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Presentation to the Presentation to the iNEMIiNEMI RFID ForumRFID Forum

Richard A. Tyo, P.E.Richard A. Tyo, P.E.John RudolphJohn Rudolph

Aziz SafaAziz Safa

Intel Corporation (USA)Intel Corporation (USA)

October 4, 2005October 4, 2005

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Intel, the Intel logo, XScale, Xeon, Intel Inside, Itanium, Centrino, Pentium 4, StrataFlash and i-mote are registered trademarks of Intel

Corporation or its subsidiaries in the United States and other countries

*Other brands and names are property of their respective owners

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IntelIntel’’s RFID Activitiess RFID Activities

IPDIPD

IntelIntelResearchResearch

TMGTMG

SMDGSMDG

CTGCTG

IntelIntel’’s RFIDs RFIDActivitiesActivities

ISSISS

RFID Operation • Reader Platform Building Blocks• RFID Radio Silicon

RFID Operation RFID Operation •• Reader Platform Building BlocksReader Platform Building Blocks•• RFID Radio SiliconRFID Radio Silicon

Solutions MarketDevelopmentGroup • Enterprise

Architecture• Worldwide Trials

Solutions MarketSolutions MarketDevelopmentDevelopmentGroup Group •• Enterprise Enterprise

ArchitectureArchitecture•• Worldwide Trials Worldwide Trials

Technology & Mfg Group• Internal RFID

Pilots

Technology & Technology & MfgMfg GroupGroup•• Internal RFID Internal RFID

PilotsPilots

Intel Solution Services• IT@Intel• Solution

Development • Services

Intel Solution ServicesIntel Solution Services•• IT@IntelIT@Intel•• Solution Solution

Development Development •• Services Services

Corp Tech Group• Sensor Networks• RFID Usage • Radio on Silicon• Standards

Corp Tech GroupCorp Tech Group•• Sensor NetworksSensor Networks•• RFID Usage RFID Usage •• Radio on SiliconRadio on Silicon•• StandardsStandards

Infrastructure Processor Division• Intel® XScale® technology• Security & Packet Processing

Infrastructure Processor DivisionInfrastructure Processor Division•• IntelIntel®® XScaleXScale®® technologytechnology•• Security & Packet ProcessingSecurity & Packet Processing

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Internal ProofInternal Proof--ofof--ConceptConceptApproachApproach

Understand & use to best advantage the interplay between:

—people—product—tools/technology—environment

To learn the true implications of “end-to-end”

Conduct in situ studies and experiments to examine:

— Material flows— Information flows— Capabilities & Impacts

RFID for MfgRFID for Mfg

RFID for RFID for LogisticsLogistics

MgmtMgmt

RFID for RFID for EnterpriseEnterprise

InfrastructureInfrastructure(Data Center)(Data Center)

RFIDRFIDEthnographyEthnography

StudiesStudies

RFID forRFID forSupply ChainSupply Chain

IntegrationIntegration

Find the Find the ““threadsthreads””

Influence corporate strategiesInfluence corporate strategies

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Logistics RFID PilotLogistics RFID Pilot•• A series of internal pilots utilizing different A series of internal pilots utilizing different

RFID and smart object technologies have RFID and smart object technologies have been and are being performed at Intelbeen and are being performed at Intel

•• The research project featured today is a The research project featured today is a logistics RFID prooflogistics RFID proof--ofof--concept that concept that demonstrated product visibility from demonstrated product visibility from manufacturing to OEM manufacturing to OEM

–– Added UHF tags to cases of silicon Added UHF tags to cases of silicon microchips as they were packaged at an microchips as they were packaged at an Intel plant in Malaysia and shipped to the Intel plant in Malaysia and shipped to the manufacturing plant of an OEM.manufacturing plant of an OEM.

