presentazione corso vmware vsphere 6.5
TRANSCRIPT
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CASCINA MEDICI DEL VASCELLO – REGGIA DI VENARIA
9 FEBBRAIO 2017
APPUNTAMENTO CON LA FORMAZIONE VMWARE
E LA TECNOLOGIA LENOVO
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Ore 09,00 REGISTRAZIONE E CAFFE’ DI BENVENUTO
Ore 09,30 CORSO DI FORMAZIONE VMWARE Ore 11,00 BREAK
Ore 11,10 CORSO DI FORMAZIONE VMWARE Ore 13,00 LUNCH
Ore 12,15 PRESENTAZIONE NOVITA’ LENOVO
CASCINA MEDICI DEL VASCELLO – REGGIA DI VENARIA
Ore 14,00 CORSO DI FORMAZIONE VMWARE Ore 17,30 FINE LAVORI
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vSphere 6.5 Overview Torino, 9 febbraio 2017
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About me
Pietro Ciotola Ingegnere Informatico
Dal 2008 Trainer ufficiale VMware (VCI)
VCP6-DCV
Linkedin : https://www.linkedin.com/in/pietroc/
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Agenda
• Introduzione a VMware vSphere • Le novità della versione 6.5 • Le interfacce WEB di Management • Il Vcenter e l’applicance VCSA • Scenari di migrazione ed upgrade • Il nuovo filesystem VMFS6 • Le Virtual Machines • vSphere HA e vSphere DRS
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What’s New
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What’s new in vSphere 6.5
• New Admin Interfaces • Improved vCenter management • Improved VMFS • Improved VM security with encription • Improved Networking • Proactive HA • Predictive DRS
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The Virtual Enviroment
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Traditional Architecture Traditional architecture has inherent challenges:
– Poor use of physical resources
– High management and maintenance costs
– High physical infrastructure costs
– Provisioning challenges
– Insufficient failover and poor disaster protection
Storage Network
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Virtual Architecture
Virtual architecture has inherent benefits:
– Expanded use of physical resources
– Reduced management and maintenance costs
– Improved desktop manageability and security
– Increased availability of applications
– Increased operational flexibility Network Storage
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About Virtual Machines
• A virtual machine is a software representation of a physical computer and its components.
• The virtualization software converts the physical machine and its components into files.
– Operating system – VMware Tools™ – Virtual resources, such as:
• CPU and memory • Network adapters • Disks and controllers • Parallel and serial ports
Virtual Machine Virtual Machine Components
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Benefits of Using Virtual Machines
Physical machines Difficult to move or copy Bound to a specific set of hardware components Often has a short lifecycle Requires personal contact to upgrade hardware
Virtual machines Easy to move or copy
– Encapsulated into files – Independent of physical
hardware Easy to manage
– Isolated from other virtual machines running on same physical hardware
– Insulated from physical hardware changes
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Management Tools in vSphere 6.5
VMware Host Client
vSphere Client
ESXi Host
Your Desktop
vCenter Server
vSphere Web Client
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vSphere Web Client
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• Host and Cluster default start point • MANAGE tab is now CONFIGURE • No more RELATED OBJECT but flat view of HOST,VMs,DATASTORE, NETWORKS • No more CLIENT INTEGRATION PLUGIN
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vSphere Client (1)
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vSphere Client (2)
• HTML-5 version of vSphere Client
• https://vcenterFQDN or IPaddress/ui
• No browser plug-ins to install and manage
• Fully supports Enhanced Linked Mode
• Integrated into vCenter Server 6.5 and fully supported
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VMware HOST Client
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vCenter Server and VCSA
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vCenter Server Management Platform
vSphere vSphere vSphere
vCenter Server
Manage
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vCenter Server Architecture
ESXi Host ESXi Host ESXi Host
vSphere Clients
vCenter Server and Additional
Modules Database
Active Directory Domain
Platform Services Controller with vCenter Single
Sign-On
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Platform Services Controller
• vCenter Server includes Platform Services Controller: – Platform Services Controller includes a set of common infrastructure
services: • VMware vCenter® Single Sign-On • VMware License Server • Lookup Service • VMware Certificate Authority • Certificate Store • VMware Directory Services
– Other features are installed under the vCenter Server component. – You can install vCenter Server and Platform Services Controller on the
same or different machines.
vCenter Server
Platform Services Controller
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vCenter Server Services
• The vCenter Server group of services contains: – vCenter Server – vSphere Web Client (server) – VMware Inventory Service – vSphere Update Manager – VMware vSphere® Auto Deploy™ – VMware vSphere® ESXi™ Dump Collector – VMware vSphere® Syslog Collector
• You cannot distribute these vCenter Server functions across multiple servers. When you deploy vCenter Server Appliance, all of these features are included.
