• NAME: GİZEM

• SURNAME: REYHANOĞULLARI

• DEPARTMENT: TOURISM GUIDANCE

• COURSE NAME: ENGLISH IN TOURISM

• TOPIC: DESCRIPTION OF TURKEY

The lands of Turkey are located at a point where the three continents making up the old world, Asia, Africa and Europe are closest to each other.Turkey is situated on an area where Europe meets Asia, creating a link between these two continents. The European part of the country is called Thrace, while the Asian part is known as Anatolia (or Asia Minor). It is bordered to the northwest by Greece and Bulgaria, to the east by the former USSR (Georgia, Armenia, and Azerbaican Republics) and Iran, and to the south by Iraq and Syria.

The Turkish peninsula is bathed by four seas: the Mediterranean to the south, the Aegean to the west, the Sea of Marmara between the European and Asian land masses, and the Black Sea to the north. The entire coastline spans more than 8,000 kilometers (approximately 5,000 miles) in length.

UNESCO WORLD HERITAGE SITES OF TURKEY "Historic Areas of Istanbul", The "Rock Sites of Cappadocia", The "Neolithic Site of Çatalhöyük", "Hattusa: the Hittite  Capital", The "Archaeological Site of  Troy", "Pergamon,  Its Multi-Layered Cultural Landscape", "Hierapolis – Pamukkale", and "Mount

Nemrut“, And 51 World Heritage Sites in tentative lists, such as the archaeological sites or historic urban centers of  Göbekli

Tepe, Gordion, Ephesus, Aphrodisias, Perga, Lycia, Sagalassos, Aizanoi, Zeugma,  Ani, Harran, Mardin, Konya and Alanya.

Turkey hosts two of the Seven Wonders of the Ancient World, which are the Mausoleum at Halicarnassus and the Temple of Artemis.

THE MOST IMPORTANT TOURISM RESOURCES

Hagia Sophia MuseumTopkapı Palace

Sultanahmet MosqueSüleymaniye Mosque

Madien’s TowerGalata Tower

Aya İrini ChurhYerebatan Cistern

Dolmabahçe Palace

HAGIA SOPHIA MUSEUM

HAGIA SOPHIAIt was dedicated to the Hagia Sophia which

means the Divine Wisdom,an attribute of Christ.It was built by Justinyen who is Emperor of

Byzantion in 532-537.Its architects were two Anatolian geniuses

Isadors and Antoniyus.The building is near a fault line in the eartquake

zone and the city passed through many riots and fires.

Hagia Sophia’s some places destroyed and underwent restorations several times.

The successful architect Mimar Sinan repaired and added retaining walls and this building managed to exist our day by him.

•Hagia Sophia was used as a church about 981 years,as a mosque about 482 years.

•It has being used as a museum since 1935.•It has got 9 gates

Mosaics

TOPKAPI PALACE

TOPKAPI PALACE

It was built by Fatih Sultan Mehmet in 1465-1478

Topkapı palace was used as adminisration center of Ottoman Empire just about 400 years and different Ottoman sultans ascended to the throne in here.

In Abdülhamit period,the palace started to be used as a museum.

Babüsselam Gate of PalaceÇinili,Revan,Bağdat PavilionArceology museumTreasury HaremHoly relics

SULTAN AHMET MOSQUE

SULTAN AHMET MOSQUE It is the face of Hagia Sophia.It’s architect is Sedefkar Mehmed Ağa in

1609The Sultan carried the soil when it’s

costruction was started.The European People fascinated with the

beautiful blue tiles always remember it as the ‘’Blue Mosque’’.

SÜLEYMANİYE CAMİİ

SÜLEYMANİYE MOSQUE

Süleymaniye is not only a mosque but a huge complex.

It was built betweeen 1550-1557.It’s name Süleymaniye,derives from the

builder’s name Sultan Süleyman .Sultan Süleyman and Sinan were buried in

their tombs in this complex.

BASILICA CISTERN

BASILICA CISTERNMany underground cisterns were built during

Byzantine Empire.Yerebatan Cistern was built probably after

542 by Empreror Justinien.Turks have preferred running water ,after

capturing the city from the Byzantines.There are 336 marble columbs and two of

them have Medusa heads.

DOLMABAHÇE PALACE

Mustafa Kemal accupied a room at the palace on his visits to İstanbul and died there in 1938.

The palace cosists of 285 rooms and 46 halls.

There are approximately 600 paintings and huge original carpets.

The items are gold or silver like as the vases or furnitures.

M.K.ATATURK -ANITKABIR PRESIDENT (1881-1938) Mustafa Kemal Ataturk was a

revolutionary who helped establish the Republic of Turkey.

He was Turkey's first president, and his reforms modernized the country.

