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UNECA African Economic Outlook 2010 Africa 2009-11 Positive signs after the crisis Measuring the Pulse of Africa Abidjan, Côte d’Ivoire Monday, 24th May 2010

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Page 1: Presentation - African Economic Outlook 2010 · 2019-06-29 · (European Development Fund) Other partners UNECA Lead partner ... Oil and gold Copper and aluminium Rice, ... (Forum

23 April 2009

UNECA

African Economic Outlook 2010

Africa 2009-11 Positive signs after the crisis

Measuring the Pulse of Africa

Abidjan, Côte d’Ivoire Monday, 24th May 2010

Page 2: Presentation - African Economic Outlook 2010 · 2019-06-29 · (European Development Fund) Other partners UNECA Lead partner ... Oil and gold Copper and aluminium Rice, ... (Forum

AEO Partners

Financial partners (European Development Fund)

Other partners UNECA

Lead partner (since 2007/08)

Experts Network 10 Independent African Think Tanks

Page 3: Presentation - African Economic Outlook 2010 · 2019-06-29 · (European Development Fund) Other partners UNECA Lead partner ... Oil and gold Copper and aluminium Rice, ... (Forum

Increased coverage and relevance for the continent

Coverage

from 47 to 50 countries

(+ Comoros, Guinea-Bissau and

Sao Tomé & Principe)

Relevance

99.5% of Africa’s GDP

97.3% of its population

Page 4: Presentation - African Economic Outlook 2010 · 2019-06-29 · (European Development Fund) Other partners UNECA Lead partner ... Oil and gold Copper and aluminium Rice, ... (Forum

Focusing on key structural issues every year

Special annual focus

2003: Privatisation

2004: Energy

2005: SMEs

2006: Transport

2007: Water and sanitation

2008: Technical & vocational skills development

2009: Innovation and ICT

2010: Public Resource Mobilisation and Aid

Page 5: Presentation - African Economic Outlook 2010 · 2019-06-29 · (European Development Fund) Other partners UNECA Lead partner ... Oil and gold Copper and aluminium Rice, ... (Forum

Overview

Macroeconomic Outlook

Drivers of Growth

1

2

3

4

The Global Crisis and Africa’s Resilience

Challenges and Risks Ahead

Page 6: Presentation - African Economic Outlook 2010 · 2019-06-29 · (European Development Fund) Other partners UNECA Lead partner ... Oil and gold Copper and aluminium Rice, ... (Forum

0

1

2

3

4

5

6

7

8

9

10

2001 2002 2003 2004 2005 2006 2007 2008 2009 (e) 2010 (p) 2011(p)

%

Real GDP growth (%) in Africa

The outlook is generally positive...

+ 4.5% in 2010

+ 5.2% in 2011

PART 1: MACROECONOMIC OUTLOOK

Page 7: Presentation - African Economic Outlook 2010 · 2019-06-29 · (European Development Fund) Other partners UNECA Lead partner ... Oil and gold Copper and aluminium Rice, ... (Forum

Real GDP Growth

March 2010 estimates

2008 2009(e) 2010(p) 2011(p)

Real GDP Growth (%)

Central Africa 4.8 1.7 4.4 4.4

Eastern Africa 7.2 5.8 6.2 6.4

Northern Africa 5.3 3.8 4.8 5.4

Southern Africa 5.4 -1.1 3.4 4.3

Western Africa 5.5 3.0 4.4 5.5

Africa 5.6 2.5 4.5 5.2

Additional Areas of Differentiation

North Africa (including Sudan) 5.4 3.8 4.8 5.3

Sub-Saharan Africa 5.7 1.6 4.3 5.2

Oil-exporting countries 6.0 3.1 4.9 5.5

Oil importing countries 5.0 1.8 4.0 4.8

Differentiated performance across the continent PART 1: MACROECONOMIC OUTLOOK

Page 8: Presentation - African Economic Outlook 2010 · 2019-06-29 · (European Development Fund) Other partners UNECA Lead partner ... Oil and gold Copper and aluminium Rice, ... (Forum

Projected 10 fastest growing countries in 2010

0 2 4 6 8 10 12

Zambia

Mozambique

Malawi

Congo, DRC

Ghana

Uganda

Angola

Liberia

Ethiopia

Congo, Rep

%

2011

2010

Resource

rich

PART 1: MACROECONOMIC OUTLOOK

Page 9: Presentation - African Economic Outlook 2010 · 2019-06-29 · (European Development Fund) Other partners UNECA Lead partner ... Oil and gold Copper and aluminium Rice, ... (Forum

