presentation1.pptx, congenital abnormality of the sellar and para sellar regions
TRANSCRIPT
![Page 1: Presentation1.pptx, congenital abnormality of the sellar and para sellar regions](https://reader034.vdocuments.site/reader034/viewer/2022052316/55a1ac8f1a28abcd798b45e4/html5/thumbnails/1.jpg)
Congenital abnormalities of the sellar and para-sellar regions.
Dr/ ABD ALLAH NAZEER. MD.
![Page 2: Presentation1.pptx, congenital abnormality of the sellar and para sellar regions](https://reader034.vdocuments.site/reader034/viewer/2022052316/55a1ac8f1a28abcd798b45e4/html5/thumbnails/2.jpg)
Aim of the lecture.
To show the embryological correlations of the pituitary gland with adjacent structures which allow knowledge of interpretation of the sellar and para-sellar congenital abnormalities. Also to show imaging appearance ofthe congenital diseases of the sellar and para-sellar regions. .
![Page 3: Presentation1.pptx, congenital abnormality of the sellar and para sellar regions](https://reader034.vdocuments.site/reader034/viewer/2022052316/55a1ac8f1a28abcd798b45e4/html5/thumbnails/3.jpg)
![Page 4: Presentation1.pptx, congenital abnormality of the sellar and para sellar regions](https://reader034.vdocuments.site/reader034/viewer/2022052316/55a1ac8f1a28abcd798b45e4/html5/thumbnails/4.jpg)
![Page 5: Presentation1.pptx, congenital abnormality of the sellar and para sellar regions](https://reader034.vdocuments.site/reader034/viewer/2022052316/55a1ac8f1a28abcd798b45e4/html5/thumbnails/5.jpg)
![Page 6: Presentation1.pptx, congenital abnormality of the sellar and para sellar regions](https://reader034.vdocuments.site/reader034/viewer/2022052316/55a1ac8f1a28abcd798b45e4/html5/thumbnails/6.jpg)
![Page 7: Presentation1.pptx, congenital abnormality of the sellar and para sellar regions](https://reader034.vdocuments.site/reader034/viewer/2022052316/55a1ac8f1a28abcd798b45e4/html5/thumbnails/7.jpg)
![Page 8: Presentation1.pptx, congenital abnormality of the sellar and para sellar regions](https://reader034.vdocuments.site/reader034/viewer/2022052316/55a1ac8f1a28abcd798b45e4/html5/thumbnails/8.jpg)
![Page 9: Presentation1.pptx, congenital abnormality of the sellar and para sellar regions](https://reader034.vdocuments.site/reader034/viewer/2022052316/55a1ac8f1a28abcd798b45e4/html5/thumbnails/9.jpg)
![Page 10: Presentation1.pptx, congenital abnormality of the sellar and para sellar regions](https://reader034.vdocuments.site/reader034/viewer/2022052316/55a1ac8f1a28abcd798b45e4/html5/thumbnails/10.jpg)
![Page 11: Presentation1.pptx, congenital abnormality of the sellar and para sellar regions](https://reader034.vdocuments.site/reader034/viewer/2022052316/55a1ac8f1a28abcd798b45e4/html5/thumbnails/11.jpg)
Technique:MRI is the examination of choice for sellar and para-sellar pathologies due to its superior soft tissue contrast, multiplanar capability and lack of ionizing radiation. In addition, MRI also provides useful information about the relationship of the gland with adjacent anatomical structures and helps to plan medical or surgical strategy. MRI techniques in diagnosing pituitary lesions have witnessed a rapid evolution, ranging from non-contrast MRI in late 1980s to contrast-enhanced MRI in mid-1990s. Recently, a variety of advanced MR techniques have been evolved which are particularly helpful in evaluating specific cases. These include 3D volumetric analysis of pituitary volume, high-resolution MR imaging at 3 Tesla (T) for evaluating pituitary stalk.
![Page 12: Presentation1.pptx, congenital abnormality of the sellar and para sellar regions](https://reader034.vdocuments.site/reader034/viewer/2022052316/55a1ac8f1a28abcd798b45e4/html5/thumbnails/12.jpg)
The aim of MR imaging is to obtain a high-spatial-resolution image with a reasonable signal to noise ratio. It is important to identify the gland separate from the lesion if possible. Initially, pre-contrast T1- and T2-weighted spin echo coronal and sagittal sections are acquired using a small FOV (20×25 cm), thin slices (2-3 mm), and high-resolution matrix (256×512). Both the dynamic and routine post-contrast images and delayed scanning after 30-60 minutes may be combined in one study for optimum imaging.
