presentation on lng bunkering aapa facilities …aapa.files.cms-plus.com › 2019seminars ›...
TRANSCRIPT
![Page 1: Presentation on LNG Bunkering AAPA Facilities …aapa.files.cms-plus.com › 2019Seminars › FacilitiesEng › George...Presentation on LNG Bunkering AAPA Facilities Engineering Panel](https://reader034.vdocuments.site/reader034/viewer/2022042322/5f0ccc367e708231d4372e52/html5/thumbnails/1.jpg)
Presentation on LNG Bunkering
AAPA Facilities Engineering
Panel IX: LNG TerminalsApril 26, 2019
![Page 2: Presentation on LNG Bunkering AAPA Facilities …aapa.files.cms-plus.com › 2019Seminars › FacilitiesEng › George...Presentation on LNG Bunkering AAPA Facilities Engineering Panel](https://reader034.vdocuments.site/reader034/viewer/2022042322/5f0ccc367e708231d4372e52/html5/thumbnails/2.jpg)
George McGregor, PEVice President, HDR
Engineering, Inc. [email protected]
D904.360.5974 / M904.838.2732
INTRODUCTION
![Page 3: Presentation on LNG Bunkering AAPA Facilities …aapa.files.cms-plus.com › 2019Seminars › FacilitiesEng › George...Presentation on LNG Bunkering AAPA Facilities Engineering Panel](https://reader034.vdocuments.site/reader034/viewer/2022042322/5f0ccc367e708231d4372e52/html5/thumbnails/3.jpg)
HDR Fast Facts
LNG as a Marine Fuel
LNG Bunker
Operations
LNG Bunkering in
Jacksonville, FL
![Page 4: Presentation on LNG Bunkering AAPA Facilities …aapa.files.cms-plus.com › 2019Seminars › FacilitiesEng › George...Presentation on LNG Bunkering AAPA Facilities Engineering Panel](https://reader034.vdocuments.site/reader034/viewer/2022042322/5f0ccc367e708231d4372e52/html5/thumbnails/4.jpg)
▪ Founded in 1917
▪ More than 9,900 employee-owners across
200+ locations worldwide
▪ Projects in all 50 states and in 60 countries
▪ Operations in 8 countries
▪ Approximately 800 staff in Florida
▪ ENR No. 6 in Marine & Port Facilities
▪ LNG services over 20 years
HDR FAST FACTS
![Page 5: Presentation on LNG Bunkering AAPA Facilities …aapa.files.cms-plus.com › 2019Seminars › FacilitiesEng › George...Presentation on LNG Bunkering AAPA Facilities Engineering Panel](https://reader034.vdocuments.site/reader034/viewer/2022042322/5f0ccc367e708231d4372e52/html5/thumbnails/5.jpg)
![Page 6: Presentation on LNG Bunkering AAPA Facilities …aapa.files.cms-plus.com › 2019Seminars › FacilitiesEng › George...Presentation on LNG Bunkering AAPA Facilities Engineering Panel](https://reader034.vdocuments.site/reader034/viewer/2022042322/5f0ccc367e708231d4372e52/html5/thumbnails/6.jpg)
WHY LNG AS A MARINE FUEL?
![Page 7: Presentation on LNG Bunkering AAPA Facilities …aapa.files.cms-plus.com › 2019Seminars › FacilitiesEng › George...Presentation on LNG Bunkering AAPA Facilities Engineering Panel](https://reader034.vdocuments.site/reader034/viewer/2022042322/5f0ccc367e708231d4372e52/html5/thumbnails/7.jpg)
October 27th, 2016 – IMO announces that
the MEPC (Marine Environmental Protection
Committee) agreed to a 0.5% global sulfur
cap on Marine Fuel commencing January 1st,
2020
▪ IMO cast aside concerns as to shortage of
fuel to meet new cap
▪ Existing ECA’s (including North American)
will stay in place
o N. American ECA has 0.1% sulfur cap
▪ Only exception to this limit are those
vessels with abatement (scrubbing
technology)
INTERNATIONAL MARITIME ORGANIZATION -0.5% GLOBAL SULFUR CAP
7
Emission Containment Area (ECA) – North America
7
![Page 8: Presentation on LNG Bunkering AAPA Facilities …aapa.files.cms-plus.com › 2019Seminars › FacilitiesEng › George...Presentation on LNG Bunkering AAPA Facilities Engineering Panel](https://reader034.vdocuments.site/reader034/viewer/2022042322/5f0ccc367e708231d4372e52/html5/thumbnails/8.jpg)
MARINE FUEL SUPPLY BALANCE POST 2020
Source : MECL (Marine Energy Consulting Limited)
88
![Page 9: Presentation on LNG Bunkering AAPA Facilities …aapa.files.cms-plus.com › 2019Seminars › FacilitiesEng › George...Presentation on LNG Bunkering AAPA Facilities Engineering Panel](https://reader034.vdocuments.site/reader034/viewer/2022042322/5f0ccc367e708231d4372e52/html5/thumbnails/9.jpg)
WHERE IS THE BREAKEVEN BETWEEN LNG AND MGO?
