presentation to the board on physics and astronomy office of...

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Office of Science

U.S. Department of Energy

Presentation to theBoard on Physics and Astronomy

Office of Nuclear Physics Office of Science

Department of EnergyApril 25, 2008

Jehanne Simon-GilloActing Associate Director of the Office of Science

for Nuclear PhysicsU.S. Department of Energy

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Office of Science

U.S. Department of EnergyU.S. Nuclear Physics

The DOE SC Nuclear Physics Program is the Federal steward

Mission is to maintain the Nation’s leadership and competency in fundamental nuclear physics

Provides over 90% of the Federal support

Responsible for Strategic Planning and Funding

• Identify the scientific opportunities for discoveries and advancements

• Build and operate forefront facilities to address these opportunities

• Develop and support a research community that delivers significant outcomes

• Work with other agencies/countries to optimize use of U.S. resources

Goals are:

• World-class facility research capabilities (to make significant discoveries/advancements)

• A strong, sustainable research community (to deliver significant outcomes)

• Forefront advanced technologies capabilities (for next-generation capabilities)

• A well-managed, strategic sustainable program (that ensure leadership/optimize resources)

Deliverables are:

• New insights and advancements in the fundamental nature of matter and energy

• New and accumulated knowledge, developed and cutting-edge technologies, and a highly-trained next-generation workforce that will underpin the Department’s Missions and the Nation’s nuclear-related endeavors

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Office of Science

U.S. Department of EnergyThe DOE SC Nuclear Physics Program

Supports Researchers and Operates Facilities

LBNL

WASHWASHINTINT

LANLLANLORNL

ANL

TAMUTAMU

TUNLTUNLTJNAF

BNLYALEYALE

MITMIT

LLNL

UniversityUser FacilityUniversity Facility/Center of Excellence Laboratory Facility

National User Facilities• RHIC (BNL)• CEBAF (TJNAF)• ATLAS (ANL)• HRIBF (ORNL)

Research Groups • 7 National Laboratories• 85 Universities

Univ. Grants (>$60M)~360 Faculty & Staff~200 Post-docs~400 Graduate Students~100 Undergraduate Students

Centers of Excellence• CENPA (U. of Wash)• INT (U. of Wash.)• TAMU (Texas A&M) • TUNL (Duke)• REC (MIT)• WNSL (Yale)

Other Lab. Facility• 88-Inch Cyclotron (LBNL)

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Office of Science


U.S. Nuclear Physics

Federal investments in the last decade have made the U.S. leaders in Nuclear Physics• World leaders in two major subfields (Physics of QCD)

– Hot, dense nuclear matter (RHIC)– Quark structure of matter (CEBAF & RHIC)

• Among the leaders in other subfields– Nuclear structure/astrophysics (ATLAS, HRIBF and MSU (NSF))– Neutrino science/fundamental symmetries (SNO, KamLAND, MiniBooNE)

• These research capabilities are delivering today– Scientific discoveries and advances in new technologies– Attracting and training next generation scientists

International investments challenge this leadership in the future• Heavy ion LHC program RHIC (heavy ions) Hot, dense nuclear matter• FAIR (Germany)/J-PARC (Japan) CEBAF/RHIC (protons) Quark Structure of Matter• FAIR (Germany)/RIKEN (Japan) ATLAS/HRIBF/(MSU) Nuclear

ISAC (Canada)/SPIRAL II (France) Structure/Astrophysics

Investments are needed for the U.S. to maintain leadership in this field• Opportunities to address the forefront questions have been identified• Plan to implement a U.S. leadership nuclear physics program has been developed• Requires funding above Cost-of-Living (i.e..; investments)

Office of Science


Some Recent Scientific Highlights

Properties of a “Quark Soup”:The conditions of the infant universe, replicated in experiments at BNL/RHIC, continue to be revealed:

• Behavior of the “quenched” far-side jet produced in gold-gold collisions suggest evidence of a “sonic boom” in what appears to be near perfect Quark-Gluon Plasma (QGP) liquid formed at RHIC.