Platform Services Controller
vCenter Server
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vCenter Server Appliance Architecture
vSphere Clients
ESXi Host Hosting vCenter Server
Appliance Systems
Photon OS
vCenter Server Application
vCenter Server Database
Embedded
vCenter Server Appliance Systems
Managed Hosts and
Guests
Photon OS
Platform Services Controller
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VMware vCenter Server® 6.5 new features
• The installer has been overhauled, resulting in a new, modern look and feel. It is now supported on Microsoft Windows, macOS, and Linux without the need for any plug-ins.
• With vSphere 6.5, the VMware vCenter Server Appliance™ has surpassed the Windows installable version. It offers the following exclusive features:
– Migration Tool
– Improved appliance management
– Native high availability
– Native backup and restore
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Appliance Management
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In addition to CPU and memory statistics, it now shows network and database statistics, disk space usage,and health data. This reduces reliance on a command-line interface for simple monitoring and operational tasks.
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vCenter Server High Availability
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This solution consists of active, passive, and witness nodes that are cloned from the existing vCenter Server instance. The vCenter HA cluster can be enabled, disabled, or destroyed at any time.
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VMware Virtual Storage
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Storage Overview
Storage Technologies
Datastore Types
FCoE iSCSI Fibre
Channel Direct
Attached
File System
NAS
VMFS NFS
ESXi Hosts
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Storage Protocol Overview
Storage Protocol Boot from SAN
Support vSphere vMotion
Support vSphere HA
Support vSphere DRS
Support
Raw Device Mapping Support
Fibre Channel ● ● ● ● ●
FCoE ● ● ● ● ●
iSCSI ● ● ● ● ●
NFS ● ● ●
DAS ● ●
Virtual Volumes ● ● ●
vSAN ● ● ●
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About VMFS6 • VMFS6:
– Allows concurrent access to shared storage.
– Can be dynamically expanded.
– Uses 1 MB sizes that are good for storing large virtual disk files.
– Uses subblock addressing that is good for storing small files: the subblock size is 8 KB.
– Provides on-disk locking.
Host Host
VMFS Datastore
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Automated UNMAP
• UNMAP is a vSphere Storage APIs primitive that enables reclamation of dead or stranded space on thinly provisioned VMFS volumes.
• In vSphere 6.0, this can be initiated by running a simple ESXCLI command that can free up deleted blocks from storage. vSphere 6.5 automates the UNMAP process by which VMFS tracks the deleted blocks and reclaims deleted space from the backend array in background.
• This background operation ensures a minimal storage I/O impact due to UNMAP operations. UNMAP works at a guest OS level with newer versions of Windows and Linux.
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LUN Scalability
• In vSphere 6 the maximum number of LUNs is 256 and paths is 1,024
• vSphere 6.5 now supports up to 512 LUNs and 2,000 paths
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Creating and Viewing VMFS Datastores
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Browsing Datastore Contents
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Virtual Networks
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Virtual Switch Connections
Virtual Switch Production TestDev DMZ vSphere
vMotion Management
Uplink Ports
Virtual Machine Port Groups VMkernel Ports
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Network Switch and Port Policies
• Policies that are set at the standard switch level apply to all port groups on the standard switch by default.
• Available network policies: – Security – Traffic shaping – NIC teaming and failover
• Policies are defined at the following levels: – Standard switch level:
• Default policies for all the ports on the standard switch.
– Port group level: • Effective policies: Policies defined at this level override the default policies that are set at the standard
switch level.
•
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Configuring Security Policies
– Promiscuous mode: Allows a virtual switch or port group to forward all traffic regardless of the destination.
– MAC address changes: Accept or reject inbound traffic when the MAC address is altered by the guest.
– Forged transmits: Accept or reject outbound traffic when the MAC address is altered by the guest.
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Traffic-Shaping Policy
• Network traffic shaping is a mechanism for limiting a virtual machine’s consumption of available network bandwidth.
• Average rate, peak rate, and burst size are configurable.
Peak Bandwidth
Average
Ou
tbo
un
d
Ban
dw
idth
Time Burst Size = Bandwidth x Time
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NIC Teaming and Failover Policies
• Administrators can edit the NIC teaming and failover policy by configuring specific options.
