presentation of diphteria

7/29/2019 Presentation of Diphteria

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The Correlation BetweenDiphtheria and

MyocarditisPresented by

Fitri Aulia

030.06.095Medical Faculty of Trisakti

2007


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Diphtheria

Definition

Diphtheria is an acute communicable

disease primarily affecting the upper

respiratory tract.

dipthera (Greek)= pair of leather

scrolls.


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Etiology of Diphtheria

Corynebacterium diphtheriae


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History of Diphtheria

Diphtheria was named in 1826 by French

physician Pierre Bretonneau.

The name alludes to the leathery, sheath like

membrane that grows on the tonsils, throat,

and in the nose.


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Epidemiology of Diphtheria

In 1991 there were 2,000 cases of diphtheria inthe USSR. By 1998, according to Red Cross

estimates, there were as many as 200,000 cases

in the Commonwealth of Independent States,

with 5,000 deaths. This was so great an

increase that diphtheria was cited in the

Guinness Book of World Records as "most

resurgent disease".


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Diphtheria cases reported to the World Health

Organization between 1997 and 2006
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Image:Diphterie.png


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Transmission of Diphtheria

Diphtheria is a highly contagious bacterial disease

that is transmitted from person to person through

close physical and respiratory contact.


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Signs and Symptoms of Diphtheria

Fatigue

Fever

Problems swallowing

Nausea

Vomiting

Bull Neck

Fast heart rate
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Image:Diphtheria_bull_neck.5325_lores.jpg


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How to Diagnose Diphtheria?

Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC)

Laboratory criteria

Isolation ofCorynebacterium diphtheriae from a clinical specimen

Histopathologic diagnosis of diphtheria Clinical criteria

Upper respiratory tract illness with sore throat

Low-grade fever

An adherent pseudomembrane of the tonsil, pharynx and nose.


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Diphtheritic Tonsillopharyngitis


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Nasal Diphtheria


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Cutaneous Diphtheria


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Laryngotracheal Diphtheria


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Diphtheritic Tonsillitis


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Prevention of Diphtheria

Vaccination of DPT (Diphteria, Pertussis and

Tetanus)

ADT (Adult Diphteria and Tetanus)


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Treatments of Diphtheria

Antitoxin

Antibiotics Erythromycin

Procaine penicillin G Rifampin

Clindamycin

Intubation

Tracheotomy
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Image:Antitoxin_diphtheria.jpg


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Complication of Diphtheria

Diphtheritic Cystitis

Diphtheritic Myocarditis

Diphtheritic Peritonitis Cranial Neuritis

Periferal Neuritis


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Myocarditis

Definition

Myocarditis is an inflammatory condition

involving the myocardium (heart muscle).


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Etiology of Myocarditis

Infectious

Immunological

Toxic

Physical agents


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Epidemiology of Myocarditis

The exact incidence of myocarditis is unknown.

However, in series of routine autopsies, 19% of all

patients had evidence of myocardial inflammation. In

young adults, up to 20% of all cases of sudden deathare due to myocarditis.

In South America, Chagas' disease (caused by

Trypanosoma cruzi) is the main cause of myocarditis.

The average age of patients with myocarditis is 42

years


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Sign and Symptom of Myocarditis

Chest pain

Fever A fast heartbeat

Tiredness

Shortness of breath


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How to Diagnose Myocarditis?

Electrocardiogram (ECG)

Chest x-ray

Ultrasound of the heart(echocardiogram)

White blood cell count Red blood cell count

Blood cultures for infection

Blood tests for antibodies againstthe heart muscle and the bodyitself

Heart muscle biopsy-rarelyperformed


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Treatment of Myocarditis

Oxygen.

Medication to treat heart failure or

arrhythmias.

A pacemaker if certain arrhythmias develop.

Antibiotics if the cause of the myocarditis is a

bacterial infection.

Steroid medication if the cause is giant-cell

myocarditis.

Stopping alcohol if alcohol is the cause

Reduced level of activity


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Andrea Dworkin- American feminist


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Andy Gibb - Singer


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Rod DonaldLeader of Green Party


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Conclusion

Diphtheria is one of dangerous diseases because it

can cause many kinds of complication such as

Myocarditis, Cystitis, Peritonitis and many others.

Myocarditis that is complicated by diphtheria iscalled diphtheritic myocarditis.


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References

www.phac-aspc.gc.ca/.../23s4/23s4g_e.html, accessed on May 17, 2007.

www.wikipedia.com, accessed on May 17, 2007.

www.patient_UK.com, accessed on May 17, 2007.

www.medical-encyclopedia.com, accessed on May 17, 2007

edcp.org/factsheets/diptheria.html, accessed on May 17, 2007.

www.dhs.vic.gov.au/phd/immunisation/, accessed on May 17, 2007.

Epidemiological Bulletin, Vol. 20 No. 4, December 1999

Arif Mansjoer, and friends. Kapita Selekta Kedokteran, 2000. Media Aesculapius,

Jakarta.

Lecturers of Medical Faculty of Indonesia University, Ilmu Kesehatan Anak, 1985.

Media Aesculapius, Jakarta.

Eckart RE, Scoville SL, Campbell CL, Shry EA, Stajduhar KC, Potter RN, Pearse LA,

Virmani R. Sudden death in young adults: a 25-year review of autopsies in military

recruits.Ann Intern Med2004;141:829-34. PMID 15583223
http://www.phac-aspc.gc.ca/.../23s4/23s4g_e.htmlhttp://www.wikipedia.com/http://www.patient_uk.com/http://www.medical-encyclopedia.com/http://edcp.org/factsheets/diptheria.html?print=yeshttp://www.dhs.vic.gov.au/phd/immunisation/http://www.dhs.vic.gov.au/phd/immunisation/http://edcp.org/factsheets/diptheria.html?print=yeshttp://www.medical-encyclopedia.com/http://www.medical-encyclopedia.com/http://www.medical-encyclopedia.com/http://www.patient_uk.com/http://www.wikipedia.com/http://www.phac-aspc.gc.ca/.../23s4/23s4g_e.htmlhttp://www.phac-aspc.gc.ca/.../23s4/23s4g_e.htmlhttp://www.phac-aspc.gc.ca/.../23s4/23s4g_e.html


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Thank you

presentation of diphteria

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