–– Tracked more than 80,000 Intel processors Tracked more than 80,000 Intel processors –– Used UHF RFID readers made by Tyco Fire Used UHF RFID readers made by Tyco Fire

& Security's & Security's Sensormatic* Sensormatic* division division –– Implemented using 96Implemented using 96--bit passive tagsbit passive tags

RFID for MfgRFID for Mfg

RFID for RFID for LogisticsLogistics

MgmtMgmt

RFID for RFID for EnterpriseEnterprise

InfrastructureInfrastructure(Data Center)(Data Center)

RFIDRFIDEthnographyEthnography

StudiesStudies

RFID forRFID forSupply ChainSupply Chain

IntegrationIntegration

Find the Find the ““threadsthreads””

Influence corporate strategiesInfluence corporate strategies

Logistics RFID

PilotLogistics R

FID Pilot

* Other brands and names are property of their respective owners

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Product FlowProduct Flow

WarehouseWarehouseDCDC

FactoryFactoryPackPack

FactoryFactoryShip OutShip Out

WarehouseWarehouseReceiptReceipt Split / MergeSplit / Merge OverpackOverpack DCDC

Ship OutShip Out

OEMOEMReceiptReceipt

OEMOEMInventoryInventory

CPU AssemblyCPU AssemblyAnd TestAnd TestFactoryFactory

OEMOEM

RFIDRFID RFIDRFID

RFIDRFIDRFIDRFID RFIDRFID

RFIDRFID

RFIDRFID RFIDRFID

OEMOEMFactory FloorFactory Floor

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Typical RFID PortalTypical RFID Portal•• Each typical portal included:Each typical portal included:

–– Controller PC running Microsoft Controller PC running Microsoft WindowsXPWindowsXP* operating system* operating system

–– Connected to Connected to ethernetethernet networknetwork–– Communicating with RFID database Communicating with RFID database

serverserver–– Running custom middleware designed to Running custom middleware designed to

capture research datacapture research data–– One Tyco Agile 2* RFID readerOne Tyco Agile 2* RFID reader–– Two Tyco Two Tyco OmniwaveOmniwave* antennas* antennas–– Optionally, a modified Optionally, a modified OmniwaveOmniwave* *

antenna used for writing tagsantenna used for writing tags–– Optionally, a standard linear barcode Optionally, a standard linear barcode

reader, if required at the operationreader, if required at the operation

* Other brands and names are property of their respective owners

88

•• Trays holding multiple Trays holding multiple CPU chips were bundled CPU chips were bundled and strapped before and strapped before being placed in a being placed in a shipping boxshipping box

•• Shipping box was taped Shipping box was taped shut and labeled shut and labeled normallynormally

•• Existing label requirements Existing label requirements on boxes were maintainedon boxes were maintained

•• No changes made to No changes made to existing information existing information systemssystems

–– Parallel Parallel ““dropdrop--inin”” PoC PoC implementation reduced implementation reduced integration timeintegration time

Factory PackFactory Pack

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•• RFID tags were written RFID tags were written with unique identifiers with unique identifiers and handand hand--placed on placed on the shipping boxes.the shipping boxes.

•• As part of the temporary As part of the temporary labeling requirements, labeling requirements, humanhuman--readable labels readable labels were also placed to help were also placed to help identify the presence of identify the presence of RFIDRFID

Factory PackFactory Pack

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Factory PackFactory Pack•• Loaded carts were Loaded carts were

scanned at the Pack scanned at the Pack portal to generate a portal to generate a stored list of cart stored list of cart content.content.

•• The loaded carts were The loaded carts were then set to the factory then set to the factory ship out area.ship out area.

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•• At factory ship out, the At factory ship out, the fullyfully--loaded carts were loaded carts were once again scanned just once again scanned just before exiting the factory before exiting the factory on their way to the on their way to the warehouse.warehouse.