• Can the mathematical description of a black hole better approximatethe QGP?

MiniBooNE experiment rules out “sterile” neutrino:Results of a previous experiment, LSND, suggested the possible existence of a “sterile”

neutrino, one that does interact via the usual weak interaction• Using the muon neutrino beam at Fermilab, searched for the appearance of an

electron neutrino only, a signature of a sterile neutrino—no events were observed in the energy region of the previous LSND signal

?

Three body forces required to calculate masses of heavy Helium nuclei:Ab initio calculations carried out the Jaguar supercomputer (ORNL) as part of SciDAC-2 show a systematic deviation of masses from those measured

• The deviation is attributed to three-body forces missing in the present calculation

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Office of Science

U.S. Department of EnergyNuclear Physics develops advanced

instrumentation and techniques

Materials Testing and Modification Trace-isotope analysis Ion implantation Surface modifications Flux-pinning in high-Tc

superconductors Free-electron lasers Cold and ultracold neutrons Single-event efforts Microphone filters

Energy Production and Exploration

Nuclear reactors Oil-well logging R&D for next generation nuclear

reactors

Art and Archaeology Authentication Nuclear dating

Environmental Applications Climate-change monitoring Pollution control Groundwater monitoring Ocean-current monitoring Radioactive-waste burning

Safety and National Security Airport safety and security Large-scale x-ray scanners Nuclear materials detectionArms control and nonproliferation Stockpile stewardship Tritium production Space-radiation health effects Semi-conductors in radiation

environmentsFood sterilization

Material Analysis Activation analysis Accelerator mass spectrometry Atom-trap trace analysis Forensic dosimetryProton-induced x-ray emission Rutherfold backgroundingIon-induced secondary-ion emission Muon spin rotation

Medical Diagnostics and Therapy Radiography Computerized tomography Positron emission tomography MRI (regular) MRI (with polarized noble gases) Photon therapy Particle-beam therapies

36Cl

Imaging lungs with polarized Xe

Searching for SNM with cosmic rays

Nuclear Data for next next generation reactors

Accelerator mass spectrometry of sea water to monitor deep currents

Determination of ages of Egyptian aquiferswith ATTA

Tests of micro-electronics for space applications

ORNL

ANL

LBNL

U of VATJNAF

LANL

BNL

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Office of Science

U.S. Department of EnergyThe Frontiers of Nuclear Science

A Long Range Plan

Quantum Chromodynamics:From the Structure of Hadrons to the Phases of Nuclear Matter

Nuclei:From Structure to Exploding Stars

In Search of the New Standard Model

Scientific frontiers and opportunities are identified by the scientific community• Primary guidance has come from DOE/NSF Nuclear Science Advisory Committee (NSAC)• Other guidance obtained from National Academy of Science (NAS), Interagency/International studies,

facility PACs, etc.

“For the last decade, the top priority for nuclear sciencehas been to utilize the flagship facilities that were built withinvestments by the nation in the 1980s and 1990s. Researchwith these facilities has led to many significant new discoveries that have changed our understanding of the world in which we live. But new discoveries demand new facilities,and the successes cannot continue indefinitely without newinvestment.”

The U.S. nuclear science program will erode without significant new capital investments. ”

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Office of Science


2007 Long Range Plan for Nuclear Science

Recommendations:• We recommend completion of the 12 GeV CEBAF Upgrade at Jefferson Lab. The

Upgrade will enable new insights into the structure of the nucleon, the transition between the hadronic and quark/gluon descriptions of nuclei, and the nature of confinement.

• We recommend construction of the Facility for Rare Isotope Beams (FRIB), a world-leading facility for the study of nuclear structure, reactions, and astrophysics. Experiments with the new isotopes produced at FRIB will lead to a comprehensive description of nuclei, elucidate the origin of the elements in the cosmos, provide an understanding of matter in the crust of neutron stars, and establish the scientific foundation for innovative applications of nuclear science to society.

