Presented by: Dr. Khalif Ramadan716-812-1404

kramadan@aol.com

Strategic Grant Proposal WritingHosted by Masjid Al Qur’an

Boston, MADhul Hijjah 9, 1432November 5, 2011

Grantsmanship

• What is Grantsmanship?– Grantsmanship versus “grant writing”– More than proposal writing– Organizational readiness– Multiple roles of fundraisers– Organizational placement is key– Proposal writing is part of a process– Involving others

Grantsmanship & Faith-based Funding

• Background

• Changing landscape

• Implications

• Issues & challenges

Grantsmanship

• Avoid chasing money

Chasing $ can lead to…

MISSION

History MattersState <<<<< >>>>>Federal

Events – National Concerns – Politics

• Great Depression > New Deal• Sputnik > Science, Education, Technology• Domestic Poverty > Great Society• New Federalism• Block Grants• Faith-Based Funding

Moving UpstreamEvent

1. Legislation Appropriations

2. Regulations

3. Programs

4. NOFA.RFP/RFA/

5. Applications

6. Evaluation Results

Sources

1. Congressional office, Advocacy Organizations, Testimony

2. Federal Register

3. Catalogue of Federal Domestic Assistance “CFDA”

4. Federal Register

5. Federal Agency

6. Federal Agency

Flow of Federal Resources

Federal GovernmentDept. of Justice

Federal Emergency Management Agency

Dept. of Education

Dept. of Labor

Dept.of HUD

Department of Agriculture

Dept. of HHS

Flow of Federal Resources Case Study

SAMHSAState/Local Gov.

Formula Allocations

Community Development Block Grant

Continuum of Care

Competitive Grants

Stakeholders

•Faith-Based Org.

•Business Community

•Community Based Org.

•Elected Officials

•Community Partners

Decision-Making Table

Flow of Money

Grants

State

$ FUNDS $

Responsible Agency & OMB

RFP

Grants

Congress Passes a Law

Grant Application& ReviewProcess

(1) Statute; (2) Appropriation

Interpret Statute & Establish Operating Rules

Block Grant or Other Grant to State

In-state Award or Application ProcessHeld

$

Open Competition

Types of FundingFederal Government

•Organizational credibility•Personal relationships•Areas of interest•Application guidelines•Pattern of giving

•More specific•Knowing the players•Know what they want•Address specific questions•Format is important•Scoring •Bidders conference

Types of Federal Funding• Grants

– Categorical– Block– Formula– Research (knowledge development) – Demonstration (knowledge application) – Service– Other– Pork –”Ear Mark”

• Cooperative Agreements• Contracts

Foundation Characteristics• Large /National Foundations

– Fund programs of national significance– Cutting edge of change– Want to fund programs that can serve as models

nationally / internationally– Well-staffed and active in their fields of interest– Most have broad interests– Some have special interests

Foundation Characteristics• Mid-size Regional Foundations

– Usually have broad interests– Interested in making grants that have an important

impact within their geographic region

• Small Local/Family foundations– Interests of family members

• Corporate Foundations– Company controlled– Self-interest of the company –what’s in it for the

corporation– Distinct from corporate giving

Foundation Characteristics• Public Charities

– Funds from many sources– Geographic or special interest– Community foundations are public charities– staffed

Largest Foundations (by Assets)

Bill & Melinda Gate Foundation (WA) •$21.15B

Lilly Endowment Inc. (IN) •$15.59B

The Ford Foundation (NY) •$14.66B

J. Paul Getty Trust (CA) •$10.93B

The David and Lucile Packard Foundation (CA) •$9.79B

The Robert Wood Johnson Foundation (NJ) •$8.79B

W.K. Kellogg Foundation (MI) •$5.72B

The Andrew W Mellon Foundation (NY) •$4.88B

The Pew Charitable Trusts (PA) •$4.80B

The Starr Foundation (NY) •$4.48B

Searching for Foundations

Generic Topic Searches

Find Grantmakers for your Geographic Area

Find Grant Range & Size

Find Similar Organizations in Your Area

Positive Contact with Grantmaker

Apply- Letter of Inquiry

Find Your Classification of Organization

Proposal Writing Pointers

• Support assumptions– Present supporting facts for stated

assumptions

• Use clear, understandable language• Avoid Jargon• Be brief, concise, simple• Be positive• Use specifics, examples

