presentation on indian pol housing

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D E S I G N S E M I N A R -02SA119-02SA129

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• POL

Pol is a dense mass of two to three storeY building made porous by small house courts, public spaces and narrow streets.

Each pol has a well-defined boundary and an entrance gate. The houses are clustered around looped or dead-end streets and sub-streets. The land is used intensely with almost all plots fully covered without any margins. The houses are oriented towards internal private courtyard. The built form generates mostly positive open spaces.

• Pol is consist of -- built mass, -- different scale of open spaces and -- streets.

Built massStreets

Open spaces

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• EVOLUTION OF POL HOUSING IN AHMEDABAD

Pol housing in ahmedabad is not the result of one particular time but over the period of time various forces like political, material, socio-cultural aspects has evolved the form of pol.

1. POLITICAL FORCE

Instability and disordered life with insecurity in maratha period led to them the planning of pol.

2. SOCIO-CULTURAL FORCE

group of people of same caste or profession came together for greater interaction and formed a community to support each other.

3. CLIMATIC FORCE

the hot-dry climate of ahmedabad led to the compact wall to wall clustering of house forming narrow streets which remains shsded all the time.

4. MATERIAL AND TECHNOLOGY

stone and wood are the basic material due to its easy availability.

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• PRIMARY URBAN STRUCTURE OF AHMEDABAD

Primary urban structure is ruled by the river, the wall and internal network. the twelve gates on the fort wall lead streets to the centers, they are bhadra and manek chowk, the political & commercial centres.

The internal network of streets consists of commercial streets and poles formed by an arrangement of residential clusters. This suggests a system of urban spaces.

The systems of urban spaces is graded in the following manner : 1st order – bhadra – manek chowk, central axis 2nd order – chaklas near gates 3rd order – at the beginning of pols 4th order – choktha at inter – sections of pols. 5th order – falia in between the pol & khadki at the end of pol. 6th order – space internal to institutional or residence.

MANEK CHOWK

POLEBHADRA FORT

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• OPEN SPACES

There are different scale of open spaces in pol housing. With different scale and location of open spaces, the definition of that open space will differ.•Open spaces are connected with each other ,forming the heirarchy of open spaces.•Open spaces are used for different kind of activity as per location& scale of open spaces.

•Following are the different scale of open spaces. Manek chowk - city level open space Chakla – public interaction at urban level.Choktha – semi-public type of interaction at urban level.Khadki – private type of interaction at urban level.Chowk – private space.

MANEK CHOWK CHAKLA CHOKTHA KHADKEE CHOWK

•MANEK CHOWK

• OPEN SPACE AT CITY URBAN LEVEL.• MANEK CHOCK IS LOCATED ON MAIN AXIS OF BHADRA FORT.• THE CONTINOUS EDGE OF FOUR STOREY BUILT MASS OF THE SURROUNDING

HOUSES LEND THE OPEN SPACE SPATIAL DEFINATION AND HUMANE SCALE.• AT DAY TIME,AS THE MARKET SPACE & FOR PARKING AND AT NIGHT TIME BECOMES RECREATIONAL SPACE

WITH HAWKERS.

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DAY TIME

NIGHT TIME

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• public type of interaction at urban level.• This place is at the junction of three main

streets.• Mainly commercial activities are present

on periphery.• Retail trading by hawkers [mainly fruits &

vegetables] takes place in the centre.• Constant movement of people gives

higher public ness to this place.• Public services like public toilets & public

telephones are also provided in this area.

•CHAKLA

chakla

shops

shops

shops

Public toilet

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25m

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• STREET NETWORK

Street network consist of three

types of streets.

1. Main street

2. Distribution street

3. Access street

• MAIN STREET

Main streetDistribution street

Access street

PLAN OF MAIN STREET

SECTION OF MAIN STREET

Dwelling units

shops

Street bazaar

Dwelling units

shops

•Commercial &trade activities on main street•public type of interaction at urban level.•This space connects small open spaces.•Most of the main entrances of poles opens on this main street.

6m

9m

6m

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• DISTRIBUTION STREET

Distribution street connect the pol with the main street.

Distribution street are more local territorialized version of street bazaar.

Beside the commercial activities they also have other social facilities & utilities.

Commercial area is a part of a dwelling unit having single ownership.

The facilities and utilities depends on local context and life-style of house-hold.


9m

4.5m

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ACCESS STREET

Access streets connects the semiprivate open spaces ( khadki) with distribution street.

Entries to the dwelling units are given from the access street and the khadki.

When entry to the dwelling unit is from access street, it is also used for household activities and utilities.

9m

3.0m

* CHOKTHA

• Courtyard space at the junction of street is called ‘choktha’.• This place highlights semi-public type of interaction at urban level.• This place is at the meeting point of three subordinate streets, connecting

main streets.• Here also daily activities like parking, washing clothes, etc.take place on the side & occasional activities take place in the centre.• Commercial activities take place in the approach from main street.• The typical structure called ‘chabutaro’ placed in the centre of the ‘choktha’ is a focal point.

shops

choktha

Dwelling units

Dwelling units

Dwelling units

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15 m

•KHADKI•It is the semi private space.