![Page 13: Presentation1.pptx, congenital abnormality of the sellar and para sellar regions](https://reader034.vdocuments.site/reader034/viewer/2022052316/55a1ac8f1a28abcd798b45e4/html5/thumbnails/13.jpg)
Parameters.TR TE FLIP NXA SLICE MATRIX FOV PHASE OVERSAMPLE GAP
3000-4000 110 130 4 2-3mm 256x512 100-130 R> L 100% 10%
![Page 14: Presentation1.pptx, congenital abnormality of the sellar and para sellar regions](https://reader034.vdocuments.site/reader034/viewer/2022052316/55a1ac8f1a28abcd798b45e4/html5/thumbnails/14.jpg)
![Page 15: Presentation1.pptx, congenital abnormality of the sellar and para sellar regions](https://reader034.vdocuments.site/reader034/viewer/2022052316/55a1ac8f1a28abcd798b45e4/html5/thumbnails/15.jpg)
![Page 16: Presentation1.pptx, congenital abnormality of the sellar and para sellar regions](https://reader034.vdocuments.site/reader034/viewer/2022052316/55a1ac8f1a28abcd798b45e4/html5/thumbnails/16.jpg)
Normal postnatal progression of the pituitary gland.
![Page 17: Presentation1.pptx, congenital abnormality of the sellar and para sellar regions](https://reader034.vdocuments.site/reader034/viewer/2022052316/55a1ac8f1a28abcd798b45e4/html5/thumbnails/17.jpg)
![Page 18: Presentation1.pptx, congenital abnormality of the sellar and para sellar regions](https://reader034.vdocuments.site/reader034/viewer/2022052316/55a1ac8f1a28abcd798b45e4/html5/thumbnails/18.jpg)
![Page 19: Presentation1.pptx, congenital abnormality of the sellar and para sellar regions](https://reader034.vdocuments.site/reader034/viewer/2022052316/55a1ac8f1a28abcd798b45e4/html5/thumbnails/19.jpg)
Transsphenoidal encephalocele.
MRI and CT images of transsphenoidal encephalocele.
![Page 20: Presentation1.pptx, congenital abnormality of the sellar and para sellar regions](https://reader034.vdocuments.site/reader034/viewer/2022052316/55a1ac8f1a28abcd798b45e4/html5/thumbnails/20.jpg)
![Page 21: Presentation1.pptx, congenital abnormality of the sellar and para sellar regions](https://reader034.vdocuments.site/reader034/viewer/2022052316/55a1ac8f1a28abcd798b45e4/html5/thumbnails/21.jpg)
![Page 22: Presentation1.pptx, congenital abnormality of the sellar and para sellar regions](https://reader034.vdocuments.site/reader034/viewer/2022052316/55a1ac8f1a28abcd798b45e4/html5/thumbnails/22.jpg)
Markedly hypoplastic pituitary with absent bright spot. (A) Sagittal non-contrast T1- weighted and (B) contrast-enhanced T1-weighted imaging shows almost complete absence of the gland with an associated shallow sella (arrowheads). The upper infundibulum is present but the characteristic high T1-weighted signal is not seen on non contrast imaging.
![Page 23: Presentation1.pptx, congenital abnormality of the sellar and para sellar regions](https://reader034.vdocuments.site/reader034/viewer/2022052316/55a1ac8f1a28abcd798b45e4/html5/thumbnails/23.jpg)
Anterior pituitary aplasia and posterior pituitary ectopia. No anterior pituitary gland identified with a thin infundibulum.
![Page 24: Presentation1.pptx, congenital abnormality of the sellar and para sellar regions](https://reader034.vdocuments.site/reader034/viewer/2022052316/55a1ac8f1a28abcd798b45e4/html5/thumbnails/24.jpg)
![Page 25: Presentation1.pptx, congenital abnormality of the sellar and para sellar regions](https://reader034.vdocuments.site/reader034/viewer/2022052316/55a1ac8f1a28abcd798b45e4/html5/thumbnails/25.jpg)
![Page 26: Presentation1.pptx, congenital abnormality of the sellar and para sellar regions](https://reader034.vdocuments.site/reader034/viewer/2022052316/55a1ac8f1a28abcd798b45e4/html5/thumbnails/26.jpg)
![Page 27: Presentation1.pptx, congenital abnormality of the sellar and para sellar regions](https://reader034.vdocuments.site/reader034/viewer/2022052316/55a1ac8f1a28abcd798b45e4/html5/thumbnails/27.jpg)
![Page 28: Presentation1.pptx, congenital abnormality of the sellar and para sellar regions](https://reader034.vdocuments.site/reader034/viewer/2022052316/55a1ac8f1a28abcd798b45e4/html5/thumbnails/28.jpg)
Sagittal MRI of the hypothalamic−pituitary axis. The pituitary (lower arrow)is small and scalloped. There is absence of the normal posterior pituitary and
stalk in and above the pituitary fossa, and an ectopic posterior pituitarybright spot where the infundibulum normally is (upper arrow).
