presentation outline - camprosa · police brutality can be defined as the use of any force...
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Presentation Outline
• Overall crime situation
• Business reports on crime
• Violent crime
• Commercial crime
• Public violence
• Police criminality & brutality
• National Development Plan (NDP)
SAPS: 20 most serious crimes recorded
0
500000
1000000
1500000
2000000
2500000
3000000
Violent interpersonal crime Robbery Property crime Other
Grant Thornton International Business ReportCrime survey: 2007 - July 2013
84
72
64
55
46
52
61
0
10
20
30
40
50
60
70
80
90
2007\08 2008\09 2009\10 2010\11 2011\12 2012\13 2013\14
%
In the past 12 months have you, your family or staff been affected by the threat to personal security?
The Retail Industry
(Armed Robberies & Burglaries)
Crime type 2008/09 2009/10 2010/11 2011/12 2012/13 %
Armed Robberies(Incidents)
282 159 139 153 209 + 36%
Armed Robberies(Financial loss)
R19,36m R10,03m R8,100,610m R8,186,211m R13,674,754m + 67%
Burglaries(Incidents)
426 311 298 243 241 -
Burglary(Financial loss)
R19,97m R10,07 R8,627,446m R8,916,495m R8,358,167m -
Consumer Goods Risk Initiative (CGRI)
Shopping centres
(Including retailers and jewellers)
Crime type 2011/12 2012/13 %
Armed Robberies(Incidents)
274 438 + 60%
Armed Robberies(Financial loss)
R20,545,924m R38,713,795m + 88%
Burglaries(Incidents)
144 125 - 13%
Burglary(Financial loss)
R3,865, 961m R4,688,976m +21%
Consumer Goods Risk Initiative (CGRI)
Crime types
Red = increase
Blue = decrease
2010/11 2011/12 2012/13
House robbery
Business robbery
Vehicle hijacking
---------------------------------
Vehicle theft
Business burglary
House burglary
4 – 21%
19 – 28%
19 – 31%
--------------------------
8 – 17%
5 – 9%
4 – 12%
3 – 7%
2 – 34%
17 – 22%
-------------------------
3 – 22%
2 – 13%
6 - 3%
13 – 47%
2 – 25%
8 – 22%
--------------------------
2 – 9%
2 – 19%
2 – 12%
Insurance industry(Insurance claims - various companies)
South African Insurance Crime Bureau (SAICB)
66.9 67.9
62.859.9 59.8
52.549.8
47.8 47.442.7
40.0 38.9 39.8 37.8 36.633.5
31.3 30.3 31.1
69.4 68.170.8 68.3
70.1
65.5 64.4
70.2
78.9
64.8
52.1
43.1 41.738.4
36.9 34.730.4 28.8
31.3
0
10
20
30
40
50
60
70
80
90
Murder Att Murder
Total number of people murdered:
- 2009/10: 16 834- 2010/11: 15 940 - 2011/12: 15 609- 2012/13: 16 259
Murder & attempted murder(Rates per 100 000)
Aggravated robbery(Rate per 100 000)
220
196
164
177
220
230
260262
279288.1
269.7
251.3
262.2
241.9
244.9
226.5
199.4
196.2
202.6
0
50
100
150
200
250
300
350
9990
17950
16377
7
145943
60262
Car hijacking
House robbery
Bus robbery
Bank robbery
CIT
Truck hijacking
Street robbery
5498
3677
3320
4387
6689
9862
13920
14534
14667
15951
16377
1469113793
12434
1282513599
14201 14915
13902
10627
9475
9990
9063
9351 9391
10173
12761
14481
18438 18786
16889 1676617950
0
2000
4000
6000
8000
10000
12000
14000
16000
18000
20000
Business robberies Car hijackings House robberies
Trio crime trends
Bank & Cash-In-Transit robberies
561
463
493
450
469
356
127
54 5859
129144
102
93 39 357
359
236 223 226
196
238
374
192 220
383
467
395386
358
291
201
145
0
100
200
300
400
500
600
Bank robbery CIT
ATM attacks/bombings
8 10
139
431
387
247
399
261
214
0
50
100
150
200
250
300
350
400
450
500
2004\05 2005\06 2006\07 2007\08 2008\09 2009\10 2010\11 2011\12 2012\13
Commercial crimeReported cases
55 869 53 93154 214
61 690
65 286
77 47484 842
88 388 88 05091569
71 888
66 525 64 491 65 48966 992
80 773
88 634
78 383
71 848
71309
0
10 000
20 000
30 000
40 000
50 000
60 000
70 000
80 000
90 000
100 000
Commercial crime Shoplifting
Annual Report of the Financial Intelligence Centre (FIC) for 2012/13:
The FIC has told Parliament that the number of suspicious financial transactions in SA in 2012-13 increased by 176% compared with the previous financial year. FIC director Murray Michell, said the 147 744 suspicioustransactions referred by the FIC to law enforcement agencies represented a cash value of R78bn. This is significantly up from the R6.3bn referred in 2011-12.