•A narrow approach from street leads to the typical entrance gate of this place.

•Organization of this place consists of squarish courtyard space in the middle, & on the two sides the dwelling units faces each other. One side is the entrance gate & the other side is the buildings of shorter span used for storage & stairs.

•summer this place is used for sleeping.

• This space is used for parking. Separate wash area called ‘chokdi’ space. so interaction between neighbors is much more in this space.

•This space is strongly enclosed and defines itself from the street by the gateway.

Wash area in khadki

Plan of khadki

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parking in khadki

Entry to the khadki

• “a house in a pol is group of dwelling units packed in a row.”

• The houses are deep with narrow frontage which opens into narrow street or semi-private open space.

• Its longer sides shared wall with adjoining house which do not allow any kinds of openings.

• Pol houses represents strong linear arrangement & organization.

• The houses in pol are mainly three storey structure covering all the plot area available as permitable f.s.i. is 3.0

• The facade treatment of each unit defers from each other, highlighting the individuality

• Minimize the surface area of house which is responding public space or street for security and privacy.

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• Evolution of pol house formP

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GD E S I G N S E M I N A R -02SA119-02SA129

Gate is provided in the entry of the semi-private open space

• In maratha period, insecurity & instability lead to the planning of pol ,so fortress kind high density planning was done.

1. Single space unit organized around the common open space

sectionUnit semi-private unit open space

plan

2. Division of single space due to - increased in family & their

profession & privacy and need of work space

Cluster of 6 unit

Cluster of 6 unit section

plan

Unit semi-private unit open space

Semi-public space

Semi-private space

Private space

• Evolution of pol house formP

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3. Open space becomes the central space for light & ventilation also acts as a transition space between semi-public & public spaces

section

semi-private private open space open space

plan

D E S I G N S E M I N A R

semi-private private open unitopen space space

4. Due to the mixing of cast in one cluster concept of private open space introduced.

plan section

Semi-public

space

Semi-private

space

Private

space

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• TYPES OF HOUSE FORM, DUE TO THE PYSICAL LOCATION

1. HOUSE ALONG THE STREET

2. HOUSE AT A JUNCTION

3. HOUSE FACING STREET AND SEMI-OPEN SPACES

•THE NARROW FAÇADE OPENS INTO THE STREET,THREE WALLS ARE SHARED WITH ADJUSTANT PROPERTY.

•PRIVACY IS MORE

•OPEN SPACE ACTS AS LIGHT WELL & VENT SHAFT

•TWO FACADES ARE FACING THE STREET,SO LIGHT & ventilation is more

•Privacy is decreased

•need for open space acts more as socio-cultural activity than as the light well & vent shaft

•ENTRY TO THE HOUSE IS FROM SEMI-PUBLIC SPACE & THE BACK FAÇADE IS FACING THE STREET.

•COMMERCIAL CAN BE PROVIDED ON STREET SIDE.

• Spatial elements of pol house• Otta: - front part of the house which connects house to the street or semi-public open space. - it is used for sitting , generates interaction between the neighbors.

• Khadkee - semi-private space which receives strangers & guests. - staircase is provided in this part.

• Chowk - central open to sky space, which connects all the activities in the house.

- it serves as the light well & ventilation shaft.

• Osri - the semi-open space around chowk is known as osri.

• Parsal - semi-open passage which is used by the women for multipurpose activities

- kitchen is provided in parsal, if house is narrow

• anciliary activities

- pooja room, paniyaru, bathroom, kitchen is provided around the chowk in semi-open space.

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chowkkhadkee

parsalotta ordo

Ground floor plan

Street semi-open space open space semi-open space enclosed

• Agasi or lobby - semi-open or open spaces provided ,overlooking to the chowk. Also protects the ordo from direct sunlight. • ordo - It is used as bedroom.

• Baithak

- the space above the otta & khadkee is called baithak.it is used as guest room or family room

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ordo

First floor plan

ordo

Ground floor plan First floor plan

Heirarchial order in type of spaces remains constant in a sequantial manner from the street.

baithak

space

Semi-public space

Semi-private space

Private space

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Ground floor plan

first floor plan

second floor plan

section

WHEN THE UNIT IS FACING DISTRIBUTER STREET AS WELL AS SEMI-PUBLIC SPACE, THE ENTRY IS PROVIDED FROM SEMI-PUBLIC SPACE FOR SECURITY & PRIVACY PURPOSE- UNDER GROUND WATER TANK IS PROVIDED UNDER THE FLOOR OF THE CHOWK.

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Climatic consideration in house form

Chowk-private open space

Public open space

•Three walls are common,so reduces surface area exposed to the sun. only shorter façade is open for light & ventilation•Chowk provides porousity to the built mass.It also gives sense of openness.

•Chowk provides more surface area responding to the open space for light & ventilation

•Chowk also acts as vent shaft sucks the hot air from the house ,providing thermal comfort in hot-dry climate.

•The balcony & projections acts as a buffer protecting inner spaces from direct sunlight & hot winds.

•Wood & stone as a material also helps in maintaining comfort level.

•Use of jali also provides protection from hot wind.