• We recommend a targeted program of experiments to investigate neutrino properties and fundamental symmetries. These experiments aim to discover the nature of the neutrino, yet-unseen violations of time-reversal symmetry, and other key ingredients of the New Standard Model of fundamental interactions. Construction of a Deep Underground Science and Engineering Laboratory is vital to U.S. leadership in core aspects of this initiative.

• The experiments at the Relativistic Heavy Ion Collider have discovered a new state of matter at extreme temperature and density—a quark-gluon plasma that exhibits unexpected, almost perfect liquid dynamical behavior. We recommend implementation of the RHIC II luminosity upgrade, together with detector improvements, to determine the properties of this new state of matter.

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Office of Science

U.S. Department of EnergyU.S. to make significant scientific discoveries and advancements in Nuclear Physics

MIEs

Construction Facility Operations

Quark-Degrees of Freedom

Electron Beams(CEBAF)

Quark Structure of Matter

Hadron Beams(RHIC)(RHIC)

Hot Nuclear Matter

(LHC)

Nucleon-Degrees of FreedomNuclear Structure/Astrophysics(Other Facilities)

(ATLAS) (HRIBF)

(FRIB)

Fundamental Symmetries/NeutrinosNeutrino Experiments

Neutron Experiments

Polarized Protons

Heavy Ions

CEBAF 6 GeV

FY05 FY06 FY07 FY08 FY09 FY10 FY11 FY12 FY13 FY14 FY15 FY16 FY17 FY18

CEBAF 12 GeV Upgrade

RHIC Detector MIE (protons)

LHC Heavy Ion ALICE MIE

RHIC Detector MIEs (Heavy Ions)

Facility for Rare Isotope Beams

GRETINA MIE

CUORE

nEDM experiment MIE at FNPBFundamental Neutron Physics Beam (FNPB)

ATLAS OperationsHRIBF Operations

FRIB Ops

EBIS Luminosity Upgrade

CEBAF 12 GeV Operations

Rare Isotope Beam Investments MIEs

RHIC II OperationsRHIC Operations

EIC

Stable Beam Ops

Next gen FNPB exp

GRETA MIE

LHC Upgrades MIE

RHIC II MIEs

Next Gen neutrino

FRIB Instrumentation

Position U.S. with Capabilities to:

Discover the mechanism for quark confinementImage the positions & momenta of quarksSee if LQCD can reproduce observed properties

Discover the origin of nucleon’s “spin”

Understand the properties of the QGPSee if LQCD can explain properties

Learn about matter at higher temperature/pressure

Participate in unique RIB studiesDiscover new structures/behaviors of nucleiMount a competitive RIB program (for ~5-years)Mount a competitive RIB program (for ~5-years)Implement a world-class U.S. RIB program(origin of elements/superheavies/new structures)

Discover the nature of neutrino/establish its mass

Investigate CP violation (test of Standard Model)Understand mass/anti-mass asymmetry in universe

Office of Science


Funding for physical sciences, Office of Science and Nuclear Physics has been basically constant (eroded by inflation) over last number of years.

For FY 2006 the Nuclear Physics program experienced a -9.4% reduction (Office of Science had a -4.4% reduction) compared to FY 2005. This resulted in significant reductions in NP user facility operations and reductions in researchers and graduate/undergraduate students.

In FY 2007 the Administration announced its plan to double the funding in ten years for the physical sciences (DOE SC, NSF and NIST). The Office of Science’s plan for this 10-year period includes the major elements of NP’s plan which was included in FY 2007 and FY 2008 Requests.

The FY 2007 Appropriations provided a significant increase for Nuclear Physics, although it fell short of the President’s Budget Request.

The FY 2008 Appropriations for Nuclear Physics was $432.7 Million, $10 Million above FY 2007 and $39 Million less than the Congressional Budget Request ($471.3 Million).

Obtaining funding at the FY 2009 Budget Request is extremely important for implementing a world-class nuclear physics program.

