Fostering Inclusive Growth and Trust in

Justice Institutions:

Access, Performance and Alternatives

12 November 2014

OECD, Paris

Trust in justice significantly varies across

member countries (2013)

Source: Gallup World Poll

86

81 81

69 69 68 67 65 64 63 63 63 60 60

57 57 56 56 55 55 52

47 46 44 44

42 37 37 37

30 28 27 26

19

15

0

10

20

30

40

50

60

70

80

90

100

Trust in justice scores lower than confidence and

satisfaction with other public services

52.1%

39.5%

71.0% 66.5%

73.5%

0

10

20

30

40

50

60

70

80

90

100

Justice system and courts

National government

Health systemEducation system

Local police

OECD Max Min

Source: Gallup World Poll, 2013

Yet it strongly matters for trust in government

Source: Gallup World Poll

AUS

AUT

BEL CAN

CHL

CZE

DNK

EST

FIN

FRA

DEU

GRC

HUN

ISL IRL

ISR

ITA

JPN

KOR

LUX

MEX

NLD

NZL

NOR

OECD

POL

PRT SVK

SVN

ESP

SWE

CHE

TUR

GBR

USA

0

10

20

30

40

50

60

70

80

90

100

0 10 20 30 40 50 60 70 80 90

Tru

st

in j

usti

ce

Trust in government

[R²: 0.72]

… for growth…

Source: OECD, Gallup World Poll

AUS

AUT

BEL

CAN

CHL

CZE

DNK

EST

FIN

FRA

DEU

GRC

HUN

ISL

IRL ISR

ITA

JPN

KOR

LUX

MEX

NLD

NZL

NOR

POL

PRT

SVK

SVN

ESP

SWE

CHE

TUR

GBR

USA

OECD

0

10

20

30

40

50

60

70

80

90

100

15000 25000 35000 45000 55000 65000 75000 85000 95000

Tru

st

in j

usti

ce

GDP per capita

R2:0.58

[R²: 0.58]

…and citizen well-being

Source: OECD, Gallup

AUS AUT

BEL

CAN

CHL CZE

DNK

EST

FIN

FRA DEU

GRC

HUN

ISL

IRL

ISR

ITA JPN KOR

LUX

MEX NLD NZL

NOR

OECD

POL

PRT

SVK SVN

ESP

SWE

CHE

TUR

GBR USA

4.5

5

5.5

6

6.5

7

7.5

8

10 20 30 40 50 60 70 80 90

Lif

e s

ati

sfa

cti

on

Trust in justice

R²= 0.62

… trust in justice is also negatively related to

the perception of corruption in the judiciary

Source: Gallup, Transparency International Global Corruption Barometer 2013

AUS BEL

CAN

CHL

CZE

EST

FIN

FRA

DEU

GRC

HUN

ISR

ITA

JPN

KOR

LUX

MEX

NZL

NOR

PRT SVK

SVN

ESP

CHE

TUR

GBR

USA

10

20

30

40

50

60

70

80

5 15 25 35 45 55 65 75

Tru

st

in j

usti

ce

Perception of corruption

[R²: 0.79]

What are the areas of focus to promote trust,

better life and growth?

Effective justice institutions

Access to justice policies

Effective and transparent ADRs

Performance

Access

Alternatives

Trust in justice & trust in government

National competitiveness & inclusive growth

Life satisfaction

Policy performance & effectiveness

Government accountability

Policy levers Key areas of focus High-level outcomes

Source: OECD; WJP; Gallup World Poll; WEF

Need for:

Robust modelling

In-depth qualitative assessments

Yet there is a wide variation across member

countries in justice performance

Life Satisfaction Socio- and economic

performance

Source: WEF

Efficiency of legal framework in settling disputes, 2013-2014

Range: from 2.7 to 6.0 (1-7 scale)

0

1

2

3

4

5

6

7

It takes up to 1580 days to enforce a contract

in OECD countries

Life Satisfaction Socio- and economic

performance

Source: World Bank

Enforcing contracts, 2014

OECD average:

539.5 days

21.4% cost of the claim

Range:

216-1580 days

9-39.9% cost of the claim

0

5

10

15

20

25

30

35

40

45

0.00

200.00

400.00

600.00

800.00

1,000.00

1,200.00

1,400.00

1,600.00

1,800.00

Co

st (%

of c

laim

) T

ime (

days)

Time (days) Cost (% of claim)

Number of procedure

38 32 37 35 33 21 27 36 34 33 31.8 26 40 26 36 29 35 35 33.6 27 35 25 28 29 34 31 32 36.8 33 32 26 31 34 32 30

Citizen views on judicial independence also

diverge…

Life Satisfaction Socio- and economic

performance

Source: WEF

Judicial independence, OECD countries, 2013-14 weighted average

Range: from 2.3 to 6.7 (1-7 scale)