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Arrangement of open space in house form

•Width is less

•open space along the longer side

•Inner most space ordo cannot get sufficient light, so it is more used as storeroom.

•Open space acts as light well & ventilation shaft

•Open space along the common wall

•Need of Open space is not as light well or vent shaft

•It is more interaction space for family

•Cross ventilation from two side walls

•Width is more

•Open space in middle gives more flexibility in arrangement of ancillary spaces.

•Providing built form on both the side gives more spaces benefit of open space.

•Open space in middle connects all the activities and act as a focus point.

•Light & ventilation is highest as two sides are also open.

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Variation in spaces around the open spaces

•Spaces which have maximum activity are arranged around the open space and near to street for more light and ventilation.

•Kitchen, paniyaru, pooja room, bathroom are provided around the open space.

•Factors affecting arrangment of spaces around open spaces

•Width of house

•Users personalization

•Social& cultural forces

•Size of open space

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Services

• All the service areas are provided around the open space & near to the street because of the restrictions of material & technology.

• Toilets are provided near to the street for easy services as they are provided in later parts in most of the cases. Position of toilet depends on personal & social factors.

• Bathrooms are provided on the upper levels, near to the street or open area.

•Entry to the toilet from the otla

•If joint family and different users at different levels

•Approached internally from khadki

•When family is nuclear.

•It is provided in the khadki

•Most of the times when house form is at junction

toilet

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Size and proportion of house formPole houses has some scale & proportions.

The ratio between the depth of house[x] and frontage[y] varies most

X:1.5y to 3.6y

Depth[x] & height[h] ratio

X:1.5h to 1.6h

Variation in Height & frontage ratio leads to the difference in proportion of facades

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• DOOR & WINDOW• DOOR WITH SQUARE AND RECTANGULAR PANELS BREAK MONOTONY OF

THE FAÇADE• WINDOWS WERE RECCESED WITH JALI WORK FOR PRIVACY AND

CLIMATICALY IT CUTS DOWN THE INTENSE HOT WIND ENTERING THE HOUSE.

Section through distribution street

Section through access street

Sill level is around 1.5m from the road level.gives lower degree of privacy.

Sill level is around 1.7to2.0m allowing only one way movement. gives higher degree of privacy.

DOOR PLACEMENT

•GIVES MORE PRIVACY

•USABLE AREA IS LESS

•USABLE AREA IS MORE

•PRIVACY IS NOT MAINTAINED ON AXIS

•SPACE IS DIVIDED INTO TWO PARTS

•PRIVACY IS LESS.

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• CONSTRUCTION TECHNOLOGY

• STONE & WOOD WERE BASIC MATERIAL DUE TO AVAIBILITY OF THE MATERIAL.• WOODEN SKELETON WAS INFILLED WITH

STONE OR MUD MASONARY.• ALL FACADES WERE FINISHED WITH WOODEN

PANELS WHICH MADE THE SUPER STRUCTURE LIGHTER.

• WOODEN STRUCTURE WAS PREFERRED DUE TO ITS WEATHER RESISTANCE AND LOW MAINTANANCE.

TYPICAL WALL SECTION

•LOAD BEARING WALLS AND POST-BEAM CONSTRUCTION

•SPANNING IS DONE ON NARROW SIDE

•IN FRONT PART POST & BEAM CONSTRUCTION WITH WOODEN BRACKETS ARE USED

GROUND FLOOR PLAN

FIRST FLOOR PLAN

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• FAÇADE TREATMENT

• THE FAÇADE OF THE POL HOUSE - STREET FAÇADE - CHOWK FAÇADE• THEY WERE IN WOOD WITH EXQUISITE

CARVINGS DEPICTING RELIGIOUS SYMBOLES, FLORAL MOTIVES AND GEOMETRIC PATTERNS.

• BALCONIES WERE SUPPORTED BY THE WOODEN BRACKETS WHICH WERE CARVED.

• FAÇADE ELEMENTS LIKE BEAM, BRACKETS, COLUMNS,DOOR & WINDOW CARVING GIVE THE INDIVIDUALITY TO EACH DWELLING.

• THE COLLONADES ARE THE INTEGRAL PART OF STREET FAÇADE, BRACKETS AND COLUMNS REDUCE THE VISUAL SCALE.

• THE ARRANGEMENT OF WINDOWS IN THE FRONTAGE BRINGS THE HORIZONTALITY BREAKING THE VERTICALITY OF COLLONADES.

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• CONCLUSION

POL HOUSING HAS ADVANTAGES LIKE

•CLIMATE

•HEIRARCHY OF OPEN SPACES WHICH ARE ACTIVELY USED BECAUSE OF ITS SCALE &PROPORTION

•INDIVIDUALITY TO EACH HOUSE STILL CONTINUATY IN FAÇADE

TREATEMENT

•PRIVACY & SECURITY

CIRCUMSTANCES IN PRESENSE LEADS TO THE

• TRAFFIC PROBLEM

• NEW CONSTRUCTION MATERIAL & TECHNOLOGY LEADS TO THE DISCONTINUITY IN FAÇADE,SCALE & PROPORTION OF POL HOUSING

presentation on indian pol housing

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