present status of pesticide recommendations for tea · tea research institute of sri lanka present...

6/10/2014

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Tea Research Inst itute of Sr i Lanka

Present Status of Pesticide

Recommendations for Tea

Keerthi M. Mohotti

Deputy Director Research (Production)

Sixth Stakeholder Forum Workshop on ‘Current Status on the Use of

Pesticides in Tea Plantations’

30 May 2014


Tea Pests in Sri Lanka

Diseases Insects & Mites Nematodes Weeds

Blister blight (Exobasidium vexans)

Shot hole borer (Xyleborus fornicatus)

Root-lesion nematode (Pratylenchus loosi)

Couch ( Panicum repens)

Red root (Poria hypolateritia)

Tea tortrix (Homona coffearia)

Burrowing nematode (Radopholus similis)

Illuk ( Imperata cylindrica)

Black blight (Rizoctonia solani)

Up country live wood termite (Postelectrotermes militaris)

Root-knot nematode (Meloidogyne brevicauda)

Getakola ( Spermacoce spp.)

Red rust (Cephaleuros parasiticus )

Low country live wood termite (Glyptotermes dilatatus) and Neotermes greeni

Arunadevi Wedelia trilobata)

Collar and branch canker (Phomposis theae)

Scavenging termite (Odontotermes horni)

Borreia Borreria latifolia)

Black root (Rosellinia arcuata)

Mites (Five species)

Horse hair blight Nettle grub Red borer Red slug Ants

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ISO Standards

Definition for Black Tea

Tea derived solely and exclusively, and produced by

acceptable processes, notably withering, leaf maceration,

aeration and drying, from the tender shoots of varieties of

the species Camellia sinensis (Linnaeus) O. Kuntze known

to be suitable for making tea for consumption as a

beverage.

ISO 3720:2011

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Producer

Grower

R&D Exporter

Consumer

Buyer

Market

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Food and Beverage Industry:

•Food safety assurance at all production stages and

supply chain

•Attention towards satisfying consumer’s health

concerns: quality and cleanliness than quantity (yield)

and sustainability of the industry.

• Closer interventions through FAO (Food and Agriculture

Organization) IGG (Inter Governmental Group) on Tea

•More legislative and policy instruments for monitoring

standards and specifications

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Requirements for Black Tea (ISO 3720: 1986) and Green

Tea (ISO 3720: 1986)

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Basic and Chemical:

Water extract, Total ash, Crude fiber Standards

Heavy metals Maximum accepted limits

Pesticide residues:

Sri Lankan origin and other origin teas MRLs

Foreign matter and Other:

Siliceous matter, iron particles, dead or live insects and / or insect particles, plastic, fiber, wood, added color

Completely free

Microbial parameters:

Yeast and mold, E. coli, Salmonella Maximum accepted limits


TRI Approach in Pesticide Use

•In tegrated approach in management o f tea

pes ts ( insects , mi tes , nematodes, d iseases

and w eeds)

•IPM components inc lude agronomic ,

b io logica l , cu l tura l and chemica l methods

•More ra t ional and l imi ted use o f pes t ic ides

(P lant Protect ion Products , PPPs) .

• Appropr ia te and sa fe use for sus ta inab i l i ty

by ensur ing product , w orker and envi ronment

sa fe ty

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TRI Approach in Recommending Plant

Protection Products (PPPs)

1. Market acceptance: Consumer concerns

EU / Japan positive list / MRLs / ETC Annex IV

2. ROP register and local market availability

3. Bio efficacy

4. Cost effectiveness

5. Non target effects

6. Environment safety

7. User friendliness

8. Worker safety

9. Agro Chemical and Machinery Screening

Committee (ACMSC)