Budget Context and Outlook

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Office of Science


FY 2008 Appropriation: -$38,593,000 (8.2% below FY 2008 President’s Request)

Stretch out of construction projects and MIEs and impacts to cost and schedule:• Funding for the RHIC MIEs, GRETINA, and nEDM (DOE/NSF) reduced, increasing project risks and

causing schedule delays. Impacts to project costs are being evaluated. • Funding for EBIS (DOE/NASA) project at RHIC, which had been reduced in the FY 2007 Appropriation, is

not restored in FY 2008. Funds requested in FY 2009 to complete the project.

Ongoing research program impacts:• NP research programs nearly flat funded with FY 2007, resulting in reductions in effort due to inflation.

Planned increases in research efforts that support ongoing initiatives, such as FNPB and LHC, are reduced. Generic R&D related to rare isotope beam capabilities reduced.

Operating facility impacts: • Relativistic Heavy Ion Collider (BNL) operations are reduced from planned 30 to 19 weeks.• Continuous Electron Beam Accelerator Facility (TJNAF) operations are reduced from planned 34 to 24

weeks. Important experiments in the current 6 GeV science program are not completed prior to the shutdown for the implementation of the 12 GeV CEBAF Upgrade Project.

• Operations of the ATLAS and HRIBF are reduced. Efficiency improvements are deferred.

Impacts to new programs to be initiated in FY 2008:• Increased support for the Advanced Fuel Cycle initiative and theoretical topical collaboration is deferred.

Layoffs or increases to workforce:• Loss of support across the program results in reductions of approximately 10 permanent Ph.D.s, 10

postdoctoral fellows, and 10 graduate students. Loss of support for ~ 30 Engineering/Technical/Administrative personnel.

Impacts of FY 2008 Appropriation

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Office of Science


0

100

200

300

400

500

600

FY90

FY91

FY92

FY93

FY94

FY95

FY96

FY97

FY98

FY99

FY00

FY01

FY02

FY03

FY04

FY05

FY06

FY07

FY08

Other (SBIR/GPP/...)

RHIC Construction

TJNAF Construction

Bevalac Ops

LAMPF Ops

AGS

RHIC Ops

TJNAF Ops

Other Facilities

Initiatives/R&D

CE/AIP

Research

Funding Situation is Critical

2006 NSAC ReportFY08 Funding Levels

• Facilities (LAMPF, Bevalac, Bates) were phased out to establish and operate CEBAF and RHIC facilities

• Funding is now marginal for continued operations of these two facilities

• NSAC’s assessment in FY 2006 (FY 2007 recommended levels escalated to FY 2008$):

– Funding at $445 M (FY 2008$) or below – not sufficient to sustain operation of both major facilities

– Funding at $465 M (FY 2008$) – can sustain operations of both – but with significantly curtailed programs

– Funding at $490 M (FY 2008$) – should be able to mount a viable program – slow and without a FRIB

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Office of Science

U.S. Department of EnergyOffice of Science

FY 2009 Congressional Budget Request

Office of ScienceFY 2009 Budget Request to Congress

(dollars in thousands)

Basic Energy Sciences…………………………… 1,221,380 1,498,497 1,269,902 1,568,160 +298,258 +23.5%Advanced Scientific Computing Research……… 275,734 340,198 351,173 368,820 +17,647 +5.0%Biological and Environmental Research………… 480,104 531,897 544,397 568,540 +24,143 +4.4%High Energy Physics………………………………… 732,434 782,238 689,331 804,960 +115,629 +16.8%Nuclear Physics……………………………………… 412,330 471,319 432,726 510,080 +77,354 +17.9%Fusion Energy Sciences…………………………… 311,664 427,850 286,548 493,050 +206,502 +72.1%Science Laboratories Infrastructure……………… 41,986 78,956 66,861 110,260 +43,399 +64.9%Science Program Direction………………………… 166,469 184,934 177,779 203,913 +26,134 +14.7%Workforce Dev. for Teachers & Scientists……… 7,952 11,000 8,044 13,583 +5,539 +68.9%Safeguards and Security (gross)………………… 75,830 76,592 75,946 80,603 +4,657 +6.1%SBIR/STTR (SC funding)…………………………… 86,936 —— —— —— —— ——

