presentations may 23 – 25, 2005
DESCRIPTION
Presentations May 23 – 25, 2005 Portland, Maine For related information visit: http://www.newmoa.org/prevention/mercury/conferences. Global Mercury Supply and Demand. David Lennett - PowerPoint PPT PresentationTRANSCRIPT
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Presentations May 23 – 25, 2005 Portland, Maine
For related information visit: http://www.newmoa.org/prevention/mercury/conferences
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Global Mercury Supply and Demand
David Lennett
Portland, Maine
May 24, 2005
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Principal Sources of Mercury Supply
• Primary mercury mines
• Byproduct recovery from other mining
• Decommissioned chlor-alkali plants
• Recovered mercury from wastes and products
• Government stockpiles (only U.S. stockpile remains)
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Primary (mined) mercury production, 1999-2003(metric tons)
1999 2000 2001 2002 2003
Algeria 240 216 320 307 234
China est.200 est.200 est.200 435 610
Spain 433 237 523 727 745
Kyrgyzstan 629 590 574 542 397
Russian Federation
est.50 est.50 est.50 est.50 est.50
Other est.50-100
est.50-100
est.50-100
est.50-100
est.50-100
Totals 1600+ 1300+ 1700+ 2000+ 2000+
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Primary & by-product mercury production, 2003(metric tons)
Primary mercuryfrom mines & ores
By-productmercury
Algeria 234 0
China 610 0
Spain 745 0
Kyrgyzstan 397 0
Russian Federation est. 50 est. 100+
Peru 0 est. 80
Finland 0 est. 70
Chile 0 est. 20
Australia 0 est. 30
United States0
est. 100-200
Other (Mexico, Canada, etc.)
est. 50-100 est. 100
Totals 2000+ 500+
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Global mercury supply (Maxson 2004)
Total global mercury supply
0
1000
2000
3000
4000
5000
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7000
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Me
rcu
ry
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Mercury from US & USSR strategicstockpilesHg recovered from decommissionedmercury cell chlor-alkali facilitiesRecycled mercury
Mining & by-product mercury
Maxson: Mercury flows in Europe and the world, 2004
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Inventory in Chemical Industry (Chlor-Alkali Facilities)
• 12,000 tonnes at EU facilities
• 2,800 tonnes at US facilities
• 24,000-30,000 tonnes estimated worldwide
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Inventory of Recoverable Mercury in Wastes and Products
• Over 3,000 tonnes in US, including 570 tonnes in switches/relays, 209 tonnes in thermostats, and 1,090 tonnes in dental amalgam
• Global inventory estimated at 20,000-30,000 tonnes
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The U.S. Govt. Stockpile
• 4,436 MT stored at four locations
• Consolidated storage at one location selected in April 2004 Record of Decision, despite revenue loss of up to $25 million and 40 year cost estimate of $29 million
• Is this the beginning of global mercury stewardship in the face of looming excess supplies?
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Characteristics of Mercury Market
• Global in nature
• Small in economic terms (less than $25 million)
• Private primary mines closed
• Secondary supplies expected to rise
• Decreasing demand will create global surplus
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Mercury market price (constant $US of 2000 per/kg Hg)vs. global mercury production (tonnes Hg)
0.00
10.00
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$U
S/k
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Hg
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Ave. US, Roskills & UK market price (constant $/kg for 2000) Global Hg supply/ demandMaxson: Mercury flows in Europe and the world, 2004
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2003 global mercury consumption (tonnes)
Small-scale gold mining
(900)
Chlor-alkali (800)Batteries (1000)
Dental amalgam (270)
Measuring and control (160)
Lighting (100)
Electrical control &
switching (150)
Hg catalyst for VCM, etc. (50)
Other uses (150)
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Disproportionate Global Mercury Demand
• EU and US are net exporters of mercury• 630 of estimated 797 tonnes consumed by chlor-
alkali plants outside of Western Europe and United States comprising about half of mercury cell global production capacity
• Over 90% of Hg consumed in batteries produced outside of Western Europe and US in 2000
• Small scale mining occurs in developing world
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2003 regional mercury demand (tonnes)
Region Mercury consumption (metric tonnes)2000 rev. 2003 est.
EU-15 (302) 302 302North America (308) 317 308Other OECD (100) 100 100Central & Eastern Europe/CIS (520) 560 520Arab States (100) 110 100East Asia & Pacific (1400) 1400 1400Latin America & Caribbean (375) 450 375South Asia (375) 420 375Sub-Saharan Africa (100) 100 100TOTAL 3759 3580
P. Maxson, 2004 - in publication
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Mercuric Oxide Battery Trade Data
• In 2000, over 470 million units enters China from Free Trade Zones, Hong Kong, and other Asian nations (includes re-exports of China batteries)
• Most presumably used in products for export, since only 3.3 million exported as batteries
• Total quantity entering China in 2002 over 40.5 million units. China exports in 2002 similar to 2000
• 2004 Hong Kong Customs data indicates 20,000,000 units passed through Hong Kong from Mainland China, an increase over previous years
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Use is Very Widespread in Africa
• 25% of women in Mali
• 27% of women in Senegal
• 35% of women in South Africa
• 77% of women in Lagos, Nigeria
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Health Impact of Mercury Salts
• Skin
• Kidneys
• Nervous system?
