781978 19961996

Romania (Cernavoda II – CANDU power reactor)Romania (Cernavoda II – CANDU power reactor) 19821982 Under Under ConstructionConstruction

South Korea (Wolsung II – CANDU power reactor) South Korea (Wolsung II – CANDU power reactor) 19901990 19971997

South Korea (Wolsung III – CANDU power reactor)South Korea (Wolsung III – CANDU power reactor) 19921992 19981998

South Korea (Wolsung IV – CANDU power reactor) South Korea (Wolsung IV – CANDU power reactor) 19921992 19991999

China (Qinshan I – CANDU power reactor)China (Qinshan I – CANDU power reactor) 19961996 20022002

China (Qinshan II – CANDU power reactor)China (Qinshan II – CANDU power reactor) 19961996 20032003

Canada’s Nuclear Reactor ExportsCanada’s Nuclear Reactor Exports

The History of Nuclear Weapons

A Brief Introduction to Hiroshima/Nagasaki and

the Cold War

http://www.kamoda.com/moblog/archives/003549.html

Learn from the past…

• This is our cry,

This is our prayer.

Peace in the world.

- Inscription on the Children’s Monument in Hiroshima, where each day, hundreds of students come to pray

http://rosella.apana.org.au/~mlb/cranes/peaceprk.htm

Stats

• August 6 and August 9, 1945 • 140,000-Hiroshima• 200,000• 70,000-Nagasaki• 7,000 degrees F.• 980 miles/hr• 3.5 kg/square centimeter• 1/3 mile• 1 mile

Energy Distribution

http://www.csi.ad.jp/ABOMB/data.html

Radiation Effects

• 1/16 mile radius from the epicenter, most people died within a few hours

• 0.5 mile radius, most died within 30 days of the explosion

Sadako Sasaki

• Two years old on August 6,1945

• Diagnosed with Leukemia “the atom bomb” disease

• Died on October 25, 1955 at age 12

http://www.sadako.org/sadakostory.htm

Children’s Monument

• As human beings our greatness lies not so much in being able to remake the world-that is the myth of the ‘atomic age’- as in being able to remake ourselves.

-Mahatma Gandhi

http://rosella.apana.org.au/~mlb/cranes/peaceprk.htm

The A-bomb Dome

http://rosella.apana.org.au/~mlb/cranes/peaceprk.htm

The Cold War

• Relationship that developed between the US and the USSR after WWII (1945-1991)

• Nuclear Arms Race

• Proxy wars using client states ex. South Vietnam, rebel Afghans in 1979.

Health Effects of Nuclear WeaponsThe Flash

http://www.gensuikin.org/english/photo.html

Health Effects of Nuclear WeaponsThe Blast

http://www.gensuikin.org/english/photo.html

Health Effects of Nuclear WeaponsThe Firestorm

http://www.gensuikin.org/english/photo.html

Health Effects of Nuclear WeaponsThe Fallout

http://www.gensuikin.org/english/photo.html

Noncancer Disease in Atomic Bomb Survivors

• Mental retardation and decreased growth in those exposed in utero

• Calculus of the kidney and ureter • Cardiovascular disease • Respiratory disease• Thyroid disease• Liver disease • Psychological Effects• Cataract

http://www.gensuikin.org/english/photo.html

“There can be no medical response to a nuclear attack. The only way to survive nuclear war is

to prevent it.”

-Dr. Katrina Hurley

Physicians for Global Survival

Comprehensive Test Ban Treaty (CTBT)

Main Objectives:• Any State Party to the Treaty is prohibited

from carrying out a nuclear weapon test explosion or any other nuclear explosion.

• Any State Party to the Treaty must refrain from causing, encouraging, or in any way participating in the carrying out of any nuclear weapon test explosion or any other nuclear explosion.

Comprehensive Test Ban Treaty (CTBT)

History:

• October 31, 1958 U.S, Britain and Soviet Union join in the Treaty in Geneva.

• September 1996- CTBT being created at the United Nations by USA, Russia, China, the UK and France and signed by 71 States

Comprehensive Test Ban Treaty (CTBT)

How does it work?

• 321 monitoring stations and 16 laboratories throughout the world report if it believes an explosion has taken place.

Success?

• Among other significant nuclear states yet to ratify are Israel, Pakistan, India and North Korea.

Nuclear Non Proliferation Treaty (NPT)

Main Objective• Restrict the possession of nuclear weapons.• Three Main aims: nonproliferation, disarmament,

and the right to peacefully use nuclear technology.

History• 1992 all five then-declared nuclear powers

namely France, China, Britain, USA and the Soviet Union signed the treaty.