Illicit financial flows have become a topic of growing international concern and according to Michell the indicators of money laundering include:
• purchase of high-end goods and properties through attorneys;
• the abuse of businesses and entities such as using a shell company for receipt and distribution of funds; and
• dormant accounts that suddenly received large deposits and rapid
withdrawals.
Business Day, 1 October 2013, Sharp rise in suspect money deals
Commercial crimeSuspicious financial transactions
Peaceful incidents Crowd related assemblies, gatherings & meetings
Unrest incidents Crowd related actions resulting in violence
7913
11680
10744 10517
994 971 11941882
0
2000
4000
6000
8000
10000
12000
14000
2009\10 2010\11 2011\12 2012\13
Peaceful incidents Unrest incidents
SAPS’ stats
PI’s = aver. 30 pd
UI’s = aver. 5 pd
UI’s increased 57% since 2011/12 & 89% since 2009/10
‘One element in defining a democratic society is a police
force that:
•is subject to the rule of law embodying values respectful of
human dignity, rather than the wishes of a powerful leader
or party;
•can intervene in the life of citizens only under limited and
carefully controlled circumstances; and
•is publicly accountable’
Gary T. Marx, Police and Democracy, in M. Amir and S. Einstein (eds.) Policing, Security and Democracy: Theory and Practice, vol. 2
Policing a democracy (democratic policing)
Police brutality can be defined as the use of any force exceeding that
which is reasonably necessary to accomplish a lawful police purpose
Section 49 (2) of the Criminal Procedure Act, 1977 prescribes the use of
force during an arrest in the following words:
[if] the suspect cannot be arrested without the use of force, the
arrestor may, in order to effect the arrest, use such force as may be
reasonably necessary and proportional in the circumstances to
overcome the resistance or to prevent the suspect from fleeing
In the United States police brutality is explained as a civil rights
violation that occurs when a police officer acts with excessive force (i.e.
using an amount of force with regards to a civilian that is more than
necessary)
Police brutalityWhat is it?
Mido Macia (Feb 2013)
Morgan Mohlala (March 2013)
Vaalwater - 2012
More ‘subtle’ techniques?(Pepper spraying of protestors at Univ of California – Nov 2011)
755
681
671 585
528714 652 621 698
792912 860
797720639
764
554 531
1002
1473
1731
1643
1787
21012289
2462
2493
2320
0
500
1000
1500
2000
2500
3000
Deaths in police custody & from police action Criminal cases against police
Independent Police Investigative Directorate(Annual Reports)
April 2010
363%
72%
639764
554 531
1002
1473
1731
1643
1787
21012289 2462
2493
2320
441
671494
416
565
745
971 944
1002
1401
1578
16721844
1722
0
500
1000
1500
2000
2500
3000
Criminal cases against police Brutality related cases
April 2010
301%
Independent Police Investigative Directorate(Annual Reports)
363%
The IPID Statistical Report (investigative activities)
Incidents investigated (deaths in brackets) 2011/12 2012/13 2012/13 Tot 2012/13
SAPS MPS
Deaths in police custody 232 275 - 275
Deaths as a result of police action 488 415 16 431 (485)
Complaints of discharge of off. firearms - 641 29 670
Rape by police officer (on/off duty) 40 141 5 146
Rape in police custody 5 22 - 22
Complaints of torture 80 50 - 50
Complaints of assault (all types) 1223 4047 84 4131
Corruption (complaints or initiated) 122 116 4 120
Other criminal matters 927 677 26 703
Misconduct 1795 46 1 47
Systemic corruption 11 6 - 6
Non-compliance with section 29 - 127 - 127
Total 4923 6728
The National Development Plan (NDP)
The NDP recommends the professionalisation of the police by:
• Including a Code of Conduct in the disciplinary regulations and performance appraisal system & by conducting periodic checks on the level of understanding and practice of the Code
• Developing a code of professional & ethical police practice and by training and testing members on their understanding (failure to pass should lead to suspension or dismissal)
• Establishing a National Policing Board with multi-sectoral and multi-disciplinary expertise to set standards for recruitment, selection, appointment and promotion
• Conducting a competency assessment on all officers and ratingthem accordingly (not linked to ranks)
The National Development Plan (NDP)
Continued:
•In the next 5 years a two-stream system should be developed to create high calibre officers & recruits (Non-commissioned officer and officer streams) to be trained as professionals
•There should be objective testing based on set standards/criteriaand recruitment to officers’ stream should be followed by further training and testing
•The National Commissioner and Deputies should be appointed by the President only on recommendations by a selection panel that would select & interview candidates against objective criteria
•More focus on training for professionalism (detectives; spec units; operational planning; community policing; etc)