• Developing nervous system??
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Hyperpigmentation
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EU Mercury Strategy
• Issued in January 2005 – Blueprint for Action• Mercury Export Ban by 2011 and advocate for
global phase-out of primary mercury production• Pursue storage of chlor-alkali mercury from
decommissioning plants• Restrict sales of mercury measuring devices to
accompany existing restrictions on electronic products
• Study dental amalgam and few remaining product uses
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2005 UNEP Governing Council Resolution
• Reiterates call for national and international action to reduce releases
• Requests report on global mercury production, demand, and trade, to consider options for future action at next GC meeting in 2007
• Requests governments, private sector, and international organizations to “take action” to reduce the exposure risks associated with use of mercury in products and processes, including bans or restrictions of uses “when warranted”, and to “consider” curbing primary mercury production and introduction into commerce of excess mercury supplies
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PresentationsMay 23 – 25, 2005Portland, Maine
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Demonstration of the Mercury-added Products Database
Terri GoldbergInterstate Mercury Education &
Reduction Clearinghouse
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What is Product Notification?
CT, ME, NH, RI, & VT (new) require manufacturers or distributors of all mercury-added products sold in their states to provide information on the mercury content of products & the total mercury used in all of the products sold in the US in a single year
First enacted in NH in 2000; 2001 by ME, and RI; 2002 by CT; 2005 by VT
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What is a Mercury-added Product?
Formulated or fabricated product that contains mercury, a mercury compound, or a component containing mercury, when the mercury is intentionally added to the product (or component) for any reason
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Fabricated & Formulated Products
Fabricated product – a combination of individual components, one or more of which has mercury added, that combine to make a single unit
Formulated product – a chemical product, including but not limited to laboratory chemicals, cleaning products, cosmetics, pharmaceuticals, and coating materials that are sold as a consistent mixture of chemicals
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What is the Purpose of Notification?
Product Notification is intended to inform consumers, recyclers, policy makers, & others:
products that contain intentionally-added mercury
the amount of mercury in a specific product
the total amount of mercury in the specific products that were sold in the US in a given year
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Requirements If you manufacture, sell, distribute, or import a
mercury-added product & sell in CT, ME, NH, RI, & VT must file a Mercury-added Product Notification Form through Interstate Mercury Education & Reduction Clearinghouse (IMERC) or with each state
Forms submitted to IMERC are reviewed by a multi-state committee that is appointed by the Commissioners of the states' environmental agencies
Submission & approval of the Forms through IMERC enables manufacturers & distributors to comply with the states’ requirements
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Requirements (cont.)
Following approval of the submission, the information from the Form is entered into the Mercury-added Products Database & sent out to the reporting organization for review
Information is posted on the IMERC webpage after this review
Mercury-added Product Notification Forms that have not been approved are not included in the database
All hard copy Forms that are submitted to IMERC are publicly available – no CBI for IMERC
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Frequency of Reporting
2001 – Forms due to NH DES; 2002 IMERC got involved
Updated Forms with new totals due at least every 3 years – 2001, 2004, 2007, 2010 …
Updated Forms also due when products change: ↑ mercury; ↓ mercury; 0 mercury; + mercury
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Current Status
Over 400 companies have filed Notifications either directly or through a trade association
Over 1800 products in the Mercury-added Products Database
Currently summarizing 2001 data in fact sheets
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Mercury Content of Products
Encourages reporting by product categories, where possible
Allows reporting in exact amounts or in ranges:
-- Ranges for fabricated products: >0-5 mg; >5-10 mg; >10-50 mg; >50-100 mg; >100-1,000 mg; >1000 mg
-- Ranges for formulated products: >0-10 ppm; >10-50 ppm; >50-250 ppm; >250 ppm
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Issues
Subtle differences among state laws– e.g., some allow reporting for average amount of mercury; others do not
Definition of product – focus on the larger product that contains the mercury component or just the component (e.g., recreational vehicles, electronics, cars)
Double counting
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Issues (cont.)
Creating a list of companies that make mercury-added products
Compliance – List of over 140 companies strongly suspect of being out of compliance; list of over 1500 companies concerned about compliance; states sending letters
Not certain of all products – constantly learn about new products
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Issues (cont.)