– Specifics increase impact

Proposal Writing Pointers• Balance is important

– Data/facts and human interest– Words and graphics– Logic and Emotion

• Use hard & soft data– Statistics

• Percents +absolute numbers• Don’t overuse statistics• Clear, relevant

– Quotes, examples• Put faces, voices on the work

Proposal Format Components• I. Introduction (to the applicant

organization)Abstract or Summary or Organizational Capacity Statement

• II. Problem Statement/Needs/Assessment• III. Goals and Objectives• IV. Methods –Approach Design• V. Evaluation/Outcomes• VI. Sustainability• VII. BudgetAppendix

Organizational Capacity• Name• Do you have an Image?

– What is it (to Funder)?

• Reinforce Positive• Defuse Negative

Organizational Capacity• Sets the stage

– Who are you?– What do you do as an agency?– So What?– Impact!!

• Marketing Tool• Credibility Statement

– (numbers,quotes,examples)

• Layers

Proposal Introduction ChecklistOffers statements and/or endorsements to

support credibilitySupports credibility in program area in which

funds are soughtLeads logically to problem statement Is interesting Is free of jargon Is brief

Proposal FormatProblem Statement/ Needs

AssessmentNarrative description of current situation

or conditions affecting people in a specific geographic area

Introduction ComponentsDescriptive Wow

•History•Program•Clients/ Constituency•Services/ Activities•Locale•Population/demographics•Total budget•Mission•Staff•Philosophy/vision

•Growth #•Demand/ Waiting List•Success Stories/ Quotes•Accomplishments/Evaluation•Affiliations•Awards/Recognition•Expertise•Board•100% Support•Outcomes•Grants, donations•Media•Evidence of Community support – e.g. volunteers

Problem Statement

• What is the current problem(s)• What are the causes of the problem(s)

– Clearly related to the purpose of your organization

– Describes current conditions that require action

– Includes a discussion of the causes of the problem

– Reasonable dimensions– Supported by evidence– Specific to a geographic area or population

Problem Statement/ Needs Assessment

• What IS going on• “Layers” / funnel• Supported with hard and soft data

– Facts– Stat’s– Quotes– Examples

• People – centered• Answers SO WHAT?

Proposal Problem Statement Checklist

Relates to purpose and goals of organization

Reasonable dimensionsSupported by statistical evidenceSupported by statements from

authoritiesStated in terms of clients or

beneficiaries

Problem Pitfalls

• Need for …– Staff– Equipment– Building, etc.

• Agency – centered

• Vague, general

• Elephant of a problem with mouse of a solution

Problem Pitfalls

Proposal Format Components• Program Objectives

- what activities and services will be provided• Program Outcomes

– How will the problem change– Stated in terms of the beneficiaries

• Methods Approach - Design– How will you accomplish the change you desire– Why do you think your approach will work?

• Evaluation– How will you be able to tell whether or not your

approach worked

Proposal Format Components

• Future Funding and Other Necessary Funding– How will this effort be continued at the end

of the grant funding?

• Budget– Specifically, what will this effort cost?

Objectives

• WHO

• Is going to do WHAT

• WHEN

• How MUCH

• (As MEASURED By)

Objectives

• “SMART” objectives

• Specific

• Measurable

• Achievable

• Realistic

• Time-referenced

Outcomes

• How will the problem change. Stated in terms of the beneficiaries.– Who will change?– What behavior will change?– In what direction will that change be?– By what time will this change take place?

Objectives or Outcomes?If so, good or not?

1. To provide a total of 20 hours of in-service training on conflict management to 35 middle school teachers during the 2001-2002 academic year.

2. Students will achieve at least a 10% improvement in standardized test scores by the end of 2 semesters.

3. To distribute educational materials to 1200 community residents concerning the Neighborhood Watch safety program.

4. By the end of 2002, 250 out of 300 people from Washington County that attend six HIV prevention workshops will have increased knowledge of HIV, its co-infection with Hepatitis C and the risks of transmission in substance abuse.

Objectives or Outcomes?If so, good or not?