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Creating Virtual Machines
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About Virtual Machine Files
VM folder
Configuration file VM_name.vmx Swap files VM_name.vswp vmx-VM_name.vswp
BIOS file VM_name.nvram Log files vmware.log Template file VM_name.vmtx Raw device map file VM_name-rdm.vmdk Disk descriptor file VM_name.vmdk Disk data file VM_name-flat.vmdk Suspend state file VM_name.vmss Snapshot data file VM_name.vmsd Snapshot state file VM_name-Snapshot.vmsn Snapshot disk file VM_name-#####.delta.vmdk Snapshot active memory file VM_name-Snapshot#.vmem
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Virtual Machine
Virtual Machine Virtual Hardware
Hardware
3D
2 IDE
Controller
Devices
Up to 3
Parallel Ports
Up to 32
Serial/Com
ports 1 USB
Controller
20 Devices
1 Floppy
Controller
2 Devices
Up to 10
NICs
15 Devices
per
Adapter
Up to
6 TB of RAM
Up to 4 SCSI
Adapters
Up to 128 vCPUs
AHCI
SATA
Controller
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Virtual Hardware Versions
Compatibility Hardware Version
ESXi 6.5 and later 13
ESXi 6 and later 11
ESXi 5.5 and later 10
ESXi 5.1 and later 9
ESXi/ESX 5.0 and later 8
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Creating Virtual Machines
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New Virtual Machine Wizard Settings
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Deploying OVF Templates
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VMware Tools: Supported ISO Images
• The following ISOs are included with vSphere 6.5:
– windows.iso: For Vista and later guests
– winPreVista.iso: For Windows 2000, XP, and Server 2003 guests
– linux.iso: For Linux 3.x and later guests, CentOS 6 and later, Debian 6 and later, Ubuntu 10 and later
• VMware Tools for other guest operating systems, such as FreeBSD, Solaris, and Mac OS X, can be downloaded from My VMware at https://download.vmware.com.
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Virtual Machine Management
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Using a Template
• A template is a master copy of a virtual machine. A template is used to create and provision new virtual machines.
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Customizing the Guest Operating System
• Use the Guest Operating System Customization wizard to make virtual machines created from the same template or clone unique. – Customizing a guest operating system enables you to change:
• Computer name • Network settings • License settings • Windows Security Identifier
• During cloning or deploying virtual machines from a template: – You can create a specification to prepare the guest operating systems of
virtual machines. – Specifications can be stored in the database. – You can edit specifications in the Customization Specifications Manager. – Windows and Linux operating systems are supported.
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Migrating Virtual Machines
• Migration means moving a virtual machine from one host, datastore, or vCenter Server system to another host, datastore, or vCenter Server system. – Types of migrations:
• Cold: Migrate a powered-off virtual machine to a new host or datastore. • Suspended: Migrate a suspended virtual machine to a new host or datastore • vSphere vMotion: Migrate a powered-on virtual machine to a new host. • vSphere Storage vMotion: Migrate a powered-on virtual machine's files to a
new datastore. • Shared-nothing vSphere vMotion: Migrate a powered-on virtual machine to a
new host and a new datastore simultaneously.
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Comparison of Migration Types
Migration Type
Virtual
Machine
Power State
Change Host or
Datastore?
Across vCenter
Servers?
Shared Storage
Required? CPU Compatibility
Cold Off
Host or
datastore
or both
Yes No Different CPU families
allowed
Suspended Suspended
Host or
datastore
or both
Yes No
Must meet CPU
compatibility
requirements
vSphere vMotion On Host Yes Yes
Must meet CPU
compatibility
requirements
vSphere Storage
vMotion On Datastore Yes No N/A
Shared-nothing
vSphere vMotion On Both Yes No
Must meet CPU
compatibility
requirements
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Resource Management and Monitoring
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Memory Reclamation Techniques
• Economize use of physical memory pages: – Transparent page sharing allows pages with identical contents to be stored only once.
• Deallocate memory from one virtual machine for another: – Ballooning mechanism, active when memory is scarce, forces virtual machines to use their
own paging areas.
• Memory compression: – Attempts to reclaim some memory performance when memory contention is high.
• Host-level SSD swapping: – Use of a solid-state drive (SSD) on the host for a host cache swap file might increase
performance.
• Page virtual machine memory out to disk: – Use of VMkernel swap space is the last resort, because of poor performance.
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CPU Load Balancing uni
VM
dual
VM
LCPU LCPU Hyperthreaded Dual-Core,
Dual-Socket System LCPU LCPU
LCPU LCPU
LCPU LCPU
uni
VM
uni
VM
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Shares, Limits, and Reservations
Available Capacity
0 MHz/MB
Limit
Shares are used to compete in this range.
Reservation
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Using Perfmon to Monitor Virtual Machine Resources
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• esxtop is the primary real-time performance monitoring tool for vSphere: – This tool can be run from an ESXi host local command line as esxtop. – This tool can also be run remotely from VMware vSphere® Command-Line Interface as
resxtop. – esxtop works like the top performance utility found in Linux operating systems.
• In this example, you enter c and uppercase V to view CPU metrics for virtual machines.