99
![Page 10: Presentation on LNG Bunkering AAPA Facilities …aapa.files.cms-plus.com › 2019Seminars › FacilitiesEng › George...Presentation on LNG Bunkering AAPA Facilities Engineering Panel](https://reader034.vdocuments.site/reader034/viewer/2022042322/5f0ccc367e708231d4372e52/html5/thumbnails/10.jpg)
▪ LNG is natural gas (95% methane) that has been cleaned and cooled to -260F. By doing so, it
has 1/600th of the volume of ambient gas. Thus lots of gas in a small volume
▪ LNG burns cleanly - emits 85% less nitrogen oxide (NOx) and sulfur oxides (SOx), 90% less
particulate matter compared to Heavy Fuel Oil
▪ Price is more stable than traditional bunker fuel oils.
o Currently, diesel somewhat cheaper on a $/BTU basis
▪ Safety
o A very narrow range of flammability in air (5%-15%) making it safe to handle on ships and at marine
terminals
WHAT IS LNG – WHY IT’S GOOD FOR SHIP FUEL
1010
![Page 11: Presentation on LNG Bunkering AAPA Facilities …aapa.files.cms-plus.com › 2019Seminars › FacilitiesEng › George...Presentation on LNG Bunkering AAPA Facilities Engineering Panel](https://reader034.vdocuments.site/reader034/viewer/2022042322/5f0ccc367e708231d4372e52/html5/thumbnails/11.jpg)
▪ Cruise Market
o Royal Caribbean - 2 ships
o MSC – 5 ships
o Carnival – 9 ships
o Disney – 3 ships
▪ Ferries
o Europe
o Canada – British Columbian ferries starting
Spring 2019
▪ Closed loop cargo routes
o Tote – Jacksonville to Puerto Rico – 2 ships
o Crowley – Jacksonville to Puerto Rico – 2 ships
o Returning to home base justifies investment in
LNG facilities
WHO’S DOING WHAT WITH LNG?
1111
![Page 12: Presentation on LNG Bunkering AAPA Facilities …aapa.files.cms-plus.com › 2019Seminars › FacilitiesEng › George...Presentation on LNG Bunkering AAPA Facilities Engineering Panel](https://reader034.vdocuments.site/reader034/viewer/2022042322/5f0ccc367e708231d4372e52/html5/thumbnails/12.jpg)
LNG BUNKER OPERATIONS
![Page 13: Presentation on LNG Bunkering AAPA Facilities …aapa.files.cms-plus.com › 2019Seminars › FacilitiesEng › George...Presentation on LNG Bunkering AAPA Facilities Engineering Panel](https://reader034.vdocuments.site/reader034/viewer/2022042322/5f0ccc367e708231d4372e52/html5/thumbnails/13.jpg)
▪ Bunker operations
o Shore/Pipeline-to-Ship (PTS)- requires LNG
plant and marine facility
o Truck-to-Ship (TTS) – common with new
installations, less capital investment
o Ship-to-Ship (STS)-requires marine facility
and bunker barge
o Portable tanks-ISO containers (40-foot lg.)