Nuclear Non Proliferation Treaty (NPT)

How does it work?Non Proliferation• These 5 Nuclear Weapons States agree not to transfer

nuclear weapons technology to other states, and the non-NWS state parties agree not to seek to develop nuclear weapons.

Disarmament• NWS parties must refrain form aiding other states to

develop nuclear weapons and also pursue to reduce and liquidate their own nuclear stockpiles.

The Right to Peacefully Use Nuclear Technology• The treaty gives every state the inalienable right to use

nuclear energy for peaceful purposes.

Nuclear Non Proliferation Treaty (NPT)

Success?Non-Proliferation• States that Nuclear Weapons States can not use their

nuclear weapons against a non-NWS party except in response to a nuclear attack but there are discrepancies to this.

Disarmament• Article X states that any state can withdraw from the treaty

if they feel that "extraordinary events", for example a perceived threat, force them to do so.

The Right to Peacefully Use Nuclear Technology• Loophole?• Several NPT signatories have given up nuclear weapons

or nuclear weapons programs.

International Atomic Energy Agency (IAEA)

Main Objective• Promote the peaceful use of nuclear energy and

to inhibit its use for military purposes.History• IAEA expanded its nuclear safety efforts in

response to the Chernobyl disaster in 1986.How does it work?• Inspects and investigates any suspected

violations of the Nuclear Non-Proliferation Treaty under the mandate of the United Nations.

The impact of a nuclear The impact of a nuclear weapons event is undeniable weapons event is undeniable

and cannot be morally and cannot be morally ignored. Nuclear weapons ignored. Nuclear weapons must be abolished before must be abolished before

they eliminate us.they eliminate us.

International Physicians for International Physicians for the Prevention of Nuclear the Prevention of Nuclear

WarWar"We are not a group of activists who happen to be doctors: we are doctors first, committed to easing suffering and death. We bring that commitment to the global stage in our attempt to prevent the ultimate suffering and death of nuclear war."

"We are not a group of activists who happen to be doctors: we are doctors first, committed to easing suffering and death. We bring that commitment to the global stage in our attempt to prevent the ultimate suffering and death of nuclear war."

Mary Wynne Ashford, Co-President

1: Working to Abolish 1: Working to Abolish Nuclear WeaponsNuclear Weapons

– MYTH: The threat of nuclear war has ended!

2: 2: Prevention of War and Prevention of War and Promotion of PeacePromotion of Peace

War is a pandemic; there is a global health crisis!

3: Educational Outreach3: Educational Outreach

Educating the public as well as key decision makers demands that the that the abolishment of nuclear weapons is at the top of the global agenda.

““There are 2 There are 2 superpowers in this superpowers in this

world; the United states world; the United states and civil society.”and civil society.”

Douglas Roche, Nuclear conference 2006 Douglas Roche, Nuclear conference 2006

McMaster University. McMaster University.

“A future without nuclear weapons could be a reality” (PGS)

www.pgs.ca

Physicians for Global Survival Physicians for Global Survival (PGS)(PGS)

•Founded in 1980-believe that involvement and support from individuals are crucial for nuclear free world

•Working for the abolition of nuclear weapons & prevention of war

•Educational projects from a public health perspective to raise awareness about nuclear weapons and war

•Educational campaigns directed to public and governments

PGS….Cont’d

•Committed to fostering student involvement

•sPGS-medical student branch of student physicians for global survival

•Students contribute various ways–Ideas/opinions

–Coordinate

–Joining efforts awareness

–Work with physicians involved in peace through health projects

Promoting Awareness

Mayor for Peace•International campaign involves the community

•Brings together mayors and councilors from cities all over the world represent public demands

•Goal is to attend events like NPT to send strong message that citizens want end to nuclear weapons

•As Jan. 2005 688 cities in 110 countries/regions involved

Shadow Paintings

• Commemorate those who died from bombings of Hiroshima and Nagasaki

• Visual reminder of lives lost

Target X

• Draws attentions for passerby's who become curious and stop to ask questions

• Target could be next site of nuclear weapons

Lantern Ceremony

• Another way of commemorating those who died Hiroshima and Nagasaki

• Use ancient Japanese custom of candle lit paper

Abolition 2000

• Activists met to formulate statement-creating abolition 2000 network after discovering nuclear abolishment was not on the agenda during the 1995, NPT review

• Network of over 2000 organizations in over 90 countries working to eliminate nuclear weapons

• Signed the abolition 2000 statement and now work together to accomplish set of measures they have developed

“War is the work of man. War is the destruction of human life. War is death. To remember the past is to commit oneself to the future. To remember Hiroshima is to abhor nuclear war. To remember Hiroshima is to commit oneself to peace.”

-Physicians for Global Survival