presentation
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TRANSCRIPT
RFIDRFID
Prepared byRui Wang
Ram Katepally
Any Guesses??
AgendaAgenda
• Introduction and Background• Physical Components• Data Transactions• Data Management • Applications• Conclusion
What is RFID?
IBM Commercial for RFID Supply Chain
RFIDRFID
• Its first use is in World War II.
• Global RFID Market spent $2.7 billion in 2006, and is projecting $26.2 Billion By 2016.
• More and more companies are looking forward to deploying RFID.
• RFID Tag(a.k.a Transponder)
Physical ComponentsPhysical Components
Physical ComponentsPhysical Components
• RFID Reader(a.ka Interrogator)
Fixed Reader Handheld Reader PlugNPlay Readers
Microprocessor + Circuit board + Antenna
How do they work together?How do they work together?
Reader(Transceiver Antenna)
Tag(Transponder)
2
1
Passive Mode
• Active Mode Built-in Battery makes tags broadcasting, reader
becomes the listener
• Semi-active Mode passive mode with battery assisting
RF Electromagnetic spectrumRF Electromagnetic spectrum
Works better on metal and water products
Longer reading range, and faster reading speed
RFID StandardsRFID Standards
RFID data ArchitectureRFID data Architecture
Enterprise System
Middleware
Readers
Tags
Items
Enterprise Interface
Feature Implementation
Reader Interface
Elements of an RFID System
Ubiquitous RFID data Readers
RFID Data
• Data generated from an RFID application is seen as a stream of RFID tuples of the form EPC, location, time.
• large amount of data redundancy• Compressing multiple items that stay together
at a single location is vital in order to reduce the enormous size of the cleansed RFID database.
RFID Data Analysis
• The essence of RFID is automated data collection
• Databases are thus a critical part of most RFID systems
RFID data management & Challenges
• How to interpret the enormous volume of data that an RFID application generates?
• Walmart generates around 7 terabytes of data every day.
• Database vendors like Oracle, IBM and Teradata provide solutions to integrate RFID information into enterprise data warehouses.
RFID Back-End Database
• The RFID system has several RFID readers at the front-end, and a database at the back-end
• Real-life RFID deployments employ a wide variety of physically distributed RFID readers, access gateways, management interfaces, and databases.
RFID TAGID ContainerContents
123 Apples
234 Pears
RFID Back-End Database(cntd..)
Data Architecture(cntd..)
• Node servers Reside inside the reader hardware and check if tags
are registered.
• Cluster Server - Routes tag reads from node servers to interface
servers for applications. - Also periodically checks with node servers to make
sure they are still running.
Data Architecture(cntd..)
• Interface Server - Based on the raw data from cluster server, Interface
server computes higher level events. - Maintain connection with applications - Also respond to event Queries by applications
• Application Server - Runs the application logic and UI.
Smart Card Commercial
Case Study - RFID Credit Cards
• RFID chip or contactless smart card chip• require only physical proximity of credit card
and the reader• Use a small radio transponder that is
energized and interrogated by a reader
According to Visa "This has been the fastest acceptance of new payment technology in the history of the industry"
• RFID card readers capture the information such as:
• Cardholder Name• Complete credit card number• Credit card expiration date• Credit card type• Information about software version and
supported communications protocols
Security Threats of RFID Smart Cards
• Skimming Attack - No cryptography or passwords were required to obtain this data
• Eavesdropping Attack- Captures a copy of transmission between a legitimate credit card
reader and an RFID credit card.
Security of Tags and Readers
ConclusionConclusion
Pros• No line of sight required• Enable automated process• Read multiple tags• Increase accuracy
Cons:• Costly
Questions?