• Still learning – new type of requirement for an environmental agency – not facility based; not emissions based
• Appropriate level of detail – Model numbers? Vague product descriptions?
• Still resolving issues w/certain products – lamps, cars, lab & other chemicals
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What is IMERC?
In 2001 the Northeast Waste Management Officials' Association (NEWMOA) IMERC to provide ongoing technical & programmatic assistance to states that have enacted mercury education & reduction laws
Provides a single point of contact for industry & the public for information on mercury-added products & member states' mercury education & reduction programs
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IMERC’s Activities
IMERC's Activities -- Facilitates deliberations that provide advice
& assistance to the states for decisions Collects & manages Notification data Facilitates interstate collaboration on public
education & outreach Makes information on available online &
through IMERC Alert, phone, & email Responds to requests for information on
mercury-added products & the states’ laws & requirements
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IMERC’s Activities
Provides technical assistance & facilitates reviews to the member states concerning: – manufacturers' applications for exemptions to the phase-out of mercury-added products – manufacturers' applications for alternative labeling of mercury-added products
– manufacturers' plans for collection & proper waste management of mercury-containing materials
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IMERC’s Structure
IMERC's membership includes NEWMOA & non-NEWMOA member states -- CT, IL, ME, MA, NH, NJ, NY, RI, VT, & WA
All members pay an annual fee All IMERC members have a vote on the
recommendations made by the Clearinghouse to the states
All state representatives to IMERC are appointed by the responsible State Agency Commissioner/Director
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More information
Go to:
ww.newmoa.org/prevention/mercury/imerc
Contact: Terri Goldberg
(617) 367-8558 x302
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PresentationsMay 23 – 25, 2005Portland, Maine
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Using the Mercury-added Products Data
Enid J. MitnikMaine Department of
Environmental ProtectionMay 24, 2005
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Data Uses Basis for development of statutes and
regulation for mercury-added products.Target products for labeling and recycling and/or phase out
Consumer EducationIMERC fact sheets presenting information on products (mercury devices, thermostats, etc.)
Looking at TrendsAre certain types of mercury-added component uses increasing or decreasing?
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Product Information
Mercury-added product manufacturers are usually grouped in one of two types:
Original Equipment Manufacturers (OEMs) Components and Dental Amalgam Manufacturers
Larger Product Manufacturers The filing may refer the data to the OEM or
report it, potentially duplicating data.
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Mercury-added ProductsMost mercury-added products data has been summarized based on OEM’s component information:
Switches and Relays Thermostats (type of switch) Measuring devices (thermometers, barometers,
flow meters, sphygmomanometers, etc.) Lamps Batteries Dental Amalgam Laboratory and chemical reagents Other
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Who Notified
To date, IMERC has received OEM notifications from: switches and relays - 25 reporting companies (adequate) thermostats - 11 reporting companies (adequate) measuring devices - 19 reporting companies (adequate) dental amalgam - 5 reporting companies (adequate)
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Who Notified cont.
lamps - 39 reporting companies (incomplete)
batteries – 10 reporting companies (incomplete)
laboratory & chemical reagents - 18 reporting companies (incomplete)
other - 17 reporting companies
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IMERC Mercury-added Products Notifications
The summary data presented today will be based on OEMs only to avoid the issue of double counting.
In the future, IMERC hopes to look at product specific trends after we review the data from two total reporting years (2001 and 2004).
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2001 OEM Component Data
IMERC Mercury in Products in Tons
Laboratory & Chemical Uses
(1.01)
Batteries (2.6)Other (3.5)
Measuring devices (4.9)
Dental Amalgam
(30.7)
Lamps (18.4)
Switches and Relays (55.1)
Thermostats (14.3)
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Data Limitations Product brand names may not be the same as
the manufacturer name.For example: Maytag Corporation has filed for their products (which could have the brand name of Maytag, Amana, Jenn-Air or Jade).
Model specific information may not be included in the product description for every product.
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Data Limitations cont. Because reporting is allowed by
product categories, the product detail may not identify the specific product for use in collection and recycling.*
* Maine has addressed this by identifying mercury-added products at end of life through labeling requirements.
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The Future
IMERC’s data collection efforts are a work in progress. As states have joined IMERC the way we required reporting changed based on the laws for each notification state. We will need to adjust as more states join in the future and requirements change.
Fact sheets and any report summaries can be found at:http://www.newmoa.org/Newmoa/htdocs/prevention/mercury/imerc.cfm
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The Future cont.
IMERC will need more resources to:• Refine the database and develop
standard reporting and data output;• Analyze the data and create more
fact sheets. • More resources will be needed if
product- specific detail and electronic filing is desired.
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For more information…. www.newmoa.org/Newmoa/htdocs/
prevention/mercury/imerc.cfm Enid Mitnik, Maine DEP
17 State House StationAugusta, ME [email protected]