5. Teens participating in the “Teen Parenting Education Program” will:

– Follow proper health and nutrition guidelines– Deliver healthy babies

6. To increase by 550 the number of youth, ages 12 to 15, receiving sexuality education.

7. At the conclusion of the six-week ‘Smoking Cessation Program, “ 72% of participants will stop smoking.

8. 30 Injection drug users will increase their harm reduction skills in needle cleaning and correct barrier usage to reduce their risk of exposure to HIV and Hepatitis C.

Objectives or Outcomes?If so, good or not?

9. Students’ academic performance improves

10. To develop educational materials on “Making Healthy Choices” to distribute to community residents.

11. To increase by 50% the number of hours parents spend reading with their children.

12. To increase the number of women entering the fields of science and engineering.

Proposal Format Components• Summary• I. Introduction (to the applicant organization)• II. Problem Statement/Needs/Assessment• III. Program Objectives• IV Program Outcomes• V. Methods• V. Evaluation• VI. Future Funding• VII. Budget

Appendix

Methods• How will you accomplish the change you

desire?• Why do you think your approach will work?• Components of section:

– Summary of major Components– Collaboration– Staffing– Facilities and Equipment– Work plan/Timeline– Rationale

Proposal Methods ChecklistFlows naturally from problems and objectivesClearly describes program activitiesStates reasons for selection of activitiesDescribes sequences of activities Describes staffing of programDescribe clients and client selectionPresents a reasonable scope of activities that

can be accomplished within the time allotted for program and within the resources of the applicant.

Evaluation

• How will you be able to tell whether or not your approach worked?– Involve outside evaluator early in the

planning process– Evaluation as a tool for marketing

Summary of Program

Evaluation Plan– What data you will collect– How you will collect it– When you will collect it– How you will use it

Problem/Need Conditions

ObjectivesEnds

Outcomes

MethodsHow & Why

Evaluation

Problem Objectives Methods

Impact Outcome Process

Evaluation Design

Data

CollectionMethods

When

Data Collection Tools• Pre-post Test• Questionnaires• Instruments• Interviews• Trained Observers• Focus Groups• Physical Measurements• Logs in Client Files• Reports• Control/Comparison Groups

Information Gathering

Problem Objectives Methods

Info. To collect

How collect

When

Proposal Evaluation ChecklistCovers outcomes and processTells who will be performing evaluation

and how evaluators will be selectedDefines evaluation criteriaDescribes data gathering methods

Proposal Evaluation ChecklistExplain any test instruments or

questionnaires to be usedDescribes the process of data analysisShows how evaluation will be used for

program improvementsDescribes evaluation reports to be

produced

Proposal Introduction ChecklistClearly establishes who is applying for fundsDescribes applicant agency purpose and

goalsDescribes agency programsDescribes clients or constituentsProvides evidence of accomplishmentOffers statistics to support credibility

Proposal Format Components• Summary• I. Introduction (to the applicant organization)• II. Problem Statement/Needs/Assessment• III. Objectives• IV. Methods• V. Evaluation• Future Funding• Budget

Appendix

Budget• Estimate• No surprises• Support assumptions• Requested• Donated• Other sources

Proposal Budget ChecklistDefine how you calculated expensesExpenses should be reasonableSources of matching funds and in-kind

resources should be identifiedMultiple years must be presented if requestedFigures should be correctHave a reviewer

Future Funding• Plan for continued support after grant (If needed)• Earned Income – fees for services /products• Third Party Payment• Absorb into Budget• Development Plan

– Special events– Annual Fund– Membership– Phone/mail solicitation– Major gifts– Planned giving– Endowment– Capital campaign

• Business ventures

Proposal Future Funding ChecklistPresents a plan to provide future funding if

program is to be continuedDiscusses both maintenance and future

program funding if program is for constructionAccounts for other needed expenditures If program includes purchase of equipment

Future & Other Necessary Funding

• Future and other necessary funding– Other funding is needed when you are requesting

a specific item but you need to be able to provide the other resources

Proposal Format & Delivery• Font• Margins• Spacing• Headings/subheading• Use of pictures & graphic elements• Reader friendliness• Length• Packaging• Delivery methods

Letter of Inquiry• Think Proposal• Signed by the chair of the Board• Follow foundation guidelines• Use Proposal Planning & Proposal Writing

Format if no guidelines are given• Don’t be overly formal• Generally 2-4 pages