Projected 10 slowest growing countries in 2010

-1 0 1 2 3 4 5

Gabon

Namibia

Togo

South Africa

Lesotho

Swaziland

Chad

Comoros

Equatorial Guinea

Madagascar

%

2011

2010

Resource

rich

PART 1: MACROECONOMIC OUTLOOK

Page 10: Presentation - African Economic Outlook 2010 · 2019-06-29 · (European Development Fund) Other partners UNECA Lead partner ... Oil and gold Copper and aluminium Rice, ... (Forum

Improving commodity prices and volumes

The drivers of growth still largely trade related...

World trade (volume)

Africa exports (volume)

-15

-10

-5

0

5

10

15

2001 2002 2003 2004 2005 2006 2007 2008 2009 2010 2011

Growth rates

SECTION 2: DRIVERS OF GROWTH

Oil and gold

Copper and

aluminium

Rice, wheat

and maize

Page 11: Presentation - African Economic Outlook 2010 · 2019-06-29 · (European Development Fund) Other partners UNECA Lead partner ... Oil and gold Copper and aluminium Rice, ... (Forum

Private financial flows are to rebound…

FDI flows to Africa

2000-2009

0

10

20

30

40

50

60

70

80

90

100

USD

bill

ion

SECTION 2: DRIVERS OF GROWTH

Page 12: Presentation - African Economic Outlook 2010 · 2019-06-29 · (European Development Fund) Other partners UNECA Lead partner ... Oil and gold Copper and aluminium Rice, ... (Forum

Real GDP Growth

In 2009, the crisis slashed economic growth …

… however, the continent continued growing and the impact was unequal across regions

SECTION 3: THE GLOBAL CRISIS AND AFRICA’S RESILIENCE

Page 13: Presentation - African Economic Outlook 2010 · 2019-06-29 · (European Development Fund) Other partners UNECA Lead partner ... Oil and gold Copper and aluminium Rice, ... (Forum

-8 -6 -4 -2 0

Seychelles

Madagascar

Botswana

Niger

Namibia

Mauritania

Chad

Angola

Gabon

South Africa

Equatorial Guinea

%

Resource

rich

11 countries experienced declines in GDP per capita of 2% or more in 2009

Whereas some countries saw negative growth… SECTION 3: THE GLOBAL CRISIS AND AFRICA’S RESILIENCE

Key Vulnerability

Factors

Oil

Minerals Political Crises

Page 14: Presentation - African Economic Outlook 2010 · 2019-06-29 · (European Development Fund) Other partners UNECA Lead partner ... Oil and gold Copper and aluminium Rice, ... (Forum

0 2 4 6 8

Djibouti

Mozambique

Zambia

Uganda

Morocco

Malawi

Congo, Rep

Ethiopia

%

Resource rich

… many others have proved resilient

Several countries saw GDP per capita increase between 3% and 7% in 2009

SECTION 3: THE GLOBAL CRISIS AND AFRICA’S RESILIENCE

Key Resilience

Factors

Agriculture

Diversification China

Page 15: Presentation - African Economic Outlook 2010 · 2019-06-29 · (European Development Fund) Other partners UNECA Lead partner ... Oil and gold Copper and aluminium Rice, ... (Forum

Economic policies key to resilience

Macro balances deteriorated in 2009, but are expected to improve in the mid-term

-6

-4

-2

0

2

4

6

8

2001 2002 2003 2004 2005 2006 2007 2008 2009 (e)

2010 (p)

2011 (p)

Current Account Balance

Fiscal Balance

% of GDP

0

2

4

6

8

10

12

2001 2002 2003 2004 2005 2006 2007 2008 2009 (e)

2010 (p)

2011 (p)

Inflation

SECTION 3: THE GLOBAL CRISIS AND AFRICA’S RESILIENCE

%

Page 16: Presentation - African Economic Outlook 2010 · 2019-06-29 · (European Development Fund) Other partners UNECA Lead partner ... Oil and gold Copper and aluminium Rice, ... (Forum

ODA (not declined) Supportive aid flows SECTION 3: THE GLOBAL CRISIS AND AFRICA’S RESILIENCE

Page 17: Presentation - African Economic Outlook 2010 · 2019-06-29 · (European Development Fund) Other partners UNECA Lead partner ... Oil and gold Copper and aluminium Rice, ... (Forum