Ectopic neurohypophysis with small pituitary gland.
![Page 29: Presentation1.pptx, congenital abnormality of the sellar and para sellar regions](https://reader034.vdocuments.site/reader034/viewer/2022052316/55a1ac8f1a28abcd798b45e4/html5/thumbnails/29.jpg)
Ectopic posterior pituitary gland and the pituitary gland is hypoplastic (arrowhead).
![Page 30: Presentation1.pptx, congenital abnormality of the sellar and para sellar regions](https://reader034.vdocuments.site/reader034/viewer/2022052316/55a1ac8f1a28abcd798b45e4/html5/thumbnails/30.jpg)
![Page 31: Presentation1.pptx, congenital abnormality of the sellar and para sellar regions](https://reader034.vdocuments.site/reader034/viewer/2022052316/55a1ac8f1a28abcd798b45e4/html5/thumbnails/31.jpg)
![Page 32: Presentation1.pptx, congenital abnormality of the sellar and para sellar regions](https://reader034.vdocuments.site/reader034/viewer/2022052316/55a1ac8f1a28abcd798b45e4/html5/thumbnails/32.jpg)
![Page 33: Presentation1.pptx, congenital abnormality of the sellar and para sellar regions](https://reader034.vdocuments.site/reader034/viewer/2022052316/55a1ac8f1a28abcd798b45e4/html5/thumbnails/33.jpg)
![Page 34: Presentation1.pptx, congenital abnormality of the sellar and para sellar regions](https://reader034.vdocuments.site/reader034/viewer/2022052316/55a1ac8f1a28abcd798b45e4/html5/thumbnails/34.jpg)
![Page 35: Presentation1.pptx, congenital abnormality of the sellar and para sellar regions](https://reader034.vdocuments.site/reader034/viewer/2022052316/55a1ac8f1a28abcd798b45e4/html5/thumbnails/35.jpg)
![Page 36: Presentation1.pptx, congenital abnormality of the sellar and para sellar regions](https://reader034.vdocuments.site/reader034/viewer/2022052316/55a1ac8f1a28abcd798b45e4/html5/thumbnails/36.jpg)
Hypothalamic hamartoma.
![Page 37: Presentation1.pptx, congenital abnormality of the sellar and para sellar regions](https://reader034.vdocuments.site/reader034/viewer/2022052316/55a1ac8f1a28abcd798b45e4/html5/thumbnails/37.jpg)
![Page 38: Presentation1.pptx, congenital abnormality of the sellar and para sellar regions](https://reader034.vdocuments.site/reader034/viewer/2022052316/55a1ac8f1a28abcd798b45e4/html5/thumbnails/38.jpg)
![Page 39: Presentation1.pptx, congenital abnormality of the sellar and para sellar regions](https://reader034.vdocuments.site/reader034/viewer/2022052316/55a1ac8f1a28abcd798b45e4/html5/thumbnails/39.jpg)
Infundibular hypoplasia..
![Page 40: Presentation1.pptx, congenital abnormality of the sellar and para sellar regions](https://reader034.vdocuments.site/reader034/viewer/2022052316/55a1ac8f1a28abcd798b45e4/html5/thumbnails/40.jpg)
Congenital disorder.Development of the adenohypophysis.
![Page 41: Presentation1.pptx, congenital abnormality of the sellar and para sellar regions](https://reader034.vdocuments.site/reader034/viewer/2022052316/55a1ac8f1a28abcd798b45e4/html5/thumbnails/41.jpg)
![Page 42: Presentation1.pptx, congenital abnormality of the sellar and para sellar regions](https://reader034.vdocuments.site/reader034/viewer/2022052316/55a1ac8f1a28abcd798b45e4/html5/thumbnails/42.jpg)
![Page 43: Presentation1.pptx, congenital abnormality of the sellar and para sellar regions](https://reader034.vdocuments.site/reader034/viewer/2022052316/55a1ac8f1a28abcd798b45e4/html5/thumbnails/43.jpg)
Rathke,s Cleft Cyst:
CT :•75% hypodense •25% iso/hyperdense •Ca++ rare •May be difficult to differentiate from other benign cysts or craniopharyngioma.