brought in by rail or truck
▪ Simultaneous Ops (fuelling while
discharging cargo)
LNG BUNKER OPERATIONS
1313
![Page 14: Presentation on LNG Bunkering AAPA Facilities …aapa.files.cms-plus.com › 2019Seminars › FacilitiesEng › George...Presentation on LNG Bunkering AAPA Facilities Engineering Panel](https://reader034.vdocuments.site/reader034/viewer/2022042322/5f0ccc367e708231d4372e52/html5/thumbnails/14.jpg)
LNG BUNKERING IN JACKSONVILLE, FL
![Page 15: Presentation on LNG Bunkering AAPA Facilities …aapa.files.cms-plus.com › 2019Seminars › FacilitiesEng › George...Presentation on LNG Bunkering AAPA Facilities Engineering Panel](https://reader034.vdocuments.site/reader034/viewer/2022042322/5f0ccc367e708231d4372e52/html5/thumbnails/15.jpg)
▪ JAXLNG: Northstar/Pivotal built an LNG
plant, pier and bunker barge for fueling
TOTE’s LNG cargo ships (waterside
bunkering)
▪ Eagle LNG: Eagle LNG built LNG
FACILITY at the JaxPort Talleyrand
Terminal to fuel Crowley ships dockside;
new LNG facility in Maxville, FL provides
LNG for this bunkering operation (shoreside
bunkering)
LNG BUNKERINGIN JACKSONVILLE, FL
15
![Page 16: Presentation on LNG Bunkering AAPA Facilities …aapa.files.cms-plus.com › 2019Seminars › FacilitiesEng › George...Presentation on LNG Bunkering AAPA Facilities Engineering Panel](https://reader034.vdocuments.site/reader034/viewer/2022042322/5f0ccc367e708231d4372e52/html5/thumbnails/16.jpg)
JAX LNGLNG PRODUCTION AND DISTRIBUTION SITE
(FUEL FOR 2 NEW TOTE MARITIME SHIPS)
16
![Page 17: Presentation on LNG Bunkering AAPA Facilities …aapa.files.cms-plus.com › 2019Seminars › FacilitiesEng › George...Presentation on LNG Bunkering AAPA Facilities Engineering Panel](https://reader034.vdocuments.site/reader034/viewer/2022042322/5f0ccc367e708231d4372e52/html5/thumbnails/17.jpg)
JAX LNG
• TECO/peoples gas feed
• 120,000 gallons per day liquefaction
• 2,000,000 mg LNG storage tank
• Pier for bunker barge loading
• Truck bays (2) for tanker truck loading
• On-site power generation (JEA grid backup)
• Power generation uses bog and feed
• Future expansion to 360,000 GPD and 4mg storage
17
![Page 18: Presentation on LNG Bunkering AAPA Facilities …aapa.files.cms-plus.com › 2019Seminars › FacilitiesEng › George...Presentation on LNG Bunkering AAPA Facilities Engineering Panel](https://reader034.vdocuments.site/reader034/viewer/2022042322/5f0ccc367e708231d4372e52/html5/thumbnails/18.jpg)
JAX LNGDUE DILIGENCE AND CAPEX BUDGETS
CERTAINTEED
GYPSUM
18
![Page 19: Presentation on LNG Bunkering AAPA Facilities …aapa.files.cms-plus.com › 2019Seminars › FacilitiesEng › George...Presentation on LNG Bunkering AAPA Facilities Engineering Panel](https://reader034.vdocuments.site/reader034/viewer/2022042322/5f0ccc367e708231d4372e52/html5/thumbnails/19.jpg)
▪ Barge for bunkering 2 Tote Maritime
LNG powered container ships
▪ Clean Jacksonville (barge)
o 232’ LOA, 49’ beam, 9.4’ draft fully
laden
o LNG storage 2,200 m3 (580,000 Gal)
1919
JAX LNGBUNKERING
![Page 20: Presentation on LNG Bunkering AAPA Facilities …aapa.files.cms-plus.com › 2019Seminars › FacilitiesEng › George...Presentation on LNG Bunkering AAPA Facilities Engineering Panel](https://reader034.vdocuments.site/reader034/viewer/2022042322/5f0ccc367e708231d4372e52/html5/thumbnails/20.jpg)
JAX LNGBUNKER BARGE
20