ODA (not declined) Dynamic emerging partners have also supported growth and assisted with the recovery

-6

-4

-2

0

2

4

6

8

10

12

14

2001 2002 2003 2004 2005 2006 2007 2008 2009 (e) 2010 (p) 2011(p)

%

China

India

Africa

Brazil

SECTION 3: THE GLOBAL CRISIS AND AFRICA’S RESILIENCE

Real GDP growth in Africa and emerging countries

Page 18: Presentation - African Economic Outlook 2010 · 2019-06-29 · (European Development Fund) Other partners UNECA Lead partner ... Oil and gold Copper and aluminium Rice, ... (Forum

0

10,000

20,000

30,000

40,000

50,000

60,000

1995 1996 1997 1998 1999 2000 2001 2002 2003 2004 2005 2006 2007 2008 2009

$b

n

China's imports from Africa

China's exports to Africa

While emerging partners dynamism helped to support growth and to trigger recovery China’s role stands out

SECTION 3: THE GLOBAL CRISIS AND AFRICA’S RESILIENCE

Page 19: Presentation - African Economic Outlook 2010 · 2019-06-29 · (European Development Fund) Other partners UNECA Lead partner ... Oil and gold Copper and aluminium Rice, ... (Forum

0

2

4

6

8

10

12

14

16

1996 1997 1998 1999 2000 2001 2002 2003 2004 2005 2006 2007 2008

1. Global economy not recovering as expected

2. Exit strategies might be politically difficult and harm fundamentals

3. Expectations of food prices rising again new social tensions?

4. Commodity driven growth might bring further specialisation and growth volatility

Key risks

0

50

100

150

200

250

300

350

2000 2001 2002 2003 2004 2005 2006 2007 2008 2009 2010

Food Price Index Meat Price Index Dairy Price Index

Cereals Price Index Oils Price Index Sugar Price Index

Annual Food Price Indices (2002-04=100)

AEO Diversification Index

SECTION 4: CHALLENGES AND RISKS AHEAD

Page 20: Presentation - African Economic Outlook 2010 · 2019-06-29 · (European Development Fund) Other partners UNECA Lead partner ... Oil and gold Copper and aluminium Rice, ... (Forum

Address the structural problems that existed before the global crisis and constrain the potential of sustained endogenous growth, in particular:

– Further improving political and economic governance

– Improving infrastructure

– Reducing barriers for intra-African trade

– Combating inequalities and poverty

… including through improved domestic resource mobilisation

Beyond crisis recovery

SECTION 4: CHALLENGES AND RISKS AHEAD

Page 21: Presentation - African Economic Outlook 2010 · 2019-06-29 · (European Development Fund) Other partners UNECA Lead partner ... Oil and gold Copper and aluminium Rice, ... (Forum

Mobilisation des ressources publiques et aide

Fiscalité et développement : quels enjeux ?

Quelques faits stylisés

1

2

3 Actions prioritaires

Page 22: Presentation - African Economic Outlook 2010 · 2019-06-29 · (European Development Fund) Other partners UNECA Lead partner ... Oil and gold Copper and aluminium Rice, ... (Forum

Réduire la dépendance extérieure

Construire des États

responsables

Améliorer l’efficacité de l’aide

Encourager l’appropriation

et la bonne gouvernance

APD < 50% recettes fiscales

APD> 50% recettes fiscales

Information indisponible

Source: Centre de Développement, sur la base des notes pays des Perspectives économiques en Afrique, 2010.

1: FISCALITÉ ET DÉVELOPPEMENT : QUELS ENJEUX ?

Un enjeu stratégique d’actualité

Page 23: Presentation - African Economic Outlook 2010 · 2019-06-29 · (European Development Fund) Other partners UNECA Lead partner ... Oil and gold Copper and aluminium Rice, ... (Forum

0

400

800

1200

1600

2000

Lib

ye

Gu

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Eq

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Se

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s G

abo

n

Alg

érie

A

ngo

la

Bo

tsw

ana

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iqu

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Sier

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u

Bu

run

di

USD

Recettes fiscales par habitant APD par habitant

MEDIANE

MOYENNE

Réduire la dépendance à l’aide, une ambition réaliste ?

Source: Centre de Développement, sur la base des notes pays des Perspectives économiques en Afrique et l’OCDE/CAD, 2010.

1: FISCALITÉ ET DÉVELOPPEMENT : QUELS ENJEUX ?

