Presentation to PPI

Thursday 17th May 2012

GILL HESSION - Manager

Appendix

1

TOP 20 DRUGS

A team of leading scientists spent two years analysing

the effects of 20 of Britain’s most widely used drugs, and

have devised a scientifically rigorous – and controversial

– new ranking for them

The following three factors were considered in ranking

the harmfulness of each drug that was evaluated:

• Physical harm to the user

• Addictive potential of the drug

• The drug's overall impact on society

• Ketamine Alcohol Alkyl nitrates Cocaine Barbituates Anabolic steroids Ritalin Street methadone 4-mtr Amphetamine Khat Solvents Buprenorphine Heroin Ecstacy GHB LSD Tobacco Cannabis Benzodiazepines

TOP 20 DRUGS

1. HEROIN

2. COCAINE

3. BARBITURATES

4. STREET METHADONE

5. ALCOHOL

6. KETAMINE

TOP 20 DRUGS

7. BENZODIAZEPINES

8. AMPHETAMINE

9. TOBACCO

10. BUPRENORPHINE

11. CANNABIS

12. SOLVENTS

13. 4-MTA

TOP 20 DRUGS

14. LSD

15. RITALIN

16. ANABOLIC STEROIDS

17. GHB

18. ECSTASY

19. ALKYL NITRATES

20. KHAT

SHETLAND’S PROBLEM DRUGS

HEROIN

ALCOHOL

BENZODIAZEPINES

CANNABIS

Cocaine

HEROINClass A drug. Originally used as a painkiller and derived fromthe opium poppy..

ALCOHOLSubject to increasing concern from the medical profession about itsdamage to health.

BenzodiazepinesClass C. A hypnotic relaxant used to treat anxiety and insomnia. Includes drugs such as diazepam, temazepam and nitrazepam.

CANNABISClass B. A psychoactive drug recently appearing in stronger forms such as "skunk". The subject of intense controversy over its long-term effects and capacity for inducing schizophrenia. 0 deaths ever directly attributed to cannabis use.

NUMBER 2 - COCAINE

Class A. Stimulant produced from the South American coca leaf.

STATISTICS

• 166 problem drinkers

• 124 problem drug users

• 89 problem heroin users

• 132 new problem substance users

Stepping stones to change

• Preventative work

• Harm minimisation

• Problem drug and alcohol use

• Families Affected By

• Newly problem drug and alcohol free

• Ex problem users

69 YOUNG PEOPLE (under 25)

3330

1

5

1416

33

1 1

53

32

26

3 3

0

10

20

30

40

50

60

Own Substance Misuse Issues

CADSS Client's Own Substance Misuse Issue Profile

Opiates

Benzos

Over the Counter Meds

Legal Prescribed Drugs

Illegal Prescribed Drugs

Stimmulants

Cannabis

Hallucinogenics

Volitile Sub. (Glue/Gas)

Alcohol

Poly Drug Use

IV Injecting

IV Injecting Injury

Child Protection

67 YOUNG PEOPLE (under 25)

48

34

4

1

25

18

35

1 1

51

32

38

108

0

10

20

30

40

50

60

Own Substance Misuse Issues

CADSS Client's Own Substance Misuse Issue ProfileOpiates

Benzos

Over the Counter Meds

Legal Prescribed Drugs

Illegal Prescribed Drugs

Stimmulants

Cannabis

Hallucinogenics

Volitile Sub. (Glue/Gas)

Alcohol

Poly Drug Use

IV Injecting

IV Injecting Injury

Child Protection

Early alcohol/drug use

REASON’S FOR YP USING HEROIN?

• “I had no idea it would be so addictive”

And/or:

• “I was drunk”

School-Based Drug Education

• Information based approaches

• Affective approaches – including enhancement of interpersonal and communication skills and self-esteem

• Information based plus affective approaches

• Psychosocial approaches – including peer refusal skills and life skills training

• Alternative approaches – provision of drug-free activities

Are young people simply ‘doing what we did’?

• They begin drinking earlier• They drink more, more often• They now drink spirits

VODKA:• The spirit of choice for our young women• Vodka advertising of e.g., Absolute or Alcopops

responsible for 14,900 increase in vodka sales in 20 years and 20% rise in 5 years in UK

• As alcohol sales have fallen, sale of vodka is on the rise

Different effects of alcohol in adults and adolescents

• Young people are more susceptible to effects related to learning and memory (blackouts)

• Are less likely to be affected by the sedation effects caused by alcohol

• Young people are far more likely to experience complete absence of memory with no possibility of retrieval

• Young people are able to drink for longer than adults

How do we assist young people?

If we really want to make a difference we are going to have to change community attitudes:

• If young people are getting different messages from parents and others it is not going to be effective

• Pouring money into the ‘youth alcohol issue’ is not going to make any difference if parents continue inappropriate use of alcohol (or drugs)

ATTRIBUTES OF YOUNG PEOPLE

Some of the attributes of young people that affect how we work with them include:

• Remember, their brains have not fully developed and in essence, they are ‘missing’ a part of their brain

• They feel they will live forever and can take risks without consequences

• They don’t believe what happens to others will happen to them

• They have a limited attention span and a different concept of time

• They lack experience of communal responsibility

SUMMARY

• Young people are not a homogenous group –different ages, cultural groups, socio-economic status

• We are still learning about the adolescent brain and young people’s capacity to understand risk and so......

• We need to rethink the way we have provided messages to young people – how do they see the world? What messages are they likely to accept?

Home Work Family

Friends Alcohol/Drugs Children

Physical/Mental Health Money Relationship

CADSS SERVICES

• ONE-TO-ONE SUPPORT

• COUNSELLING

• CARE PLANNING

• DAY PROGRAMME and ACTIVITIES PROGRAMME

• AFTERCARE SERVICES

• EDUCATION IN MOST OF SHETLAND SCHOOLS

• DRUG AND ALCOHOL AWARENESS TRAINING

• OUTREACH

• NEEDLE EXCHANGE SERVICE

• GROUP WORK

• FAMILY SUPPORT GROUP

CADSS SERVICES

• FAMILY SUPPORT SERVICE

• STRATEGIC PLANNING GROUPS

• YOUNG PERSON’S SERVICES

• AWARENESS RAISING

• RESEARCH

• SHARED-CARE PRESCRIBING SERVICES

• PARTNERSHIP WORKING/LIAISON

• PRE AND POST TEST HEP AND HIV COUNSELLI NG

• BLOOD BORNE VIRUS TRAINING

• DRUG TREATMENT AND TESTING ORDERS

• DRUG AND ALCOHOL TESTING