• A visual tool can be found on labs.vmware.com/flings/visualesxtop
•
Using esxtop
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Working with Overview Performance Charts
Host’s Performance Charts Partial Overview Panel
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Chart Options: Real-Time and Historical
vCenter Server stores statistics at different specificities.
Time Interval Data Frequency Number of Samples
Real-Time (past hour) 20 seconds 180
Past Day 5 minutes 288
Past Week 30 minutes 336
Past Month 2 hours 360
Past Year 1 day 365
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Saving Charts
You click the Save Chart icon above the graph to save performance chart information.
• You can save information in these formats:
– PNG
– JPEG
– CSV
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vSphere HA
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About Clusters
A cluster is used in vSphere to share physical resources between a group of ESXi hosts. vCenter Server manages cluster resources as a single pool of resources.
Features such as vSphere HA, vSphere DRS, and
vSAN can be enabled in a cluster. Cluster
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About vSphere HA
Protects against ESXi host failures
Protects against application
failures
Protects against datastore accessibility failures
Protects virtual machines against network isolation
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ESXi Host Failure
Virtual Machine A
Virtual Machine B
Virtual Machine C
Virtual Machine F
vCenter Server
ESXi Host ESXi Host ESXi Host
Virtual Machine D
Virtual Machine E
Virtual Machine A Virtual Machine B
When a host fails, vSphere HA restarts the affected virtual machines on other hosts.
= vSphere HA Cluster
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Guest Operating System Failure
vCenter Server
ESXi Host ESXi Host
= vSphere HA Cluster
ESXi Host
When a virtual machine stops sending heartbeats or the virtual machine process crashes (vmx), vSphere HA resets the virtual machine.
Virtual Machine C VMware Tools VMware Tools
Virtual Machine E
VMware Tools Virtual Machine F
VMware Tools Virtual Machine A
VMware Tools Virtual Machine B
VMware Tools Virtual Machine D
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Application Failure
vCenter Server
ESXi Host ESXi Host ESXi Host
Virtual Machine E
Application When an application fails, vSphere HA restarts the affected virtual machine on the same host.
Requires installation of VMware Tools.
Virtual Machine C
Application
Virtual Machine F
Application Virtual Machine D
Application
Virtual Machine A
Application
Virtual Machine B
Application
= vSphere HA Cluster
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Proactive HA • Proactive HA integrates with select hardware partners to detect
degraded components and evacuate VMs from affected vSphere hosts before an incident causes a service interruption.
• Hardware partners offer a vCenter Server plug-in to provide the health status of the system memory, local storage, power supplies, cooling fans, and network adapters. As hardware components become degraded, Proactive HA determines which hosts are at risk and places them into a new state, Quarantine Mode. While in Quarantine Mode, VMs are migrated to healthy hosts, as long as affinity or antiaffinity rules are not violated and there is no impact to VM performance. In addition, the affected hosts are avoided when new VMs are added to the cluster.
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High Availability Orchestrated Restart
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• Orchestrated Restart improves the recoverability of applications that run across multiple VMs.
• This is done by creating dependency chains between VMs via VM-to-VM restart rules.
• These restart rules enforce the restart order for each VM within the dependency chain, increasing the likelihood that an impacted application will properly recover when vSphere HA restarts the VMs.
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Configuring vSphere HA Settings
• When you create a vSphere HA cluster or configure a cluster, you must configure settings that determine how the feature works.
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vSphere HA Admission Control Improvements
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About vSphere Replication
vSphere vSphere Source Target
vSphere Replication
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vSphere Replication Appliance
Standard OVF Virtual
Appliance
Delivered with the vSphere
Platform
Included with Most vSphere
Editions
vSphere Replication Appliance
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Replication Functions
Replication Between Two Sites
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vSphere DRS
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vSphere DRS Cluster Prerequisites
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vSphere DRS : Automation Level
Migration threshold guides selection of virtual machines for migration.
Automation Level Settings
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Predictive DRS (1)
In addition to current usage metrics, vSphere DRS initiation also depends on predicted usage metrics provided by vRealize Operations.
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Predictive DRS
• Predictive DRS is a new feature that leverages the predictive analytics of vRealize Operations Manager with the powerful resource scheduler algorithm of vSphere DRS. Together, these two products enable workload balancing for certain VMs before resource utilization spikes occur, potentially eliminating a great amount of resource contention that might have occurred in the past.
• vRealize Operations Manager runs its dynamic thresholds algorithm nightly against the VMs on which it collects data. These dynamic thresholds create forecasted metrics for the future utilization of the VMs.
• The metrics are then passed to vSphere DRS to determine the best placement and balance of VMs before resource utilization spikes occur. Predictive DRS helps prevent resource contention on hosts that run VMs with predictable utilization patterns.
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THANK YOU !
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