- Jayasmita Dutta

Genome Complete set of genetic informationDivided physically into chromosomes, functionally into genes.

Nucleic acids Molecules that encode genetic information. Nitrogenous bases + ribose molecules, linked by phosphodiester bonds. DNA, RNA

Chromosomes Independent physical unit that carries a DNA sequenceStorage units of genes

Gene Basic unit of genetic information Represents a specific proteinDetermine the traits

OO=P-OO

PhosphateGroup

NNitrogenous base(A, G, C, or T)

CH2

O

C1C4

C3 C2

5

Sugar(deoxyribose)

Nucleotide Structure

• Also known as polypeptides

• Organic compounds 

• Made of amino acids 

• Order of gene Protein Sequence

• Amino acids are joined together by the peptide bonds between the carboxyl and amino groups of adjacent amino acid residues

• 3 Nucleotides = a triplet or CODON (code for specific AMINO ACID)

Proteins

The Code of Life…

The “code” of the chromosome is the SPECIFIC ORDER that bases occur.

A T C G T A T G C G G…

Human Genome

• 46 chromosomes

• 22 pairs of chromosomes named autosomes.

• 2 sex chromosomes (X,Y):XY – in males.XX – in females.

MITOSIS

TRANSCRIPTION

TRANSLATION

DNA RECOMBINATION

DNA REPLICATION

MEIOSIS

MEIOSIS

DNA Replication Each strand of the original DNA serves as a

template for the new strand

DNA Recombination

rDNA Technology

PLASMIDS

• Extra-chromosomal, circular DNA

• Self-replicating

• Can carry up to 20000 base pairs of foreign DNA

cDNA

• A single-stranded DNA

• Synthesized from RNA by reverse transcription in vitro.

Principle of gene cloning:To insert the DNA of interest into a cloning vector which then replicates to produce many more copies.

Key issues:• Identification of the donor DNA, • Means to insert it into the vector, • Selection of the hybrid molecule that results from the

insertion,• The method of amplification.

CLONING

For any related queries, you can mail me at – jayasmitadutta@gmail.com