Factory Ship OutFactory Ship Out

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•• Similarly at warehouse Similarly at warehouse receipt, the carts were receipt, the carts were scanned again upon arrivalscanned again upon arrival

–– Verified that all boxes Verified that all boxes sent were receivedsent were received

•• As usual, boxes were As usual, boxes were unloaded from carts and unloaded from carts and placed in inventory for later placed in inventory for later picking.picking.

•• After being picked out of After being picked out of inventory for an order, the inventory for an order, the boxes went through split and boxes went through split and merge operations to obtain merge operations to obtain the correct number of units the correct number of units for the order.for the order.

–– This required additional This required additional inin--process reading and process reading and writing of RFID tagswriting of RFID tags

Warehouse Receipt, Inventory, Split and MergeWarehouse Receipt, Inventory, Split and Merge

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•• The individual boxes of CPUs were then The individual boxes of CPUs were then put into put into overpackoverpack boxes, which in turn boxes, which in turn received their own RFID tags.received their own RFID tags.

•• The completed The completed overpackoverpack boxes were boxes were then placed on pallets for shipment.then placed on pallets for shipment.

•• Each pallet in a shipment also received Each pallet in a shipment also received an RFID tag.an RFID tag.

•• The portal at ship out had to be able to The portal at ship out had to be able to read all of the stacked read all of the stacked overpackoverpack box box tags and the pallet tag to allow the tags and the pallet tag to allow the shipment to go.shipment to go.

OverpackOverpack, Warehouse Ship Out, Warehouse Ship Out

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OEM Receipt & StorageOEM Receipt & Storage

•• Similarly, loaded pallets of Similarly, loaded pallets of product were scanned at the product were scanned at the OEM upon receipt and OEM upon receipt and placed in the OEMplaced in the OEM’’s s inventoryinventory

•• The individual boxes were The individual boxes were scanned for the last time scanned for the last time when pulled from inventory when pulled from inventory for consumption on the for consumption on the OEMOEM’’s factory floors factory floor

•• Throughout the entire Throughout the entire process chain, all process chain, all transactions were recorded transactions were recorded to databases for later to databases for later analysisanalysis

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PoC Logical InfrastructurePoC Logical Infrastructure

Intel ServerIntel Server(Factory and Warehouse)(Factory and Warehouse)

OEM ServerOEM Server

PackPackPortalPortal

FactoryFactoryShip PortalShip Portal

W/H ReceiptW/H ReceiptPortalPortal

W/HW/HSplit / MergeSplit / Merge

StationStation

W/HW/HOverpackOverpack

StationStation

OEM Receipt /OEM Receipt /Inventory PortalInventory Portal

DCDCShip OutShip Out

PortalPortal

Network Bridge

Factory NetworkFactory Network

Warehouse NetworkWarehouse Network

Built on Intel CPUsBuilt on Intel CPUs

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TechnologyTechnology

•• Performed extensive RF Performed extensive RF environmental scans to environmental scans to determine possible determine possible interference issues firstinterference issues first

•• Obtained site licenses from Obtained site licenses from the Malaysian MCMC to the Malaysian MCMC to operate RFID in the 917.5operate RFID in the 917.5--922.5 MHz region922.5 MHz region

•• Tyco provided customized Tyco provided customized firmware to run Tyco Agile 2* firmware to run Tyco Agile 2* readers in this bandreaders in this band

•• Performed laboratory and inPerformed laboratory and in--situ spectral emissions situ spectral emissions testingtesting

•• FieldField--tested this configuration tested this configuration in active DC in US firstin active DC in US first

•• Deployed smoothly and Deployed smoothly and successfully to proofsuccessfully to proof--ofof--concept system in Malaysia concept system in Malaysia without interference issues.without interference issues.

•• Note the close proximity of cell phone Note the close proximity of cell phone signals in the Malaysian GSM band (which signals in the Malaysian GSM band (which ends at 915 MHz).ends at 915 MHz).