![Page 21: Presentation on LNG Bunkering AAPA Facilities …aapa.files.cms-plus.com › 2019Seminars › FacilitiesEng › George...Presentation on LNG Bunkering AAPA Facilities Engineering Panel](https://reader034.vdocuments.site/reader034/viewer/2022042322/5f0ccc367e708231d4372e52/html5/thumbnails/21.jpg)
JAX LNGMARINE LOADING ARMS (2)
21
![Page 22: Presentation on LNG Bunkering AAPA Facilities …aapa.files.cms-plus.com › 2019Seminars › FacilitiesEng › George...Presentation on LNG Bunkering AAPA Facilities Engineering Panel](https://reader034.vdocuments.site/reader034/viewer/2022042322/5f0ccc367e708231d4372e52/html5/thumbnails/22.jpg)
JAX LNGPIER RECONSTRUCTION
BUNKER BARGE
22
![Page 23: Presentation on LNG Bunkering AAPA Facilities …aapa.files.cms-plus.com › 2019Seminars › FacilitiesEng › George...Presentation on LNG Bunkering AAPA Facilities Engineering Panel](https://reader034.vdocuments.site/reader034/viewer/2022042322/5f0ccc367e708231d4372e52/html5/thumbnails/23.jpg)
JAX LNGBARGE HEADER OPERATIONAL ENVELOPE
23
![Page 24: Presentation on LNG Bunkering AAPA Facilities …aapa.files.cms-plus.com › 2019Seminars › FacilitiesEng › George...Presentation on LNG Bunkering AAPA Facilities Engineering Panel](https://reader034.vdocuments.site/reader034/viewer/2022042322/5f0ccc367e708231d4372e52/html5/thumbnails/24.jpg)
JAX LNGPIER PIPING AND INSTRUMENTATION
24
![Page 25: Presentation on LNG Bunkering AAPA Facilities …aapa.files.cms-plus.com › 2019Seminars › FacilitiesEng › George...Presentation on LNG Bunkering AAPA Facilities Engineering Panel](https://reader034.vdocuments.site/reader034/viewer/2022042322/5f0ccc367e708231d4372e52/html5/thumbnails/25.jpg)
JAX LNGSITE/CIVIL DEVELOPMENT
25
![Page 26: Presentation on LNG Bunkering AAPA Facilities …aapa.files.cms-plus.com › 2019Seminars › FacilitiesEng › George...Presentation on LNG Bunkering AAPA Facilities Engineering Panel](https://reader034.vdocuments.site/reader034/viewer/2022042322/5f0ccc367e708231d4372e52/html5/thumbnails/26.jpg)
JAX LNGFIRE/LIFE SAFETY
26
![Page 27: Presentation on LNG Bunkering AAPA Facilities …aapa.files.cms-plus.com › 2019Seminars › FacilitiesEng › George...Presentation on LNG Bunkering AAPA Facilities Engineering Panel](https://reader034.vdocuments.site/reader034/viewer/2022042322/5f0ccc367e708231d4372e52/html5/thumbnails/27.jpg)
JAX LNG16” WATER MAIN EXTENSION
27
![Page 28: Presentation on LNG Bunkering AAPA Facilities …aapa.files.cms-plus.com › 2019Seminars › FacilitiesEng › George...Presentation on LNG Bunkering AAPA Facilities Engineering Panel](https://reader034.vdocuments.site/reader034/viewer/2022042322/5f0ccc367e708231d4372e52/html5/thumbnails/28.jpg)
▪ Tote Maritime Temporary LNG Bunkering Station
JAXPORT’s Blount Island Marine Terminal
JAX LNGTEMPORARY BUNKERING
2828
![Page 29: Presentation on LNG Bunkering AAPA Facilities …aapa.files.cms-plus.com › 2019Seminars › FacilitiesEng › George...Presentation on LNG Bunkering AAPA Facilities Engineering Panel](https://reader034.vdocuments.site/reader034/viewer/2022042322/5f0ccc367e708231d4372e52/html5/thumbnails/29.jpg)
JAX LNG
29
![Page 30: Presentation on LNG Bunkering AAPA Facilities …aapa.files.cms-plus.com › 2019Seminars › FacilitiesEng › George...Presentation on LNG Bunkering AAPA Facilities Engineering Panel](https://reader034.vdocuments.site/reader034/viewer/2022042322/5f0ccc367e708231d4372e52/html5/thumbnails/30.jpg)
▪ Maxville LNG Plant
o 100,00GPD LNG Production Capacity
o 1M Gal LNG Storage Tank
EAGLE LNG
3030
