presentation - elevator 101
DESCRIPTION
pptTRANSCRIPT
Where it’s been.
Where it’s going.
Elevator TechnologyElevator Technology
Dedicated to People FlowTM
Elevator Technology
This program is registered with the AIA/CES for continuing professional education. As such, it does not include content that may be deemed or construed to be an approval or endorsement by the AIA of any material of construction or any method or manner of handling, using, distributing or dealing in any material or product.
Questions related to specific materials, methods, and services will be addressed at the conclusion of this presentation.
Elevator Technology
Learning objectives:Learning objectives:
● Elevator history● Conventional elevator technology● Technological advances ● MRL cost & space savings, and
sustainability benefits● Future trends
“The biggest assets of companiesgo up and down elevators every day.”
– Famous adage
Worldwide,
1.37 billion1.37 billionpeople ride on elevatorseach day.
Elevator Technology
Elevator Technology
Why is elevator Why is elevator knowledge important knowledge important to you?to you?
Because it is essentialto ensure efficient people flow in the buildings architects design.
Elevator historyElevator history
Elevator Technology
The first elevator may have been built by Archimedes in 236 B.C.
Elevator Technology
Elevator Technology
A treadmill hoisting machine, powered by donkeys, appeared in 1203.
In 1823, an “ascending room” provided paying visitors with a wonderful view of London.
Elevator Technology
Elevator Technology
Primitive steam-powered cable and hydraulic elevators appeared around 1850.
Elevator Technology 1950 Elevator Technology 1950 –– mid 1990smid 1990s
Hydraulic Elevators Geared Traction Elevators Gearless Traction Elevators
Ris
e/Tr
avel
Elevator Technology
0'
20'
40'
60'
100'
200'
300'
400' and above.
Holeless
Roped Holed
Geared
Gearless
Conventional Elevator TechnologyConventional Elevator Technology
Elevator Technology
Elevator Technology
Three configurations:
1) Direct Plunger● Holed
2) Roped Plunger● Roped ● Underslung
3) Holeless(not pictured)
Hydraulic ApplicationsHydraulic Applications
Traction ApplicationsTraction Applications
Elevator Technology
TractionConfigurations
1)Overhead
2) Basement
3) Underslung
Elevator Technology
HydraulicHydraulicvs. Tractionvs. Traction
Advantages:● Cost less to install● Shorter lead-times● No reactions at the
top of the structure
Drawbacks:● Higher noise level● Slow speeds● Poor ride quality● High energy consumption● Environmental concerns –
significant use of hydraulic oil
Elevator Technology
Traction vs.Traction vs.HydraulicHydraulic
Advantages:● Higher speeds● Greater rise● Smoother ride quality
Drawbacks:● Higher installation cost● Longer lead times● Longer installation● Significant loads on
top of structure● Penthouse requirements● Critical path
Elevator Technology
A Technological Breakthrough in 1996A Technological Breakthrough in 1996
● Saves energy● Eliminates traditional
machine room● Eliminates hydraulic oil ● Simplifies installation● Sustainable ownership
Permanent MagnetSynchronous Motor(PMSM)
Permanent Magnet Synchronous Motor (PMSM) and Variable Voltage, Variable Frequency Drive (VVVF)
● Reduces motor size and weight
● Reduces energy consumptionand heat output
● New motor/drive technology enabled the creation of “Machine Room-Less (MRL)elevator solutions.
Elevator Technology
● AC GearlessPMSM Technology- +93% efficient- 50-70% less energy than
traditional traction orhydraulic machine technology
- 6.7 hp vs. 40-60 hp
● Reduced Starting Current Demand - 30-40% less energy than
traditional hydraulic or traction
Saving EnergySaving Energy
Elevator Technology
Elevator Technology
Commercial Elevator, seven landings, 60’ of rise, $0.15 kWh annual energy savings
● Traditional Geared- 32,919 kWh/year- $4,938 a year
● PMSM Technology- 14,476 kWh/year - $2,171 a year
Savings Comparison Savings Comparison -- TractionTraction
Assuming a useful life of 30 years, that’s a lifetime savings of $83,010 – enough for a new Lexus LX 570 SUV
Elevator Technology
Commercial Elevator, five landings, 48’ of rise, $0.15 kWh annual energy savings
● Hydraulic- 47,551 kWh/year- $7,133 a year
● PMSM Technology- 11,837 kWh/year - $1,775 a year
Savings Comparison Savings Comparison -- HydraulicHydraulic
Assuming a useful life of 30 years, that’s a lifetime savings of $160,740 – enough for a 2009 Porsche 911 S Coupe
Elevator Technology
PMSMTechnology enabledMachine Room-Less(MRL) elevators.