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Search for New Molecules

Literature FAO / IGG

Working Group

Pesticide Companies

through ACMSC Local Agents ROP

Technical Evaluation

Determination of Doses / Methods

Laboratory Bioassays

Non Target Effects

Incubated / Glass House / Pot Trials / Micro plot Studies

Bioefficacy Trials

Inform Agent Effective

FAO Guided MRL Studies

Adaptive Trials

Guidelines

RECOMMENDATIONS

Advisory Circular

•Mode of Action

•Market Acceptance

•EU / Japan +ve List

Questionable

Satisfactory

MOU

Technology Release Committee 12

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Product Safety Through Minimizing Pesticide Use:

Mapping of pest out breaks and locations

Maintenance of records, data bases and maps

on pest outbreak history and demarcation of

pest active and prone areas and pest pockets

Correct and timely identification of pest stages

and damage threshold levels to avoid

unnecessary spraying

Strict adherence to TRISL recommendations on

chemical and non chemical methods, GAPs and

GMPs

Regular training of field and factory staff on

GAPs and GMPs

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Product Safety: continued

Selection of equipment for application of fungicides,

insecticides and weedicides to ensure correct

application dose

Pre Harvest Intervals (PHIs) for respective agro

chemicals

Bulking of teas (green leaf or made tea) from sprayed

and unsprayed fields

Establish mechanisms for traceability and

accountability in the whole supply chain

Managerial level supervision similar to monitoring at

factory

Periodic analysis of teas for pesticide residues

especially during pest active seasons

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Correct Nozzle types

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Pre Harvest Interval (PHI)

Minimum of 7 Day PHI for all recommended chemicals

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Bulking: Additional precaution / Dilution effect

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Environment Safety:

Proper pesticide storage

Separate sites / points for mixing and

loading of chemicals to avoid

contamination and pollution of water

sources

Proper disposal of used containers

Record keeping

Strengthen non chemical pest

management practices

Establish buffer zones and live fences to

minimize spray drifts

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Monitoring Pesticide Residues in Tea

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• Residues above certain levels are harmful (different levels given for different pesticides)

• Maximum Residue Levels (MRLs) given by individual

countries

• Japan (MHLW laws) and EU (ETC list) have the most

stringent MRLs for tea

• Random monitoring by importing countries – GRAS

(Generally Regarded As Safe) items are also monitored.

• Residues above MRLs – heavy penalties on the

producing country

• Include as ‘Frequently detected chemicals’ making the

exporter to submit test reports.


Eg 1: EU (ETC Issue 17 as at September 2012)

•Code of Practice – Pesticide Residues in Tea

•Annexes II and III for tea

•MRLs for 410 substances set above LOD

•Annexes IV

•List including 52 substances for which MRLs are not

required

•Appendix 2

•Pesticide Residues observed in tea for regular analysis

•Appendix 3a and 3b

•Quality Standard for tea and herbal infusions

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Eg 2: Monitoring by Japan and MHLW

Total ban on imports

Mandatory Inspections (100%)

Increased Monitoring (50%)

Normal Monitoring

Verification of

violations

Verification of

violations

Verification of

violations

Total ban of Ceylon tea

Cost to the supplier

Monitoring by Government

A single violation will

upgrade

inspections to next

level

Cost to the supplier

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TRI’s Role as Specified in the Institute’s

Corporate Plan

•Awareness programs and training of field staff, workers on IPM and

proper use pesticides

•Closer vigilance on changes and concerns on pesticides at global level

•Temporary suspension of concerned chemicals and residue data

generation

•Submission of residue data with applications to the EU, Japan and

CODEX for revision of MRLs

Bitertanol, Propiconazole: EU

Bitertanol, Propiconazole, MCPA: Japan

•Active participation at the Working Group on MRLs of the FAO IGG for

harmonizing standards

•Facilitation of SLTB Guidelines on pesticide use for exports and

imports for re export purposes

•Periodic revision and release of TRISL Advisory Circulars (PU 1 – 4,

PM, DM & WM series)

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0.00

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Fipronil - Declining Wet Season

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Days after spraying

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Fipronil - Declining Dry Season

EU MRL: 0.005 ppm Japan MRL: 0.002 ppm

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Days after spraying

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TRI Recommended Pesticide List – 22 Chemicals