Subtotal, Office of Science……………………… 3,812,819 4,403,481 3,902,707 4,721,969 +819,262 +21.0%Adjustments*………………………………………… 23,794 -5,605 70,435 —— -70,435 ——

Total, Office of Science………………………… 3,836,613 4,397,876 3,973,142 4,721,969 +748,827 +18.8%

* Adjustments include SBIR/STTR funding transferred from other DOE offices (FY 2007 only), a charge to reimbursable customers for their share of safeguards and security costs (FY 2007 and FY 2008), Congressionally-directed projects and a rescission of a prior year Congressionally-directed project (FY 2008 only), and offsets for the use of prior year balances to fund current year activities (FY 2007 and FY 2008).

FY 2009 Request to Congress

FY 2009 Request to Congress vs. FY 2008

Approp.

FY 2008 Approp.

FY 2007 Approp.

FY 2008 Request

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Office of Science

U.S. Department of EnergyOffice of Nuclear Physics

FY 2009 Congressional Budget Request

(millions)Request

FY07 FY08 FY09 vs FY08Research Operating 139.0 142.8 161.5 + 13%Research Cap. Equip. 12.8 14.1 18.0 + 28%

<Research> 151.8 156.9 179.5 + 14%

RHIC 135.5 136.0 148.6 + 8%CEBAF 70.4 70.2 77.8 + 11%HRIBF 12.9 13.0 14.6 + 12%ATLAS 11.7 11.9 13.7 + 15%88-Inch Cyclotron 3.1 3.2 3.7 + 16%MIT/Bates 2.0 2.0 0

<Facility Operations> 235.6 236.3 258.4 + 9%

12 GeV Upgrade R&D/PED 9.5 14.4 28.6EBIS (RHIC) 5.1 4.1 2.4FRIB R&D 0 0 7.0

<Construction (TPE)> 14.6 18.5 38.3 +107%

Other (GPP/SBIR/etc) 21.0* 21.0 33.8**<Stewardship> 21.0 21.0 33.8 + 61%

Nuclear Physics Total 422.8 432.7 510.0 + 18%* Includes SBIR/STTR **Includes Isotope Program

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Office of Science


millionsRequest

Research FY07 FY08 FY09 vs FY08Universities 62.3 63.2 67.7 + 7%Laboratories 70.2 73.1 84.0 + 15%SciDAC & LQCD 2.7 2.7 3.2 + 19%Rare Isotope R&D 3.8 3.8 0Enhanced R&D for AFC - - 6.6

Operating Subtotal 139.0 142.8 161.5 + 13%

Research Capital Equipment (TEC)GRETINA 3.9 3.9 2.0FNPB 1.5 1.5 1.5STAR TOF 2.4 0 0PHENIX Silicon VTX 1.3 2.0 1.2PHENIX Forward Vertex Detector 0 0.5 2.4PHENIX Nose Cone Calorimeter 0 0.2 1.2HI LHC 1.0 2.0 4.0nEDM 0.8 2.2 1.1CUORE - 0.5 2.0University CE 0.9 0.9 1.0Laboratory CE 1.0 0.4 1.6

Capital Equip Subtotal 12.8 14.1 18.0 + 28%

Research Subtotal 151.8 156.9 179.5 + 14%

FY 2009 Budget RequestResearch

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Office of Science


Solicitation for Facility for Rare Isotope Beams

• Draft Funding Opportunity Announcement for U.S. Facility for Rare Isotope Beams released for public comment – closed April 15, 2008.

– Can access from the NP website– Questions and answers posted on web site– Final FOA to be released soon

• Follows overall approach of the successful FOA for the GTL BioCenters tailored to the needs of the scope associated with the establishment of a facility.

• There is no FY 2008 funding associated with the award - identifies a site that can proceed with facility establishment. Future funding depends on Appropriation. FY 2009 Budget requests Conceptual Design support and R&D.

