Dengue fever

Dengue FeverDengue is a mosquito-borne infection that causes a severe flu-like illness, and sometimes a potentially lethal complication called dengue haemorrhagic fever. Dengue is found in tropical and sub-tropical climates worldwide, mostly in urban and semi-urban areas. Appropriate medical care frequently saves the lives of patients with the more serious dengue haemorrhagic fever. The only way to prevent dengue virus transmission is to combat the disease-carrying mosquitoes.

Aedes Mosquito with the typical black and white stripes: Cause of Dengue Fever

Aedes aegypti

Dengue fever symptomsSymptoms are most commonly seenin adults and older children. sudden onset of fever (lasting three to seven days) intense headache (especially behind the eyes) muscle and joint pain (ankles, knees and elbows) unpleasant metallic taste in mouth, loss of appetite, vomiting, diarrhoea, abdominal pain flushed skin on face and neck, fine skin rashes as fever subsides rashes on arms and legs, severe itching, peeling of skin and hair loss minor bleeding (nose or gums) and heavy menstrual periods extreme fatigue

Dengue haemorrhagic fever symptoms Headache, Fever Rash

& evidence of hemorrhage in the

body. Petechiae (small red or purple blisters under the skin) Bleeding in the nose or gums, black stools, or easy bruising are all possible signs of hemorrhage.

HOW CAN DENGUE FEVER AND DENGUE HEMORRAGHIC FEVER BE TREATED?

Because dengue is caused by a virus, there is no specific medicine or antibiotic to treat it. Rest and fluid intake for adequate hydration is important. Aspirin and nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs should be avoided. Acetaminophen (Tylenol) and codeine may be given for severe headache and for the joint and muscle pain (myalgia). All patients with dengue haemorrhagic fever need to be hospitalised for fluid therapy and monitoring.

Effective ways to control mosquito bitesIndoor mosquito repellent

Mosquito netting

Effective ways to control mosquito bites

ector control

rimary method of controlling Aedes populations is by

depriving female Aedes from pools of water in which i ill lay eggs ,

discarding old tires and modernizing waste-water and solid-waste treatment systems, and

arviciding pools of water to kill larval mosquitoes cou educe Aedes populations.

Assessment / Diagnosis Fever / High temperature( >37.5 celcius)

Objective

Nursing Intervention-Monitor vital signs every 4 hours and also monitor lab reports of WBCs.

Rationale

Evaluation

-To ensure patients temperature comes down to normal. (36.5 -37 celcius)

-To detect any elevation in temperature and any infection. toxicity. -To bring down temperature and avoid dehydration.

-temperature went down to 37 celcius after 1 hour.

-Do tepid sponging when the temperature is >38.5 celcius. -Give proper ventilation. -Provide adequate fluid, 2-3litres per day.

Assessment / Diagnosis

Objective

Nursing Intervention

Rationale

Evaluation

-Send blood specimen to lab for FBC and dengue serology.-Monitor IV and check for any signs of bleeding.

-To detect any elevation and to check disease progression. -To prevent dehydration and bleeding.

- FBC shown normal level.

Assessment / Diagnosis Nausea and vomiting related to dengue fever

Objective

Nursing Intervention

Rationale

Evaluation

-Monitor -To ensure frequency,conte patient is free nt,amount and from nausea colour of vomit.

and vomiting.-Monitor vital sign. -Advise patient to have small and frequent meal. -Give thymol gargle after vomitting.

-To check fluid loss. -No vomiting and nausea seen. -To prevent deterioration of health. -To gain -Patient able energy and to to take small lessen vomit. amount of food.

Assessment / Diagnosis

Objective

Nursing Intervention

Rationale

Evaluation

-Encourage patient to drink more fluid, if tolerable.

-To replace fluid loss and to prevent dehydration.

-Inform Dr about patients condition and serve medicine as ordered.

Assessment / Diagnosis Headache related to dengue fever

Objective

Nursing Intervention

Rationale

Evaluation

-To lessenheadache.

-Ensure the -To give environment is adequate rest quiet and for patient. restrict visitors. -Provide -To make sure ventilation : patient rest in Switch on fan comfort. and ask patient to wear thin and loose clothes. -Advise patient -To prevent not to bend too increased ICP. long,chew hard food.

-No complaint of headache from patient.

-Patient feeling comfortable and able to sleep with no complaint.

Assessment / Diagnosis Potential bleeding related to dengue fever.

Objective

Nursing Intervention -Assess patient for any sign of bleeding: (petechiae,gu m/nasal bleeding, maelena stool, hematuria, increased menstrual flow. -Monitor vital sign.

Rationale

Evaluation

-To prevent bleeding.

-To detect bleeding and to prevent hypovolemic shock.

-No bleeding detected.

-No hypovolemic shock seen.

Assessment / Diagnosis

Objective

Nursing Intervention

Rationale

Evaluation

-Obtain FBC, BD/TDS/QID, according to Drs order. -Inform Dr if there is any sign of bleeding.

-To check hb level & to detect bleeding. -For further management to prevent shock.

Assessment / Diagnosis Potential dehydration related to dengue fever.

Objective

Nursing Intervention

Rationale

Evaluation

-To prevent dehydration.

-Assess -To detect patient for sign dehydration. of dehydration: (skin integrity, tongue, urine concentration). -Monitor BUSE -To detect / FBC results. potassium, sodium loss. -Monitor vital sign.

- No dehydration, skin integrity good and no urine concentration seen. -BUSE show normal level.

Assessment / Diagnosis

Objective

Nursing Intervention

Rationale

Evaluation

-Encourage -To replace patient to drink fluid loss. more fluid, 2 to 3 litres per day. -Inform Dr if there is any sign of dehydration.

-For further medical management.

Health Education -

Vector control Proper solid waste disposal and improved water storage practices, including covering containers to prevent access by egg-laying female mosquitoes.

Health Education

Simple personal protection

- Wearing long sleeves, applying insect repellent, and avoiding locations with high vector densities, is also important.

Group 1Gayathre Doraisamy Dinaashini Celleba Munyan Devi Hemanisha Asha Julie Alwin V.Raghavan Gayathiri Amelia Alex Deepa