![Page 31: Presentation on LNG Bunkering AAPA Facilities …aapa.files.cms-plus.com › 2019Seminars › FacilitiesEng › George...Presentation on LNG Bunkering AAPA Facilities Engineering Panel](https://reader034.vdocuments.site/reader034/viewer/2022042322/5f0ccc367e708231d4372e52/html5/thumbnails/31.jpg)
▪ Talleyrand Marine Terminal LNG
Bunkering Site
o 2 each 250,000 Gal LNG Storage Tanks
EAGLE LNGBUNKERING (SHORESIDE)
3131
![Page 32: Presentation on LNG Bunkering AAPA Facilities …aapa.files.cms-plus.com › 2019Seminars › FacilitiesEng › George...Presentation on LNG Bunkering AAPA Facilities Engineering Panel](https://reader034.vdocuments.site/reader034/viewer/2022042322/5f0ccc367e708231d4372e52/html5/thumbnails/32.jpg)
EAGLE LNGTALLEYRAND MARINE TERMINAL FUEL DEPOT
LNG Truck Offload Lane
Elevated Control Building
Pipe Trench
Fire WallNitrogen Tanks and
Process Equipment
LNG Tanks
LNG Transfer Unit
Containment Pit
32
![Page 33: Presentation on LNG Bunkering AAPA Facilities …aapa.files.cms-plus.com › 2019Seminars › FacilitiesEng › George...Presentation on LNG Bunkering AAPA Facilities Engineering Panel](https://reader034.vdocuments.site/reader034/viewer/2022042322/5f0ccc367e708231d4372e52/html5/thumbnails/33.jpg)
EAGLE LNGPHASE 1 – GET READY FOR TANK DELIVERY
LNG TANKS
33
![Page 34: Presentation on LNG Bunkering AAPA Facilities …aapa.files.cms-plus.com › 2019Seminars › FacilitiesEng › George...Presentation on LNG Bunkering AAPA Facilities Engineering Panel](https://reader034.vdocuments.site/reader034/viewer/2022042322/5f0ccc367e708231d4372e52/html5/thumbnails/34.jpg)
EAGLE LNGPILES FOR TANK SUPPORTS
34
![Page 35: Presentation on LNG Bunkering AAPA Facilities …aapa.files.cms-plus.com › 2019Seminars › FacilitiesEng › George...Presentation on LNG Bunkering AAPA Facilities Engineering Panel](https://reader034.vdocuments.site/reader034/viewer/2022042322/5f0ccc367e708231d4372e52/html5/thumbnails/35.jpg)
EAGLE LNG250,000 GALLON LNG STORAGE TANKS
35
![Page 36: Presentation on LNG Bunkering AAPA Facilities …aapa.files.cms-plus.com › 2019Seminars › FacilitiesEng › George...Presentation on LNG Bunkering AAPA Facilities Engineering Panel](https://reader034.vdocuments.site/reader034/viewer/2022042322/5f0ccc367e708231d4372e52/html5/thumbnails/36.jpg)
EAGLE LNGLOADING ONTO GOLDHOFER TRAILER
36
![Page 37: Presentation on LNG Bunkering AAPA Facilities …aapa.files.cms-plus.com › 2019Seminars › FacilitiesEng › George...Presentation on LNG Bunkering AAPA Facilities Engineering Panel](https://reader034.vdocuments.site/reader034/viewer/2022042322/5f0ccc367e708231d4372e52/html5/thumbnails/37.jpg)
EAGLE LNGHAULING TANK TO FOUNDATIONS
37
![Page 38: Presentation on LNG Bunkering AAPA Facilities …aapa.files.cms-plus.com › 2019Seminars › FacilitiesEng › George...Presentation on LNG Bunkering AAPA Facilities Engineering Panel](https://reader034.vdocuments.site/reader034/viewer/2022042322/5f0ccc367e708231d4372e52/html5/thumbnails/38.jpg)
EAGLE LNGLIFTING TANK WITH GANTRY SYSTEM
38
![Page 39: Presentation on LNG Bunkering AAPA Facilities …aapa.files.cms-plus.com › 2019Seminars › FacilitiesEng › George...Presentation on LNG Bunkering AAPA Facilities Engineering Panel](https://reader034.vdocuments.site/reader034/viewer/2022042322/5f0ccc367e708231d4372e52/html5/thumbnails/39.jpg)
EAGLE LNGNITROGEN TANKS
39
