presentation i shack fcnsa workshop 24 25nov2011 berrywessels

7/28/2019 Presentation I Shack FCNSA Workshop 24 25Nov2011 BerryWessels

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The I-Shack!A Socio-technical approach to Incremental Upgrading!


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Overview!Urbanisation as motivation!Enkanini: Informal Settlement of Stellenbosch!!I-Shack (Improved Shack)!DC Solar PV Micro-grid system!!The Barefoot Solar Engineers!!Energy Spaza!!Opportunities in the Voluntary Carbon Market!!The Network!!Next Steps!!Questions!


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Urbanisation as motivation!

The First Wave of Urbanisation: 1750 - 1950. Number of urban dwellers increasedfrom 15 million to 423 million people. Occurred mainly in Europe and America.!!The Second Wave of Urbanisation: 1950 - 2030. Number of urban dwellers willincrease from 309 million to 3,9 billion. Will occur mainly in Africa and Asia (UN,2006)!!62% of sub-Saharan Africa urban dwellers are slum dwellers. The region has thehighest urbanisation rate in the world at 3.3% (UN - Habitat 2008a).!!Breaking New Ground: SAs policy on the creation of sustainable humansettlements through in situ upgrading.!


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Enkanini: Informal Settlement of Stellenbosch!


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The I-Shack!

Built to a NNE Orientation. Windows are positioned for temperature regulationand forming a draft between the east and north side.!!The roof overhang shield the front of the shack from the midday sun, allowing itto be in the shade during the hottest time of the day.!!The back wall is built from cob that act as a temperature regulator that cools theshack during the day and radiates energy at in the cool of night.!!Insulation done using cardboard boxes, tetrapack and a floor made out of clay andrecycled brick.!


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Temperature readings where taken over a 40 day period from 9 Oct to 18 Nov. withweather stations positioned on the I-Shack and a non-improved shack as control.!!With an average outside temperature below 15C, I-Shack measured 17.8C with thecontrol at 14.08C.

!!Indoor temperature fluctuations where 25.2C for the I-Shack and 29.6C for the controlshack.!!The implication: the Improved Shack needed less cooling like in use of fans in summer andheating in winter through fire or heaters.!

Temperature Readings!


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Source: http://www.nerdnirvana.org/2011/07/16/the-current-war/!


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The DC PV Micro-grid system!

Using DC appliances rather than AC appliances reduces the need for larger panels,larger batteries and a converter since much less power is necessary to power DCappliances.!!The Multi-grid System: One 20 W PV panel with a 12 V battery, three LED 3 W lightsand a cellphone charger together with all switches, fuses and cables. Costs R3021 (+

VAT).!!Upgradable to accommodate another inside LED 3 W light, an outside motion censorspotlight and a DC Radio. TV, DVD and Fridge can be added with extra batteries and PVpanels.!Training in solar theory, maintenance and installation of the system is the crucial partfor the success of the project for technological and social reasons. !


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Training of the Barefoot Solar Engineers!


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The Energy Spaza!

A social and institutional system driven by community members is important to !ensure longevity of the system and understanding through training.!!Energy Spaza operator carries out maintenance, sale of appliances and collectionof payments. An understanding of managing a small business is important.

!!Households pay for maintenance, repair, replacing battery plus capital costs if notsubsidised. System can be shut down on non-payments.!!Unskilled labour can be used within National Installations standards. The systemruns below the 50 V regulation.!


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Appliances can be connected that can generate income: Car and Cell phone Batterychargers, Shavers, Sewing machines.!!

The establishment of a training centre at the Sustainability Institute for futuretraining.!!Working with SDI to provide for community networking and social organisation.!!Specialised Solar Systems designing the systems and adapting to needs of thebeneficiaries.!!Goal: To create a delivery system that make use of national subsidy that are in placeand replicate the system across South Africa.!


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The Beneficiaries!


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Opportunities in the Voluntary Carbon Market!

Baselines: Eskom power tapped from prepaid meter holders, paraffin and candlesused for light purposes and heaters including fire and fans for cooling.!!Health and safety implications: Less pollution in shacks, Micro-grid reduces theneed for long electrical cables and the risk of fire is reduced.!!Social implications: Capability enhancement through training courses, job creationand social organisation around maintenance scheme and poverty alleviation.!!Carbon credits can contribute to household monthly payments.!


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The Network!

j!GatesFoundation! The Community!The Sustainability Institute!

Slum Dwellers International!

Community Organisation Resource Centre!Specialised Solar Systems!

Accra and Dar Es Salaam!FCN!

Funders!NRF!

Private Enterprises! NGOs!

Universities!Carbon Market!

Other Potential

Manufacturers!

Governments!


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Next Steps!

Installation of another 20 Multi-units in Enkanini.!!Setting up of the institutional structure of the Energy Spaza for financial and maintenancepurposes.

!!Building of another I-Shack for research and demonstration purposes. Also to act as aspace for community gatherings.!!Continue with temperature readings for the whole year!


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Thank you!Any Questions?!

presentation i shack fcnsa workshop 24 25nov2011 berrywessels

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