presentation

June 16 -17, 2004June 16 -17, 2004 General Dr. Mohamed ATOUIGeneral Dr. Mohamed ATOUI 11

The Future of the New 3rd Generation and Wireless LAN

Wi-Fi, Bluetooth, WAP

ARABCOM 2004The 7th Arab International Telecom & IT Development

Telecom & IT DevelopmentWireless Technologies

Forum and Expo

June 16-17, 2004Beirut – Lebanon

By

General Dr. Mohamed Atwi02 . .ma @aub edu lb

.moatwi@hotmail com


Questions to be Questions to be AnsweredAnswered

What is our wireless World? What are the different generations of

wireless networks? What are the driving forces behind these

wireless technologies? What exactly are these Wireless Networks? What is Wi-Fi, Bluetooth, WAP? What kind of services can they give us? The future of wireless Recommendations


Our Wireless WorldOur Wireless World

We now live in a We now live in a WWeird, eird, WWild, ild, WWireless ireless WWorld where wireless orld where wireless networks are networked to othersnetworks are networked to others

The purpose is to identify the The purpose is to identify the concepts of wireless networks concepts of wireless networks technology and how to use them technology and how to use them effectivelyeffectively


The word The word wirelesswireless is one of those industry is one of those industry buzzwords that has many different buzzwords that has many different meanings, and each is different depending meanings, and each is different depending on the circumstanceson the circumstances

In general, you can safely divide the world In general, you can safely divide the world of wireless into two types of technology:of wireless into two types of technology:

1.1. CellularCellular2.2. Wireless-Fidelity (Wi-Fi)Wireless-Fidelity (Wi-Fi)

The biggest difference between these The biggest difference between these wireless technologies is the wireless technologies is the range, the range, the frequency, and the hardwarefrequency, and the hardware

What is Wireless?What is Wireless?


Types of wirelessTypes of wireless

CellulaCellular r

wireless technology encompasses all wireless technology encompasses all that has to do with that has to do with long-range wireless long-range wireless communication:communication: cellular phones, cellular phones, pagers, SMS, MMS.pagers, SMS, MMS.

Wi-Fi Wi-Fi technology is all that has to do with technology is all that has to do with transferring data between devicestransferring data between devices over a short range:over a short range: wireless LAN, wireless LAN, Bluetooth networking for PDAs, and Bluetooth networking for PDAs, and wireless keyboards. wireless keyboards.


The Cellular NetworkThe Cellular Network


1G/Analog wireless Networks1G/Analog wireless Networks– is also known as the is also known as the 1G technology1G technology

– AMPSAMPS used in the US since 1983, and used in the US since 1983, and

– is still in use, but is still in use, but losing ground to losing ground to digital cellulardigital cellular

The generation gapThe generation gap


2G/Digital Wireless Networks: 2G/Digital Wireless Networks: GSM/IS-136/IS-95GSM/IS-136/IS-95

Uses Uses same frequenciessame frequencies as analog cellularas analog cellular Signal is broken into tiny chunks Signal is broken into tiny chunks

((sampledsampled), then encoded and broadcast ), then encoded and broadcast as as binarybinary numbers, and then numbers, and then reassembledreassembled

Signal is transmitted in a binary format Signal is transmitted in a binary format means that means that additional informationadditional information can be can be added to the signaladded to the signal

Better use of bandwidthBetter use of bandwidth (i.e., more calls), (i.e., more calls), Better securityBetter security, and, and Enhanced serviceEnhanced service



GSM is the GSM is the predominant predominant digital cellular digital cellular technology in Europe and Asia.technology in Europe and Asia.

GSM uses a combination of two digital formats: GSM uses a combination of two digital formats: TDMA and FDMATDMA and FDMA..

GSM technology GSM technology splitssplits the calls into their own the calls into their own time slotstime slots, but also , but also spreadsspreads the chunks across a the chunks across a number of frequenciesnumber of frequencies..

Currently, as GSM moves towards 3G technology, Currently, as GSM moves towards 3G technology, it is more like a combination of TDMA with CDMA.it is more like a combination of TDMA with CDMA.