![Page 40: Presentation on LNG Bunkering AAPA Facilities …aapa.files.cms-plus.com › 2019Seminars › FacilitiesEng › George...Presentation on LNG Bunkering AAPA Facilities Engineering Panel](https://reader034.vdocuments.site/reader034/viewer/2022042322/5f0ccc367e708231d4372e52/html5/thumbnails/40.jpg)
EAGLE LNGCONTAINMENT PIT
40
![Page 41: Presentation on LNG Bunkering AAPA Facilities …aapa.files.cms-plus.com › 2019Seminars › FacilitiesEng › George...Presentation on LNG Bunkering AAPA Facilities Engineering Panel](https://reader034.vdocuments.site/reader034/viewer/2022042322/5f0ccc367e708231d4372e52/html5/thumbnails/41.jpg)
EAGLE LNGCONTAINMENT PIT SUMP
41
![Page 42: Presentation on LNG Bunkering AAPA Facilities …aapa.files.cms-plus.com › 2019Seminars › FacilitiesEng › George...Presentation on LNG Bunkering AAPA Facilities Engineering Panel](https://reader034.vdocuments.site/reader034/viewer/2022042322/5f0ccc367e708231d4372e52/html5/thumbnails/42.jpg)
EAGLE LNGCONTAINMENT PIT FLOOR
42
![Page 43: Presentation on LNG Bunkering AAPA Facilities …aapa.files.cms-plus.com › 2019Seminars › FacilitiesEng › George...Presentation on LNG Bunkering AAPA Facilities Engineering Panel](https://reader034.vdocuments.site/reader034/viewer/2022042322/5f0ccc367e708231d4372e52/html5/thumbnails/43.jpg)
EAGLE LNGPIPE TRENCH
43
![Page 44: Presentation on LNG Bunkering AAPA Facilities …aapa.files.cms-plus.com › 2019Seminars › FacilitiesEng › George...Presentation on LNG Bunkering AAPA Facilities Engineering Panel](https://reader034.vdocuments.site/reader034/viewer/2022042322/5f0ccc367e708231d4372e52/html5/thumbnails/44.jpg)
EAGLE LNGPIPE TRENCH AND CRANE BEAM REBUILD
44
![Page 45: Presentation on LNG Bunkering AAPA Facilities …aapa.files.cms-plus.com › 2019Seminars › FacilitiesEng › George...Presentation on LNG Bunkering AAPA Facilities Engineering Panel](https://reader034.vdocuments.site/reader034/viewer/2022042322/5f0ccc367e708231d4372e52/html5/thumbnails/45.jpg)
EAGLE LNGCRANE BEAM REBUILD
45
![Page 46: Presentation on LNG Bunkering AAPA Facilities …aapa.files.cms-plus.com › 2019Seminars › FacilitiesEng › George...Presentation on LNG Bunkering AAPA Facilities Engineering Panel](https://reader034.vdocuments.site/reader034/viewer/2022042322/5f0ccc367e708231d4372e52/html5/thumbnails/46.jpg)
EAGLE LNG
46
![Page 47: Presentation on LNG Bunkering AAPA Facilities …aapa.files.cms-plus.com › 2019Seminars › FacilitiesEng › George...Presentation on LNG Bunkering AAPA Facilities Engineering Panel](https://reader034.vdocuments.site/reader034/viewer/2022042322/5f0ccc367e708231d4372e52/html5/thumbnails/47.jpg)
▪ Shoreside Pro
• Low initial capital cost – Doesn’t require LNG barge for conventional waterside bunkering or LNG load out facility for the barge.
▪ Shoreside Con’s
• Bunkering restricts operations – Ship-to-Shore Cranes have restricted access to portions of the vessel, trucks need to drive around the bunkering station.
• Higher operating cost? – Trucks need to deliver LNG to the fuel depot.
• Infrastructure required in Container Yard –Facility occupies prime real estate, facility must be compact
SHORESIDEOR
WATERSIDE
![Page 48: Presentation on LNG Bunkering AAPA Facilities …aapa.files.cms-plus.com › 2019Seminars › FacilitiesEng › George...Presentation on LNG Bunkering AAPA Facilities Engineering Panel](https://reader034.vdocuments.site/reader034/viewer/2022042322/5f0ccc367e708231d4372e52/html5/thumbnails/48.jpg)
ELBA ISLAND
QUESTIONS