Copyright © 2007 Heathkit Company, Inc. All Rights Reserved

PC Fundamentals

Presentation 31 Presentation 31 –– Multicore, Multicore, Multiprocessing, Multithreading, and Multiprocessing, Multithreading, and

Multitasking.Multitasking.

2

ObjectivesObjectives

At the end of this presentation, you will be able to:

3

Explain the difference between multitasking and multiprocessing.

Explain the difference between multithreading and multiprocessing.

List several disadvantages of achieving multiprocessing by using multiple MPU packages.

Explain the difference between cooperative and preemptive multitasking.

Explain the difference between symmetrical and asymmetrical multiprocessing.

Discuss the internal structure of the Pentium D, Core 2 Duo, and Core 2 Quad microprocessors.

4

““Multi” Multi” — More than what?— More than what?

MultitaskingMultithreadedMultiprocessingMulticore

5

MultitaskingMultitasking

The apparent simultaneous execution of two or more programs by a single processor.

What appears to be simultaneous execution is actually concurrent execution.

Dates back to the earlier days of Windows.

6

Think of Multitasking this way.Think of Multitasking this way.

Program 1

Program 2

Processor

7

Two types of MultitaskingTwo types of Multitasking

CooperativePreemptive

8

Cooperative MultitaskingCooperative Multitasking

Program 1

Program 2

ProcessorThe Applications control the switching.

9

Preemptive MultitaskingPreemptive Multitasking

Program 1

Program 2

Processor

The operating system control the switching.

10

MultitaskingMultitasking

Program 1

Program 2

Processor

11

A single Program or Application can be written so that it can be executed as two or more “threads” of instructions.

A “thread” can be thought of as a stand alone task.

For example, in a video processing application the video information could be processed as one thread; the audio as another.

MultithreadedMultithreaded

12

Think of Multithreading this way.Think of Multithreading this way.

Thread 1

Thread 2

ProcessorApplication

13

Multithreading a Video Processing Multithreading a Video Processing ApplicationApplication

Thread 1(Video)

Thread 2Audio

Processor

Application

VideoVideo Audio

14

ThreadsThreads

Threads occur within a single application.The application must be written for

Multithreading.Not all applications lend themselves to this

form of parallelization.The processor must support multithreading.Not all processors do.

15

Pentium 4 was optimized for Pentium 4 was optimized for multithreading.multithreading.

LogicalCore 1

Pentium 4

LogicalCore 2

Thread 1

Thread 2

Thread 1 Thread 2 Thread 1

16

Pentium DPentium D

Pentium 4

Pentium 4

17

MultiprocessingMultiprocessing

A single computer runs two (or more) separate programs at the same time.

Servers and workstations achieved this by using multiple processors in separate packages.

PCs achieve this by using multiple cores in a single package.

18

Types of Multiprocessing (MP)Types of Multiprocessing (MP)

Symmetrical MP—The operating system assigns tasks as it sees fit.

Asymmetrical MP—The program designer chooses the processor at the time the program is written.

19

Dual Package versus dual core. Dual Package versus dual core.

CPU IC 2

Sockets 2

Heat sinks 2

Fans 2

Fan cable 2

Board Space X2

Dual Packages

CPU IC 1

Sockets 1

Heat sinks 1

Fans 1

Fan cable 1

Board space X1

Dual Core

20

Enter the Core 2 DuoEnter the Core 2 DuoBecause the Pentium D was made up of two

Pentium 4 cores, it was not optimized for dual processing.

Intel redesigned the architecture of the CPU, optimizing it for multiprocessing.

The result is called “Core” architecture. Apparently, this is a new trade name that replaces “Pentium”.

One of the early processors to use this new architecture is the Core 2 Duo.

21

Core 2 DesignCore 2 Design

22

The Core 2 ExtremeThe Core 2 Extreme

Fastest of the Core 2 Duo seriesAllows “over-clocking”, a technique that

allows users to run the CPU at a higher clock speed than the manufacture recommends.

23

The Core 2 QuadThe Core 2 Quad

First Core 2 Die Second Core 2 Die

24

The Core 2 QuadThe Core 2 Quad

Single Core 2 Quad Die

Copyright © 2007 Heathkit Company, Inc. All Rights Reserved

PC Fundamentals

EndEnd