● Money saved by eliminating amachine room can be used to buildadditional rental space
● Give architects more creative freedom of design
Saving SpaceSaving Space
1. Overhead-MountedHoist Machine
2. Pit-MountedHoist Machine
3. Car Rail-MountedHoist Machine(most common)
Configurations
Elevator Technology
Saving SpaceSaving Space
● Control Closet- Saves space and eliminates
a full “machine room”
● Configuration- Integral- Adjacent
Elevator Technology
Saving SpaceSaving Space
Elevator Technology
● Oil in traditionalelevator technology- Lubricate machine- Hydraulic motion
● The averagehydraulic elevator usesapproximately 300gallons of oil overit’s lifetime.
Eliminating OilEliminating Oil
MRLsMRLs end the mess that threatens ground water.
Elevator Technology
Installation BenefitsInstallation Benefits
● Mechanics have superior control over their work environment
● Hoisting procedures are visible and under control
Elevator Technology
● Reduces Project Management Interfaces
- No drilling well holes- No waterproofing pits- No coordinating cranes- No structural machine room slab
Elevator Technology
Installation BenefitsInstallation Benefits
Installation BenefitsInstallation Benefits● Reduced costs
- Structural machine roomnot required
- Maintenance and accessis improved
- No additional costs for penthouse or access to penthouse
● Stairwells ● Lighting
Elevator Technology
VERY IMPORTANTVERY IMPORTANT
● There are NO LEED certified elevators
● An elevator CANNOT GIVE you, the Customer, LEED project points
● LEED contribution is possible in the areas of EA (Energy & Atmosphere), ID(Innovation & Design) and compliant with EQ low emitting materials
Elevator Technology
2-10% of the world’s commercial buildingenergy consumption is attributed to elevators
Elevator Technology
Sustainable OwnershipSustainable Ownership● Buildings account for 40% of the world’s
energy consumption
● Elevators account for 2-10% of that 40%● Over the lifetime of a new elevator the
energy savings can amount to more than the initial cost of the equipment
● In high traffic applications, 30-40% of energy consumed can be recovered through regenerative systems
● In low traffic applications, the energy used while sitting idle (standby energy) can mount up to 70-80% of the total energy consumed
Elevator Technology 1996 Elevator Technology 1996 -- TodayToday Elevator Technology
0'
20'
40'
60'
100'
200'
300'
400' and above.
Ris
e/Tr
avel
Holeless
Roped
Geared
Gearless
Holed
Gearles MRL
Hydraulic Elevators Geared Traction Elevators Gearless Traction Elevators Machine-room-less
Elevator Technology
The Future Belongs to MRL ElevatorsThe Future Belongs to MRL Elevators
Architects are increasinglyturning to MRLs, as hydraulicelevators begin to disappear.
● Saves energy● Saves space● Eliminate hydraulic oil● Simplifies installation● Sustainable ownership
Elevator Technology
Technology AdvancesTechnology Advances
● Regeneration● Sleeping Elevators● Solar Powered Elevators
“I see hydraulic elevators diminishing within the next 5-10 years. The new technology will become greener and won’t require external power. Also, people don’t want to drill in the ground to accommodate a hydraulic elevator.“
-Barry Pletch, CEO Thyssen Krupp
Elevator Technology
KONE is a Registered Provider with the A.I.A. Continuing Education Systems. Credit earned will be reported and Certificates of Completion for non-AIA members are available upon request. Take-home materials are also available.
Questions and AnswersQuestions and Answers
Dedicated to People FlowTM