presentation of o.b

www.BZUPAGES.COMwww.BZUPAGES.COM


Presented to: Sir AHMAD TISMAN PASHA

Presented by:M. Sheraz anjum

BS(IT) 5th BIT-0716

Department Of Information Technology(Institute of Computing)

B.Z.U

Presentation of O.B


Creating Effective TeamsUnderstanding Work Teams


Creating Effective TeamsTo create an effective work team first we

have to see that what factors make a team effective….?

For this purpose a Model is been established.

This Model identifies these four Key components.


Team Effectiveness Model

Composition

Process

Context

Work Design

Team Effectiveness


ContextThe contextual factor refers to the

Background and Environment and in which the Team is been established.

Most significant contextual factors related to Team Performance are:

I.Adequate ResourcesII.Leadership and StructureIII.Climate of TrustIV.Performance Evaluation and Reward System


Adequate ResourcesTeams are a part of larger organizations.Every team relies on resources outside the

group to sustain it.It’s the support that a Work team receives

from the organization. For ExampleTimely informationProper EquipmentStaffingEncouragement


Teams can function if they agree on Who is to do What..?All members will contribute equally.Who will be responsible for Leading

the team.Leadership can be provided

a. Directly by managementb. Team members themselves

Leadership is Especially important in multi-team systems.

Leadership and Structure


Members of effective teams trust each other.Interpersonal trust among the members will:Develop CooperationReduces the need to Monitor each others

behaviorTeam members will be more willing to get

ExposureTeam members will allow themselves to take Risk

Trust in Leadership is very important.

Climate of Trust


Performance of individuals should be accountable:

IndividuallyJointly

So in addition to Individual Evaluation and Rewards management should consider:

Group based appraisalsProfit sharingSmall group incentives

Performance Evaluation and Reward System


CompositionTeam composition includes the variables that

how the teams should be staffed.Most significant compositional factors related

to Team Performance are:I.Abilities of MembersII.Personality of MembersIII.Allocation of RolesIV.Diversity of MembersV.Size of TeamsVI.Member Preferences


Abilities of MembersThe team’s Performance is not

The summation of individualmembers.

For an effective Team three differentTypes of skills are required1.Technical Expertise2.Problem Solving and Decision Making Skills3.Interpersonal Skills


Personality of MembersPersonality has a significant influence on a

team’s behavior similarly to that of individual behavior.

Three important personality traits are:1.Conscientious2.Openness3.Agreeableness


Allocation of RolesTeams have different needs and people for a team

should be selected such that all the rolls are filled.In effective teams persons with Various skills

are present. Often individuals plays multiple roles.

Major roles in a team areControllerAdviserCreatorMaintainer


Diversity of MembersDiversity refers to the differences on the

basis of age, sex, race, educational level

and experiences etc.Evidences display Pessimistic approach.

Organizational DemographyTurnover is less where demography is similar.

Effective management can utilize the dissimilar characteristics in the favor of the organization.


Size of TeamsTeam size effects very much on the efficiency

of team.Teams should not be very large.Larger teams have more potential for

problems such as:Social loafing increasesDifficult to evaluate individual performanceCommunication gapsMore conflicts


Member PreferencesNot every employee is a team player.Some people doesn’t Prefer to work in teams.So in establishing teams such persons should

not be asked to work as a team.Possible reasons of this behavior is:People don’t want that others get benefit of

themThey don’t like the members of the team


Work DesignEffective Teams need to Work together and

take collective responsibility for completing assigned tasks.

Most significant Work Design factors related to Team Performance are:

I.AutonomyII.Skill VarietyIII.Task IdentityIV.Task Significant


AutonomyThe work of each person should be

independent in a sense that it doesnot require output of any otherperson’s work as an input.

But help should be there.Such work design will make the team more

effective.


Skill VarietyThe opportunity for the team leader to use

different skills and talents.

Two Ways to attain skill variety:1.Members with various skills2.Appropriate selection of members for a group


Task IdentityTask performed or Product prepared by each

member should be Identifiable.

It will help in:Minimizing conflictsEasier EvolutionLess Monitoring


Task SignificantThe task of each person should have a

significant impact on others.

It will result inEncouragement of each memberDerivation by others in case of laziness or

faultsStrong monitoring and evaluation of

individuals


Team ProcessesAre the measures which help to create

outputs greater than the Sum of that of Individuals’.

Most significant Team Processes related to Team Performance are:

I.Common Plan and PurposeII.Specific GoalsIII.Team EfficacyIV.Conflict LevelsV.Social Loafing


Common Plan and PurposeCommon Plan and Purpose Provides the

members1.Direction2.Momentum3.Commitment

Members of effective teams spend tremendous amount of time on establishing plans to minimize conflicts and other potential problems.


Specific GoalsEffective teams translate their common

purpose into specific and measurable performance goals.

Goals energize teams.Goals should be challenging yet attainable.Specific goals facilitate clear communication.


Team EfficacyTeam efficacy means that teams believe they

can succeed.Success breeds success.Two possible options to establish team

efficacy1.Achieving Small Successes2.Providing Skill Training


Conflict LevelsConflicts are not necessarily bad.“No conflicts” mean bored and dull team

members.Task conflicts should be there for a better

team decision.Effective teams have only an appropriate

level of conflict.


Social Loafing“The tendency for individuals toexpend less effort when workingcollectively than when workingindividually.”

Effective teams cope this problem by Individual EvaluationJoint Evaluation

at the same time.


Thanks


Any Questions….???

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