• Anticipate making a single award in calendar year 2008

• Peer review process is now being established

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Office of Science


NP and Isotopes Program

The FY 2009 President’s Request proposes to transfer the Isotope Production Program from the Office of Nuclear Energy to the Office of Science: Office of Nuclear Physics.

- The program is renamed the Isotope Production and Applications Program- Includes Isotope Production Infrastructure and a new initiative entitled Research Isotope

Development and Production – priorities will be defined via peer review

NP program has the expertise and experience in operating facilities and developing technologies that are relevant to the production of stable and radioactive isotopes. Transfer will allow the strengthening of synergy between the two communities and opportunities for new collaborations.

Ultimate responsibility of the Isotope Program resides with NE until there is an Appropriation, but FY 2010 and outyear budget formulation resides with SC/NP.

NP is working closely with NE and isotope stakeholders in anticipation of the transfer.

Workshop will be held – August 5-7, 2008. - The Nation's Needs for Isotopes: Present and Future- Will assemble representative stakeholders- federal, research, industrial

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Office of Science

U.S. Department of EnergyAdvancing Nuclear Medicine Through Innovation

NAS Report September 20, 2007

Some NAS Committee Report Findings and Recommendations

• The DOE-NE Isotope Program is not meeting the needs of the research community because the effort is not adequately coordinated with NIH activities or with the DOE-BER.

• Public Law 101-101 (requiring full cost recovery) – is an impediment to radioisotope availability. (P.L.101-101 was modified by Public Law 103-316)

• There is inadequate domestic supply of most medical radionuclides for routine use in nuclear medicine practice, and no domestic source for some.

• Deteriorating infrastructure and loss of federal research support are jeopardizing the advancement of nuclear medicine.

• There is no short- or long-term programmatic commitment by any agency to funding basic science (chemistry, physics and engineering) research and associated high-technology infrastructure (accelerators, instrumentation and imaging physics), which are at the heart of nuclear medicine technology R&D.

• Have established a working group with NIH to address NAS recommendations.

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Office of Science


FY 2007 Program Management Activities

National Academy• Rare Isotope Science Assessment Committee (RISAC) Report delivered in FY 2007• Decadal Study of Nuclear Physics to begin in FY 2009

DOE/NSF Nuclear Science Advisory Committee (NSAC)• Performed a Committee of Visitors (COV) review of ONP (Jan 07)• Delivered assessment of technical options for a U.S. FRIB within available funds (Aug 07)• Delivered (with HEPAP) third technical assessment of neutrino science experiments (Aug 07)• Delivered new Long Range Plan for U.S. nuclear science community (Dec 07)

DOE Reviews• Annual Science and Technology (S&T) Reviews of the four NP National User Facilities • Facility Operations Reviews and Facility Operations Efficiencies Review that reviewed the

cost drivers and efficiencies of NP user facilities (Aug 06) • Science reviews and progress reviews of projects

OSTP Working Groups• Member of Physics of the Universe Working Group (Progress report 07)• HEDP Taskforce Report outlining Federal Plan for a U.S. HEDP program (Sept 07)

OECD Global Science Working Group on Nuclear Physics (WGNP)• Document what efforts/facilities/plans/collaborations exist for nuclear physics world-wide• Identify opportunities for enhanced coordination and collaborations (Report Spring 2008)

Office of Science


The U.S. nuclear physics program today is a world-leader or among the leaders in all the major scientific thrusts of nuclear physics today because of past investments.

To realize the benefits of the past investments and achieve the planned goals, one needs sustained funding to operate the facilities and support the research community.

To remain competitive and maintain a leadership role in the future, investments in expanded research capabilities are needed.

In the context of the a doubled budget for the Office of Science over next ten years –there an opportunity for NP to implement a world-class program that will deliver new insight into the nature and structure of matter – that will have significant impact outside of nuclear physics.

NP program is at a crossroads. FY 2009 President’s Request is very important in determining the future of the program.

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presentation to the board on physics and astronomy office of...

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