![Page 44: Presentation1.pptx, congenital abnormality of the sellar and para sellar regions](https://reader034.vdocuments.site/reader034/viewer/2022052316/55a1ac8f1a28abcd798b45e4/html5/thumbnails/44.jpg)
![Page 45: Presentation1.pptx, congenital abnormality of the sellar and para sellar regions](https://reader034.vdocuments.site/reader034/viewer/2022052316/55a1ac8f1a28abcd798b45e4/html5/thumbnails/45.jpg)
![Page 46: Presentation1.pptx, congenital abnormality of the sellar and para sellar regions](https://reader034.vdocuments.site/reader034/viewer/2022052316/55a1ac8f1a28abcd798b45e4/html5/thumbnails/46.jpg)
Rathke,s cleft cyst.
![Page 47: Presentation1.pptx, congenital abnormality of the sellar and para sellar regions](https://reader034.vdocuments.site/reader034/viewer/2022052316/55a1ac8f1a28abcd798b45e4/html5/thumbnails/47.jpg)
![Page 48: Presentation1.pptx, congenital abnormality of the sellar and para sellar regions](https://reader034.vdocuments.site/reader034/viewer/2022052316/55a1ac8f1a28abcd798b45e4/html5/thumbnails/48.jpg)
![Page 49: Presentation1.pptx, congenital abnormality of the sellar and para sellar regions](https://reader034.vdocuments.site/reader034/viewer/2022052316/55a1ac8f1a28abcd798b45e4/html5/thumbnails/49.jpg)
![Page 50: Presentation1.pptx, congenital abnormality of the sellar and para sellar regions](https://reader034.vdocuments.site/reader034/viewer/2022052316/55a1ac8f1a28abcd798b45e4/html5/thumbnails/50.jpg)
Sagittal T1W, Fluid suppressed T2W and post contrast T1W images showing craniopharyngioma in child.
![Page 51: Presentation1.pptx, congenital abnormality of the sellar and para sellar regions](https://reader034.vdocuments.site/reader034/viewer/2022052316/55a1ac8f1a28abcd798b45e4/html5/thumbnails/51.jpg)
![Page 52: Presentation1.pptx, congenital abnormality of the sellar and para sellar regions](https://reader034.vdocuments.site/reader034/viewer/2022052316/55a1ac8f1a28abcd798b45e4/html5/thumbnails/52.jpg)
![Page 53: Presentation1.pptx, congenital abnormality of the sellar and para sellar regions](https://reader034.vdocuments.site/reader034/viewer/2022052316/55a1ac8f1a28abcd798b45e4/html5/thumbnails/53.jpg)
Pars Intermedia Cyst.
![Page 54: Presentation1.pptx, congenital abnormality of the sellar and para sellar regions](https://reader034.vdocuments.site/reader034/viewer/2022052316/55a1ac8f1a28abcd798b45e4/html5/thumbnails/54.jpg)
Miscellaneous.
![Page 55: Presentation1.pptx, congenital abnormality of the sellar and para sellar regions](https://reader034.vdocuments.site/reader034/viewer/2022052316/55a1ac8f1a28abcd798b45e4/html5/thumbnails/55.jpg)
![Page 56: Presentation1.pptx, congenital abnormality of the sellar and para sellar regions](https://reader034.vdocuments.site/reader034/viewer/2022052316/55a1ac8f1a28abcd798b45e4/html5/thumbnails/56.jpg)
Dermoid cyst.
![Page 57: Presentation1.pptx, congenital abnormality of the sellar and para sellar regions](https://reader034.vdocuments.site/reader034/viewer/2022052316/55a1ac8f1a28abcd798b45e4/html5/thumbnails/57.jpg)
Right para-and supra-sellar dermoid cyst.
![Page 58: Presentation1.pptx, congenital abnormality of the sellar and para sellar regions](https://reader034.vdocuments.site/reader034/viewer/2022052316/55a1ac8f1a28abcd798b45e4/html5/thumbnails/58.jpg)
![Page 59: Presentation1.pptx, congenital abnormality of the sellar and para sellar regions](https://reader034.vdocuments.site/reader034/viewer/2022052316/55a1ac8f1a28abcd798b45e4/html5/thumbnails/59.jpg)
![Page 60: Presentation1.pptx, congenital abnormality of the sellar and para sellar regions](https://reader034.vdocuments.site/reader034/viewer/2022052316/55a1ac8f1a28abcd798b45e4/html5/thumbnails/60.jpg)
Para-sellar teratoma.
![Page 61: Presentation1.pptx, congenital abnormality of the sellar and para sellar regions](https://reader034.vdocuments.site/reader034/viewer/2022052316/55a1ac8f1a28abcd798b45e4/html5/thumbnails/61.jpg)
THANK YOU.