Cell phonesCell phones RFID ReaderRFID Reader

* Other brands and names are property of their respective owners

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•• Experimental lab setup in Experimental lab setup in an active Distribution an active Distribution Center (in Arizona)Center (in Arizona)

•• Many experiments were Many experiments were run to determine best run to determine best configurations to read configurations to read through closed, locked through closed, locked metal cage metal cage trolliestrollies

•• RF anechoic backdrop RF anechoic backdrop used to avoid interference used to avoid interference with existing wireless with existing wireless barcode readers in the barcode readers in the Distribution CenterDistribution Center

TechnologyTechnology

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•• A custom portal A custom portal was designed was designed and builtand built

•• Portable, lowPortable, low--cost, easy setup cost, easy setup and tearand tear--down down for temporary for temporary useuse

•• Tyco Agile 2* Tyco Agile 2* reader with Intelreader with Intel®®XScaleXScale™™ IXP420 IXP420 processor processor

•• Stacked Tyco Stacked Tyco OmniwaveOmniwave* * antennasantennas

TechnologyTechnology

* Other brands and names are property of their respective owners*

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•• Many different 64Many different 64--bit and 96bit and 96--bit tags were bit tags were tested with the portaltested with the portal

•• The portal design was tested in many The portal design was tested in many configurations, including the 4configurations, including the 4--antenna antenna configuration shown below.configuration shown below.

TechnologyTechnology

2020

Key ConsiderationsKey Considerations•• RFID regulatory standards and complianceRFID regulatory standards and compliance•• Technical standards and complianceTechnical standards and compliance•• Business process and layout implicationsBusiness process and layout implications•• Reader adaptability, scalability, upgradeability, and managementReader adaptability, scalability, upgradeability, and management•• RFID component vendor relationshipsRFID component vendor relationships•• Portal design (and tag writing)Portal design (and tag writing)•• Evolution of tag technologyEvolution of tag technology•• Reliability of tagsReliability of tags•• Tag placementTag placement•• Making RFID work in the field (not just the lab)Making RFID work in the field (not just the lab)•• Software/middleware and dataSoftware/middleware and data•• Data and information infrastructureData and information infrastructure•• Extracting value from visibility Extracting value from visibility –– ROI and business valueROI and business value•• Working beyond the Working beyond the ““four walls of the enterprisefour walls of the enterprise””•• WhatWhat’’s coming next:s coming next:

–– EPCISEPCIS–– Gen 2Gen 2–– ETSI EN 302ETSI EN 302--208208–– And of course, the Intel components to enable it!And of course, the Intel components to enable it!

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EPC Architecture Standards

Enterprise ApplicationEnterprise ApplicationServicesServices

ALE inter

face

Reader

Protoc

ol

Discov

ery Serv

ices

ONS API

Event

Service

s

Air Int

erfac

e

Edge DevicesEdge Devices

-- Silicon Silicon Building Blocks Building Blocks

--Readers and Readers and

SensorsSensors

MiddlewareMiddlewareLayerLayer

-- Compute Compute --Data Data

Acquisition Acquisition ManagementManagementand Filteringand Filtering

EPC EPC ApplicationApplication

LayerLayer-- Compute Compute --

Business Logic Business Logic &&

Integration Integration ServicesServices

EPCEPCdatadata

integrationintegration

EPC DiscoveryEPC DiscoveryLayerLayer

Security Security ServicesServices

-- Compute Compute --AuthenticationAuthenticationAccess ControlAccess Control

-- Compute Compute --EPCIS ServicesEPCIS ServicesData Warehouse Data Warehouse

and Analyticsand Analytics

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Questions?Questions?

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Contact InformationContact Information

Richard A. Tyo, P.E.Richard A. Tyo, P.E.Intel CorporationIntel Corporation5000 W Chandler Blvd5000 W Chandler BlvdMail Stop CH3Mail Stop CH3--6868Chandler, AZ 85226 USAChandler, AZ 85226 USA(480)554(480)554--13501350