presentation m.r

8/8/2019 Presentation m.r

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MembersYunus . HukkeriShridhar . NaikTabrezahmed . JamadarZaheerrudin.SManoj. Joshi


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NONREPONSE ERROR

Error caused by a difference between those who responded

To a survey and those dont is termed as non response error .

Non response can involve an entire Questionnaire (refusal to

answer any question) or particular or question in

questionnaire (refusal to answer a subset of questions).


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Response ratey Response rate is defined as the number of completed

interviews with responding units divided by the number of

eligible responding units in the sample.

y In general the lower the response rate to a survey ,the higher

the probability of nonresponse error. however, a low

response error. Nonresponse error is a problem only when a

difference between the responds and the nonrespondents

leads the researcher to an incorrect conclusion or decision.


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Reducing nonresponseAttempts to increase the response rate to focus on

increasing the potential respondents motivation to

reply. Two complementary approaches are frequentlyused.

y The first is to increase the motivation as much as

possible in the initial contacts with respondents.y The second approach is to remind the respondents

through repeated mailing or other contacts.


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Strategies for dealing with

nonresponse


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Subjective Estimatesy When it is no longer practical to increase the response

rate ,the researcher can estimate subjectively thenature and effect of the non respondents. That is, the

research , based on experience and the nature of the

survey , makes a subject evaluation effect of thenonresponse


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Imputation Estimatesy Imputation estimates involves imputing attributes to

the nonrespondents based on the characteristics of therespondents .

These techniques can be used for missing

respondents or for item nonresponse


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Trend Analysisy Trend analysis is similar to the imputation technique,

except that the attributes of the nonrespondents are

assumed to be similar to be projection of the trends

show between early and late respondents .


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Measurements using Subsamplesy Subsamples of nonrespondents particularly when a mail survey

was the original methodology, has been found effective in

reducing nonresponse error. Concentrated attention on a

subsample of nonrespondents ,generally using telephone or

personal interviews, can often yield a high response rate within

that subsamples can be projected to the entire group of

nonrespondents and the overall surveys results adjusted to take

into accounts the nonrespondents. The primary drawbacks to

this technique is the cost involved.


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Issues in multinational surveysy The issues in multinational surveys mirror those in

domestic surveys- which survey method is best and how do

we minimize potential nonresponse error.

y The issue is complicated because

1. The best methods in one country may be inappropriate in

another

2. Different survey methods may produce differing results ,

making cross-country comparisons difficult


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Telephoney The ability to conduct telephone surveys in a given

country depends on the sample having telephones and

on their willingness to be interviewed on the phone


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Maily Mail survey required a high literacy rate among the

sample , a well-developed postal system, and a list of

address . Mail surveys are widely used in theE

Ccountries , the U.S.,Canada and Japan . They offen arenot good method in other countries even if the literaryrate is high


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Computercomputer interview required a sample that is at least

familiar with computer type terminals . Thus, they are

restricted to advanced economics and select segmentsof other countries. Multinational computer interviewsare complicated by a variety of factors


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Multiple surveys techniques in

multinationals surveys

y As the above discussion indicates, it is sometimesdesirable to use difficult survey methods in amultinational survey. When this is the case, it is case, itis desirable to test for method difference if the results

are to be used for cross-country comparisons


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Queries


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