present tense verb formation. first… what is an infinitive verb? in grammar, infinitive is the...
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Present Tense Verb Formation
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First…
• What is an infinitive verb?
• In grammar, infinitive is the base form of the verb. It is the form found in the dictionary. It is the unchanged form of the verb. In English, it is made up of “to + verb”.
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The infinitive verb form in Spanish…
• In Spanish, there are three main groups of verbs. The group is determined by the last two letters of the infinitive:
• verbs ending in –ar (like hablar)
• verbs ending in –er (like comer)
• verbs ending in –ir (like vivir)
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The infinitive verb form in Spanish…
• The infinitive form of the verb in Spanish is made of two parts: the stem and the ending.
• Examples, see chart:• hablar • comer• vivir
stem ending
habl ar
com er
viv ir
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Second…
• What is an conjugated verb?
• In Spanish and English, verbs change depending on the subject (the person doing the action). This is called conjugating the verb.
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To conjugate using the present tense form in Spanish
• Step one: Take off the –ar/-er/-ir ending from the infinitive form.
• Step two: Take the stem and add a new ending (which will depend on whether the infinitive verb ends in –ar/-er/-ir)
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Here are the ENDINGS for the verbs ending in -ar:
-o -amos
-as -áis
-a -an
-a -an
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hablar = to talk
Yo hablo Nosotros hablamos
Tú hablas Vosotros habláis
Usted habla Ustedes hablan
Él/ella habla Ellos/Ellas hablan
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Here are the ENDINGS for the verbs ending in -er:
-o -emos
-es -éis
-e -en
-e -en
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comer = to eat
Yo como Nosotros comemos
Tú comes Vosotros coméis
Usted come Ustedes comen
Él/ella come Ellos/Ellas comen
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Here are the ENDINGS for the verbs ending in -ir:
-o -imos
-es -ís
-e -en
-e -en
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vivir = to live
Yo vivo Nosotros vivimos
Tú vives Vosotros vivís
Usted vive Ustedes viven
Él/ella vive Ellos/Ellas viven
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Three meanings of present tense?The present tense in Spanish can mean three things in English.
Example #1 Yo hablo inglés.I speak English. I do speak English. I am speaking
English.
Example #2 Yo como pan.I eat bread. I do eat bread. I am eating bread.
Example #3 Yo vivo en Buenos Aires.I live in Buenos Aires. I do live in BA. I am living in BA.
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Let’s practice• Yo__________ work en un restaurante.• María y yo ____________read muchos libros.• Julieta ________ writes cartas a sus amigos.• Ustedes_________live en un ciudad muy famosa.• Hoy, tú y él ____________talk por teléfono.• Tú _________run en el parque todos los días• Sofía _____________eats hamburguesas.• Mi hermano __________ leaves de mi casa muy
temprano.
trabajo
leemos
escribe
viven
habláis
corres
come
sale
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Irregular verbs
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ser = to be
Yo soy Nosotros somos
Tú eres Vosotros sois
Usted es Ustedes son
Él/ella es Ellos/Ellas son
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tener = to have
Yo tengo Nosotros tenemos
Tú tienes Vosotros tenéis
Usted tiene Ustedes tienen
Él/ella tiene Ellos/Ellas tienen
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ir = to go
Yo voy Nosotros vamos
Tú vas Vosotros vais
Usted va Ustedes van
Él/ella va Ellos/Ellas van
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estar = to be
Yo estoy Nosotros estamos
Tú estás Vosotros estáis
Usted está Ustedes están
Él/ella está Ellos/Ellas están
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