0

1

2

3

4

5

6

7

Court users appear to be more satisfied with fairness and

independence than with length and cost of proceedings (2013)

Life Satisfaction Socio- and economic

performance

Source: Flash EuroBarometer

Court users satisfaction - Civil and commercial courts

21.3% 53.7%

49.7%

29.2%

46.2%

0

10

20

30

40

50

60

70

80

90

Lenth of proceedings

Independence (courts & judges)

Fairness of judgementsCost of proceedings

Use of new technologies

OECD21 Min Max

Level of satisfaction is slightly higher in administrative justice

compared to criminal justice

Yet safety and order are an important

component of public expenditures

Life Satisfaction Socio- and economic

performance

Source: SNA

Public spending on safety and order as a share of total public expenditure, OECD countries, 2012

2012:1.88 to 6.38

2007: 1.97 to 5.53

0

1

2

3

4

5

6

7

2012 2007

Range

Although the expenditures on courts vary

Life Satisfaction Socio- and economic

performance

Source: SNA

Expenditures on public order and safety, 2012

7.5 8.7 13.9 13.9 14.4 15.8 16.1 16.8 16.9 17.2 17.2 18.3 18.3 19.4 20.4 21.1 21.5

25.9 29.8 31.8

54.0 53.3

58.6 53.0

61.9 57.8

42.0

63.6

50.0

62.2

48.5

53.7

40.7

62.8

47.5

54.0 58.7

46.7

47.5 48.2

3.7 8.8

9.1

6.8

12.0

8.7

19.9

4.4

9.9

12.1

13.3

17.0

8.7

8.2

15.9

12.3 8.9

6.4

10.6 5.2

0%

20%

40%

60%

80%

100%

Law courts Police Prisons Other

Citizen views on accessibility and affordability

of justice also diverge

Source: CEPEJ 2012; WJP 2013

Is there an understanding of what it actually takes for citizens to defend their rights?

0

0.01

0.02

0.03

0.04

0.05

0.06

0.07

0.08

0.09

0.00

0.10

0.20

0.30

0.40

0.50

0.60

0.70

0.80

No

rwa

y

De

nm

ark

Ne

therl

and

s

Sw

ede

n

Spain

Czech R

epu

blic

Port

ug

al

Germ

any

Austr

ia

Gre

ece

Slo

ven

ia

Fin

land

Ita

ly

Fra

nce

Ne

w Z

eala

nd

Ch

ile

OE

CD

28

Belg

ium

Esto

nia

Turk

ey

Ca

nad

a

Un

ite

d K

ing

dom

Re

pub

lic o

f K

ore

a

Pola

nd

Hu

nga

ry

Japa

n

Austr

alia

Un

ite

d S

tate

s

Me

xic

o

Icela

nd

Irela

nd

Isra

ël

Lu

xe

mbo

urg

Slo

vakia

Sw

itzerl

and

Accessibility and affordability of civil justice

Annual public budget allocated to legal aid per inhabitant as part (in %) of the GDP per capita, in 2012

Accessib

ilit

y a

nd

Aff

ord

ab

ilit

y

An

nu

al p

ub

lic b

ud

get a

llocate

d to

leg

al a

id

There is also room for improving the

accessibility, effectiveness and awareness of

ADRs

Source: WJP; Flash EuroBarometer 2013

Accessib

ilit

y,

imp

art

iality

an

d e

ffecti

ven

ess

A

wa

ren

es

s

0

5

10

15

20

25

30

35

40

45

50

0.00

0.10

0.20

0.30

0.40

0.50

0.60

0.70

0.80

0.90

1.00

% Accessibility, impartiality and effectiveness of ADR in civil justice

Citizens who feel informed about the alternatives to court

Yet understanding of the use, transparency and

impact of ADRs is uneven at best

Source: The Economist, 2014

Current OECD work on justice institutions

• 2014 MCM Inclusive Growth Report

• 2014 OECD Trust Strategy

• 2013 ECO Civil Law and Justice Sector Efficiency Study

• 2013 Government at a Glance

• Sigma Rule of Law assessments

• Governance accession reviews and core accession principles

Colombia

Latvia

Russia

Ongoing co-operation

External

● European Commission for the

Efficiency of Justice (CEPEJ)

Agreement on use of data

and extension to non-EU

countries

OECD Observership in

CEPEJ meetings

● World Justice Project

● International Commission of

Jurists

Internal

● SIGMA programme

● LEED programme

● Competition Committee

● Investment Committee

● Consumer Policy Committee

● Economics Department (Civil

Law and Justice Sector

Efficiency Survey)

Collaboration survey

design

Possible inclusion in

G@G 2013

Focus of the discussion

• Fostering trust in justice and justice performance

• Advancing equal access to justice

• Strengthening effectiveness and governance of

ADRs