LEADER OF TURKISHMustafa Kemal Ataturk was born

in 1881 in the former Ottoman Empire. As a young man he was involved with the Young Turks, a revolutionary group that deposed the sultan in 1909. Ataturk led the Turkish War of Independence and signed the Treaty of Lausanne in 1923, which made Turkey a republic. He was elected its first president and ushered in reforms that modernized Turkey. He died in 1938.

ANITKABIR (TOMB OF TURKISH LEADER

Anıtkabir (literally, "memorial tomb") is the mausoleum of Mustafa Kemal Atatürk, the leader of the Turkish War of Independence and the founder and first President of the Republic of Turkey. It is located in Ankara and was designed by architects Professor Emin Onat and Assistant Professor Ahmet Orhan Arda, whose proposal beat 48 other entries from several countries in a competition held by the Turkish Government in 1941 for a "monumental tomb" for Atatürk.

GALATA TOWERIt’s first name is Christ’

Tower.It was used a different

times as a prison and fire-watch tower.

The high of the tower is 63 metres and Hazerfen ahmet Çelebi managed to fly by wearing rush-work wings from top of the Galata Tower to Üsküdar.

In 1967,the tower was restored and an elevator was added.

The Maiden's Tower is also known as Leander's Tower (Tower of Leandros) since the medieval Byzantine period, is a tower lying on a small islet located at the southern entrance of the Bosphorus strait 200 m (220 yd) from the coast of Üsküdar in Istanbul, Turkey.

Arthemis Temple is seventh wonder of the world.

CULTURE OF TURKEY

Turkey has a very diverse culture that is a blend of various elements of the Oğuz Turkic,

 Anatolian,  Ottoman (which was itself a continuation of both Greco-Roman and Islamic

cultures) and Western culture and traditions, which started with the Westernisation of the Ottoman Empire and still continues

today. This mix originally began as a result of the encounter of Turks and their culture with

those of the peoples who were in their path during their migration from Central Asia to the West.

Turkish culture is a product of efforts to be a "modern" Western state, while maintaining traditional religious and historical values.

Whirling Dervishes of the Mevlevi Order during a Sema. The ceremony is one of the 11 elements of Turkey on the UNESCO Intangible Cultural Heritage Lists.

SPORT OF TURKEY

SPORTSport is an essential element in Turkey:

Football has a tremendous popularity troughout the country. Among the best teams , Galatasaray is the best-known with its succeses won in Europe,

then Besiktas, Denizlispor, Fenerbahçe and Trabzonsport that have the best ranking in the Turkish championship.

At World Cup 2002 Turkey finished 3rd playing versus Korea Republic.

Wrestling is an historic sport in Turkey. Modern wrestling is the speciality of Turkish world champion Hamza Yerlikaya.

Turkish oil wrestling (yagli güres) : wrestlers spread oil all over their body to make wrestling holds more difficult. This sport originates from the beginning of the Ottoman era. It is more and more appreciated by westerners for its mythical image and its rituals. Every year a competition takes place in Edirne where a new “pehlivan” (very strong man) is appointed in front of the President of the Republic. 

Weight lifting has considerably developed forming great champions such as Naim Süleymanoglu (appointed one of the five best sportsmen of all times with three successive olympic victories)or Halil Mutlu.

Sureyya Ayhan, the European champion runner in the women’s 1500 m Munich 2002, won a silver medal in the World Athletism Championship 2003 in Paris. She is also the Brussels 2003 Golden League winner in 1,500 m, in a world leading time of 3:55.33. 

FLYINGPlane gliding, hang gliding, parachuting, paragliding and single engine flights are catered for as well as services that provide instruction courses.

Best areas are Fethiye, Eskişehir, Pamukkale and 

Istanbul.

RAFTING

Turkey's rivers provide perfect conditions for canoeing and rafting, for both beginners and experienced. Some of the best rivers for rafting are Çoruh, Barhal, Berta,Fırtına, Çolaklı, Köprüçay, Manavgat, Dragon, Göksu (Silifke), Zamanti, Göksu (Feke), Kızılırmak, and Dalaman Çayı.

WINDSURFING The bays around Çesme, Alaçatı, Bodrum, and Datça peninsulas as well as

Antalya have ideal wind conditions for windsurfing. Famous windsurfer Cagla Kubat is also from Turkey.

SCUBA DIVING Turkey is where East meets West.  A small part is in Europe, the larger part is in Asia.  Most of the diving in Turkey takes place on the Mediterranean and Aegean coasts (the Turkish

Riviera), diving centres have mushroomed in most holidays resorts making this coastline increasingly accessible to scuba divers.

The main dive centres are at Bodrum, Marmaris, Fethiye, Kas and Alanya.  Fethiye is probably the big diver-tourist centre, where the Aladins Cave dive is certainly worth doing.