presentation on automation and plc programming
TRANSCRIPT
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AUTOMATIONWhat is automation?
To analyze and control all the process parameters in
the plant by the help of automation devices.
What is an automation device?
Automation device is a system !hich on the basis of
information fed in it performs predefined actions!ith a bearin" on its environment
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Analo"y !ith an automotive vehicle
AUTOMOBILE AUTOMATION DEVICE
#ehicle
$river%s &yeAccelerator 'addle
&n"ine
(asoline
$river%s )rain$ash board
Machine or Installation
$etector *ensor'o!er control +ontactor s!itch
Actuator
'o!er supply
'rocessin" system calculation , decision$ialo" interface $isplay
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&-amples of automation device components
Installation:A Tan/
Sensors:'hotoelectric
*ensors
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Actuator:Motor
Power control:
+ontactor s!itch
Processing syste0+ontroller
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#isualization0$isplay
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.
The actuators allow actions to be performed on the system.
These are pumps, cylinders, engines, etc
The actuators
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Power control
To provide the power necessary for the actuators and act as intermediary with the data
processing system, specific devices are necessary. These are power control systems
: contactors, circuit breakers, relays, etc.
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The Human/Machine Interface
All automated systems must be monitored or controlled by a human operator.
For this, the following devices are needed:
Push buttons
Interface terminals
isplay units
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$ata 'rocessin" *ystem
The brain of the installation
is the data processin" system.
It reads the input status of theinputs then e-ecute the
pro"ram accordin" to the
lo"ic and then ta/e the action
on the outputs
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*tructure of a 'ro"rammable +ontroller
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The +'U or 'rocessor
The +'U or processor
constitutes the motor or master
ceremonies of the controller.
The +'U 1eads the sensor values
&-ecute the pro"ram !ith the
data contained in the memory.
Writes the outputs connected to
the actuators
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The Memory
The controller memory contains
the pro"ram to be e-ecuted but
also the data used by the pro"ram
2timer values monostable valuescounter values etc.3
This is !here all the data
contained in the controller is
stored. Without a memory
controller cannot operate.
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The input4output interface
The input4output
interface is used to
transfer the status of the
sensors of the
controller.
It is also used to send
the commands to the
actuators e.". relayscontactors etc.
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The 'o!er *upply
The controller is anactive device. Theelectrical supply that
converts alternatin"current 2A+3 line volta"eto various operational$+ values. In the
process the po!er
supply filters andre"ulates the $+volta"es to ensure propercomputer operation.
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The communication module
The pro"ram !hich
is created on the
computer is
transferred to the
controller !ith the
help of
communication
module.
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What is a )it?Bit:)it is an abbreviation of binary di"it
Bfrom binary Itfrom di"it
&.".0 binary number 56565 has !bits.
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What is a !ord?. Word is a "roup of 57
bits.It corresponds to a
number and couldrepresent the preset
value of a timer or
counter. A !ord is a
memory location!hich contains a
numerical value.
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WO1$
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Inputs , OutputsThe inputs and outputs constitute the controllers physical
lin/s !ith the outside !orld. With in the controller they
represent a system !hich
Transforms the electrical Transforms the lo"ic status
si"nal into the lo"ical status 26453 into an electrical of in
in case inputs. case of outputs.
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+ONT1O88&1 +9+8&
1eadin" and storin" of sensor
status
+alculation0 'rocessin" of
e:uations 2accordin" to the
status of the sensors3
Transfer of the result of
calculations to the actuators.
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What is a pro"ram?A pro"ram is an ordered series of instructions !hich indicatesto the processor the operations to be carried out.
+ircuit $ia"ram
&-ample of a pro"ram
"ea#the status of ')5. "ea#the status of ');.
I$ PB%, PB&are closed
then s!itch on L'
Elses!itch off L.
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'1O(1AMMIN( 8AN(UA(&
The pro"ram must be !ritten in a lan"ua"e that is
understandable by a processor.
The number of lan"ua"es suited to the processin" to be
carried out
8adder 8an"ua"e 28$3
*e:uential
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8A$$&1 8AN(UA(&
8adder lan"ua"e is a "raphic lan"ua"e composed of
contacts coils and lin/ bet!een these elements.
As before the pro"rammed technolo"y there !as !ired
technolo"y. To ma/e chan"e from one technolo"y to
another as smooth as possible a lan"ua"e that reflect
!ired systems very closely has been created /no!n as
8A$$&1 8AN(UA(&.
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&-ample of a 8adder 8an"ua"eThe t!o controller inputs !ired to push buttons ')5 , '); control a
lamp 8 !ired to a controller output.
'ro"ram
"ea#the status
of ')5. "ea#the status
of ');.
I$ PB%, PB&are
closed thens!itch on L'
Elses!itch off L.