The Global Standard for MobileThe Global Standard for Mobile communications (communications (GSM)GSM)


GSM Network GSM Network ArchitectureArchitecture

MSC

HLR

VLR

BSS

BSS

BSSOtherMSCs

PSTN/ISDN

All user data:Billing Security,Service data

Data needed to mangemobile calls.It contains a subset ofHLR data


3G/W-CDMA/UMTS3G/W-CDMA/UMTS– Is to provide fairly high speed to support multimedia, Is to provide fairly high speed to support multimedia,

data, and video in addition to voicedata, and video in addition to voice– Is the trend toward universal personal Is the trend toward universal personal

telecommunication and universal communication telecommunication and universal communication accessaccess

– PCS and PCNPCS and PCN are names attached to these concepts are names attached to these concepts and they also form objectives for 3G wirelessand they also form objectives for 3G wireless

– CDMA means that CDMA means that each call is assigned a unique codeeach call is assigned a unique code, , and is then transmitted across multiple frequencies, and is then transmitted across multiple frequencies, depending on what is available. Because each digital depending on what is available. Because each digital call has a unique code, many calls can occupy the same call has a unique code, many calls can occupy the same frequencies at the same timefrequencies at the same time



33rdrd G (Third generation) G (Third generation)– Is an ITU standardIs an ITU standard for the next generation, for the next generation,

designed over and above the 2G technologydesigned over and above the 2G technology– Can work with GSM and CDMA signals. Can work with GSM and CDMA signals.

Essentially, 3G offers Essentially, 3G offers a much higher a much higher bandwidthbandwidth than the previous technologiesthan the previous technologies

– Full mediaFull media Web browsing because of the Web browsing because of the faster bandwidth. faster bandwidth. Color LCDColor LCD screens can screens can display display imagesimages and even and even animationanimation, and the , and the networks are networks are fastfast enough to enough to download filesdownload files in in acceptable amounts of time, and even acceptable amounts of time, and even small small moviesmovies, from one phone to another, from one phone to another

44thth G (Fourth generation) G (Fourth generation)– Still under developmentStill under development

The generation gap (Cntd)The generation gap (Cntd)


IMT-2000IMT-2000 First planned in 1992First planned in 1992 ITU adopted the friendlier name IMT-2000:ITU adopted the friendlier name IMT-2000:

– The year 2000The year 2000– Data rate of 2000 KbpsData rate of 2000 Kbps– Frequencies in the 2000 MHZ regionFrequencies in the 2000 MHZ region– None of these aspirations were fulfilled None of these aspirations were fulfilled

entirely, data rate is achievable, but under entirely, data rate is achievable, but under optimal conditionsoptimal conditions


Wideband- CDMAWideband- CDMA

Favored by most operatorsFavored by most operators Allow hard handovers to GSM Allow hard handovers to GSM GSM can not be upgraded to W-CDMA GSM can not be upgraded to W-CDMA

without GPRS backbonewithout GPRS backbone Wider BW allow higher data ratesWider BW allow higher data rates Using Gold coding techniqueUsing Gold coding technique Need for time synchronizationNeed for time synchronization


UMTSUMTS

Since 1996, W-CDMA standard has been Since 1996, W-CDMA standard has been known as UMTSknown as UMTS

Proposal was picked up by Japanese and Proposal was picked up by Japanese and first network deployed by NTT Do Co Mo first network deployed by NTT Do Co Mo and J-Phone and have commercial and J-Phone and have commercial services in operation by 2002services in operation by 2002

Successful as GSM, quickly spreading to Successful as GSM, quickly spreading to the rest of the worldthe rest of the world

Compatible with GSMCompatible with GSM


UMTS Architecture

UTRAN

RN

S

BT

S

BT

S

BT

S

Site Contr.

B N

ode

I ur

RN

C

I ub

I u

ISDNnetwork

GSMnetwork

B-ISDNnetwork

Core Network

Local Control for handoverMacrodiversity

B N

ode

BT

S

BT

S

BT

S

Site Contr.

BT

S

BT

S

BT

S

Site Contr.

B N

ode

BT

S

BT

S

BT

S

Site Contr.