PU1 Circular – Revised in June 2012

Fungicides Weedicides Insecticides

Bitertanol

Copper Hydroxide

Copper Oxide

Copper Oxychloride

Hexaconazole

Propiconazole

Tebuconazole

2,4-D

Diuron

Glufosinate Ammonium

Glyphosate

MCPA

Oxyfluorfen

Paraquat

Carbofuran (N)

Chlorfluazuron

Diazinon

Dazomet (N) - Use in nurseries

Imidachloprid

Fipronil

Metam Sodium (N) - Use in nurseries

Sulphur(A)

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MRLs as atTtoday

Tea

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a.i. EU Japan USA China

Bitertanol 0.10 0.10

Copper Hydroxide 40 Exempted

Copper oxide 40 Exempted

Copper Oxychloride 40 Exempted

Hexaconazole 0.05 0.05

Propiconazole 0.10 0.10

Tebuconazole 0.05 50

2,4-D 0.10 0.01

Diuron 0.10 1.0

Glufosinate Ammonium 0.10 0.30 0.5

Glyphosate 2 1.0 1.0 1.0

MCPA 0.10 -

Oxyfluorfen 0.05 0.01

Paraquat 0.05 0.30

Carbofuran 0.05 0.20

Chlorfluazuron 0.01 10

Diazinon 0.02 0.10

Dazomet 0.02 0.10

Imidachloprid 0.05 10 0.5

Fipronil 0.005 0.002

Metam Sodium 0.02 0.10

Sulphur Exempted Exempted


Status of Testing of Alternate PPPs

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Pest Pesticide to be

replaced Alternate PPPs Bioefficacy trials MRL studies Recommendation

Shot hole borer Fenthion

Fipronil Completed Dossiers and results submitted for revision of MRLs

Pending on mature tea

Lime: Sulphur Completed Not required Pending on mature

tea

Mites Propagite

Lauric acid Completed Not required Pending

Azadirachtin Completed Pending Pending

Milbemectin In progress

Tea Tortrix

Chromafenozide In progress

Thiamethoxam In progress

Proclaim In progress

Blister blight Dry Prilled Cu Completed Completed Pending

Weeds

Paraquat

Glyphosate + MCPA + Iso propile Amine (RAPID)

Completed Pending Glyphosate + Carpentasole Ethyl (TRIGGER)

Weeds: Pre emergent Oxyfluorfen Indaziflam In progress

White grubs Carbofuran Fipronil (Granular formulation) Vertako

In progress Not required

Nematodes Carbofuran Fipronil (Granular formulation) Vertako

In progress Not required

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Surveillance Reports on Sri Lankan Origin Teas

In the EU: according to ETC reports, all

cleared.

In Japan: out of 189 chemicals tested, all

none detected except glyphosate with 0.9

ppm.

JTA cautioned Sri Lanka on the only

detection of glyphosate which is reaching

the MRL of 1 ppm!

Recall issues in Japan on 2-4 D and MCPA

Producers need to support collectively

and in a responsible manner

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Recent Residue Detections in Sri Lankan Origin Teas

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No. Chemical Region Year Country of

Detection

1 Chlorfluazuron Up country Estates Oct 2012 EU

2 Chlorfluazuron Up country Estates Oct 2012 EU

3 Diuron Up country Estates Oct 2012 EU

4 Diuron Up country Estates Oct 2012 EU

5 Anthroquinon Low country Estate Dec 2012 EU

6 Anthroquinon Uva Estates May 2013 Japan EU

7 Chlordane SL Teas May 2013 Japan

8 Heptachlor SL Teas May 2013 Japan

9 Propham SL Teas May 2013 Japan

10 Diuron Mid country Feb 2012 Germany

11 Anthroquinon Up country Estates March 2014 EU

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Quick Access to Tea Related Information

EU: Pesticide data base http/ec.europa.eu/sanco_pesticides/public

Sri Lanka: Updates on pesticide

recommendations for tea www/tri.lk

SLTB AL/MQS-Rev/2010 Annexure A & B

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Thank You

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