Page 24: Presentation - African Economic Outlook 2010 · 2019-06-29 · (European Development Fund) Other partners UNECA Lead partner ... Oil and gold Copper and aluminium Rice, ... (Forum

Source: Centre de Développement, sur la base des notes pays des Perspectives économiques en Afrique, 2010.

Des tendances structurelles encourageantes

0

5

10

15

20

25

30

35

40

45

50

1996 1997 1998 1999 2000 2001 2002 2003 2004 2005 2006 2007

% P

IB

Recettes fiscales

Pays à revenu intermédiaire de la tranche supérieure

Pays à revenu intermédiaire de la tranche inférieure

Pays à faible revenu

2: QUELQUES FAITS STYLISES

Page 25: Presentation - African Economic Outlook 2010 · 2019-06-29 · (European Development Fund) Other partners UNECA Lead partner ... Oil and gold Copper and aluminium Rice, ... (Forum

0

500

1000

1500

2000

2500

3000

3500

1996 1997 1998 1999 2000 2001 2002 2003 2004 2005 2006 2007

USD

par

hab

itan

t

Taxes par habitant

Pays à revenu intermédiaire de la tranche supérieure

Pays à revenu intermédiaire de la tranche inférieure

Pays à faible revenu

≈ 70 USD par habitant

≈ 500 USD par habitant

≈ 3000 USD par habitant

Mais l’écart se creuse entre économies africaines

Source: Centre de Développement, sur la base des notes pays des Perspectives économiques en Afrique, 2010.

2: QUELQUES FAITS STYLISES

Page 26: Presentation - African Economic Outlook 2010 · 2019-06-29 · (European Development Fund) Other partners UNECA Lead partner ... Oil and gold Copper and aluminium Rice, ... (Forum

La hausse des revenus dépend principalement des ressources naturelles

Source: Centre de Développement, sur la base des notes pays des Perspectives économiques en Afrique, 2010.

0

2

4

6

8

10

12

14

16

1996 1997 1998 1999 2000 2001 2002 2003 2004 2005 2006 2007

% P

IB

Recettes fiscales liées aux ressources naturelles

Impôts sur le revenu des particuliers et des entreprises

TVA

Droits d'importations

2: QUELQUES FAITS STYLISES

Page 27: Presentation - African Economic Outlook 2010 · 2019-06-29 · (European Development Fund) Other partners UNECA Lead partner ... Oil and gold Copper and aluminium Rice, ... (Forum

Au niveau national

Hauts

coûts

de collecte

Faibles

coûts

de collecte

Faibles

retours

fiscaux

Hauts

retours

fiscaux

Vs.

3: ACTIONS PRIORITAIRES

A moyen et long terme :

• Encourager le développement du secteur privé

• Bâtir la légitimité fiscale par la qualité de la dépense publique

A court terme :

mieux taxer les grosses

transactions informelles

Page 28: Presentation - African Economic Outlook 2010 · 2019-06-29 · (European Development Fund) Other partners UNECA Lead partner ... Oil and gold Copper and aluminium Rice, ... (Forum

Source: OCDE/CAD, 2010

Pays Rapport Coûts – revenus

moyen

Ethiopie 5.3%

Rwanda 3.2%

Tanzanie 3.2%

Afrique du Sud 1.2%

Argentine Equateur Costa Rica

1.8% 1.0% 0.8%

Pour la coopération au développement

En surestimant largement les efforts

des partenaires au développement…

2%

98%

Coopération technique pour la "gestion financière du secteur public" en Afrique

Coopération technique totale aux autres secteurs en Afrique

3: ACTIONS PRIORITAIRES

Page 29: Presentation - African Economic Outlook 2010 · 2019-06-29 · (European Development Fund) Other partners UNECA Lead partner ... Oil and gold Copper and aluminium Rice, ... (Forum

Dans le dialogue fiscal international

Envisager le reporting pays par

pays… CHANGER LES REGLES DU JEU

MONDIALES

Gérer les abus des prix de transfert par les EMN

Participer au Dialogue fiscal international

Renforcer les initiatives régionales (Forum africain

des administrations fiscales, ATAF)

3: ACTIONS PRIORITAIRES

Page 30: Presentation - African Economic Outlook 2010 · 2019-06-29 · (European Development Fund) Other partners UNECA Lead partner ... Oil and gold Copper and aluminium Rice, ... (Forum

23 April 2009

UNECA

African Economic Outlook 2010

Measuring the Pulse of Africa

www.africaneconomicoutlook.org