B N

ode

RN

C

RN

S

I ub

Controlling Radio Access RNS: Radio Network Subsystem

UTRAN: UMTS Terrestrial Radio Access Network


Convergence of Services in IMT-2000Convergence of Services in IMT-2000


Service Type Available over IMT-Service Type Available over IMT-20002000


Use of spectrum by different Use of spectrum by different mobile communications services mobile communications services


Spectrum allocation for 3G and Spectrum allocation for 3G and MSS in major world economiesMSS in major world economies


Up Grade Path to 3Up Grade Path to 3rdrd GenerationGeneration


Understanding Wi-FiUnderstanding Wi-Fi

Wi-fi wireless devices operate at a Wi-fi wireless devices operate at a much much higher wireless frequencyhigher wireless frequency than cellular than cellular

Wi-Fi wireless is also intended to be Wi-Fi wireless is also intended to be used within a used within a much shorter rangemuch shorter range– usually, anywhere from 100 to 500 feet. usually, anywhere from 100 to 500 feet. – mainly due to battery life constraints (most mainly due to battery life constraints (most

wi-fi devices are portable computers or wi-fi devices are portable computers or handheld devices like PDAs).handheld devices like PDAs).


Versions of IEEE 802.11/Versions of IEEE 802.11/moniker wi-fi

A wireless alternative for Internet and LAN A wireless alternative for Internet and LAN accessaccess

802.11bWireless-B

Designed to extend the original 802.11 technology specification to:

use the 2.4 GHz spectrum handle higher bandwidths (11 Mbps)

The lower frequency gives the technology a better range (300 feet) “longwire” replacement technology“longwire” replacement technology

802.11aWireless-A

1 .Is similar to 802.11b2 .Use the 5 GHz spectrum (clear of interference)

3 .allows a higher bandwidth (54 Mbps). However, the higher frequency means it takes more power to transmit the signal, resulting in a shorter range (50 feet) - about half that of 802.11b

802.11gWireless-G

Offers the best of both worlds Wireless-A speed and Wireless-B rangeIs still very new


BluetoothBluetooth

Was named after the tenth century King Haralad Blatland Was named after the tenth century King Haralad Blatland (translated Bluetooth) of Denmark(translated Bluetooth) of Denmark

Bluetooth “unites” a variety of personal devices and designed Bluetooth “unites” a variety of personal devices and designed specifically with specifically with handheld deviceshandheld devices in mind: PCs, cellular in mind: PCs, cellular telephones, headsets, handheld PCs, PDAs, printers, digital telephones, headsets, handheld PCs, PDAs, printers, digital cameras, MP3, players, and so on.cameras, MP3, players, and so on.

Is slower than Wi-Fi (1 Mbps)Is slower than Wi-Fi (1 Mbps) Operates in the Operates in the 2.4 – 2.5 Ghz spectrum2.4 – 2.5 Ghz spectrum, , has very good power has very good power

consumptionconsumption, , andand wireless alternative to cables “shortwire” wireless alternative to cables “shortwire” replacement technology replacement technology a range of about 150 feet.a range of about 150 feet.

Expect to see more Bluetooth enabled devices around home Expect to see more Bluetooth enabled devices around home and officeand office

Is ideal for networking all sorts of devices together, called Is ideal for networking all sorts of devices together, called piconet,piconet, up to 8 devices up to 8 devices


What is WAP? Not a communication protocolWhat is WAP? Not a communication protocol– Is a specification for transmitting data & information Is a specification for transmitting data & information

at high speedsat high speeds along CDMA and GSM along CDMA and GSM– Is the de facto standard for wireless Internet access Is the de facto standard for wireless Internet access

via handheld devices, such as cellular phonesvia handheld devices, such as cellular phones– The most popular original use for WAP technology The most popular original use for WAP technology

was to was to browse the Webbrowse the Web over the cellular network over the cellular network– These "micro-browsers" combined WAP for data These "micro-browsers" combined WAP for data

transfer with HTML to transfer with HTML to display Web contentdisplay Web content (text (text only) only) on the cellular phone's tiny LCD displayon the cellular phone's tiny LCD display

Wireless Application Wireless Application ProtocolProtocol


What can you do now with WAP?What can you do now with WAP?WAP's largest use is still for:WAP's largest use is still for:

Internet and information servicesInternet and information services Text Web browsingText Web browsing e-mail access, ande-mail access, and up-to-the-minute stock symbol tickersup-to-the-minute stock symbol tickers



What is on the horizon?What is on the horizon?– WAP has recently introduced its second incarnation. WAP WAP has recently introduced its second incarnation. WAP

2.0 uses a form of 2.0 uses a form of XML called WMLXML called WML (Wireless Markup (Wireless Markup Language)Language) for markup display on cellular phones. for markup display on cellular phones.

– The biggest advantage to WML is that content written using The biggest advantage to WML is that content written using the language can be easily scaled to fit any device from tiny the language can be easily scaled to fit any device from tiny two line, text-only displays all the way to the larger graphic two line, text-only displays all the way to the larger graphic screens found in 3G cellular phonesscreens found in 3G cellular phones

– WML micro browsers will be able to display color graphics,WML micro browsers will be able to display color graphics, and is optimized for one-handed navigationand is optimized for one-handed navigation



WarchalkingWarchalking is the term given to the activity of is the term given to the activity of walking/driving around public places with an open walking/driving around public places with an open laptop, trying to find unprotected Wi-Fi hotspots.laptop, trying to find unprotected Wi-Fi hotspots.

When a warchalker finds such a spot, marks it with a When a warchalker finds such a spot, marks it with a particular symbol, indicating to others that particular symbol, indicating to others that unprotected wireless access is available at that pointunprotected wireless access is available at that point

Used for networks that are intentionally left open to Used for networks that are intentionally left open to the publicthe public

Example: Coffeehouse Wi-FiExample: Coffeehouse Wi-Fi

WarchalkingWarchalking


Wireless Home NetworkWireless Home Network Very high speed wireless Internet service Very high speed wireless Internet service

may be headed to our doorstepmay be headed to our doorstep Line of sight microwave technologies provide Line of sight microwave technologies provide

as fiber optic-level speedsas fiber optic-level speeds– Multichannel Multipoint Distribution Service Multichannel Multipoint Distribution Service

(MMDS)(MMDS) as 1 G bps within a 35 miles radius as 1 G bps within a 35 miles radius– Local Multipoint Distribution Service (LMDS)Local Multipoint Distribution Service (LMDS) is a is a

wireless solution to bringing very high BW to wireless solution to bringing very high BW to homes and offices on the last mile of connectivity homes and offices on the last mile of connectivity

The Future of WirelessThe Future of Wireless


Wireless Home Wireless Home NetworkNetwork


ResultsResults 3G UMTS is compatible with the 2G GSM system3G UMTS is compatible with the 2G GSM system

– Voice qualityVoice quality– 144 Kbps for High - Mobility Users144 Kbps for High - Mobility Users– 384 kbps available to pedestrians/medium mobility 384 kbps available to pedestrians/medium mobility

usersusers– 2Mbit/s for Low- Mobility Users office use2Mbit/s for Low- Mobility Users office use– Symmetrical/asymmetrical data transmission ratesSymmetrical/asymmetrical data transmission rates– Support for both packet & circuit switched data services Support for both packet & circuit switched data services

UMTS Terminals are Dual Mode Units i.e. They UMTS Terminals are Dual Mode Units i.e. They Are Able to Operate as GSM TerminalsAre Able to Operate as GSM Terminals

Major Difference Is the New Radio InterfaceMajor Difference Is the New Radio Interface– Higher Bit RateHigher Bit Rate

– Greater FlexibilityGreater Flexibility


SummarySummary There are 3 main 3G systems, There are 3 main 3G systems,

Collectively known as IMT-2000 and Collectively known as IMT-2000 and will offer packet switched data at will offer packet switched data at rates exceeding 384 kbps:rates exceeding 384 kbps:– W-CDMAW-CDMA is designed to be backward-compatible is designed to be backward-compatible

with GSM, and requires new spectrum. It is also with GSM, and requires new spectrum. It is also known as UMTS and deployed in Japanknown as UMTS and deployed in Japan

– Cdma2000Cdma2000 is a straightforward upgrade to is a straightforward upgrade to cdmaOne, but itself consists of two competing cdmaOne, but itself consists of two competing proposalsproposals

– EDGEEDGE is a straightforward upgrade to GSM and is a straightforward upgrade to GSM and is also compatible with other TDMA systems, is also compatible with other TDMA systems, such as D-AMPS and PDCsuch as D-AMPS and PDC


SummarySummary

Wireless encompasses Wireless encompasses many types of many types of devicesdevices and and many brands of technologymany brands of technology, , but thebut the trick trick to sorting through it all is to sorting through it all is to know exactly to know exactly what you needwhat you need to use to use the technology for, then branching out the technology for, then branching out from there.from there.

There's a best wireless solution for all There's a best wireless solution for all computing needscomputing needs


RecommendationsRecommendations

Are Arab States in Are Arab States in Need of 3G and Need of 3G and Wireless LAN? Wireless LAN?

presentation

Technology

gsm gsm

wireless world

world of wireless

wireless communication

wireless lan

wireless keyboards

g wireless cdma

types of wireless technology