pres münnich
TRANSCRIPT
Los retos en la gestión de residuos urbanos en una economía globalizada
Els reptes en la gestió de residus urbans en una economia globalitzada
Challenges in waste management in a globalized economy
ORGANIZADO POR: CON LA COLABORACIÓN DE:
MBT: CONSEQUENCES ON CONSTRUCTION AND OPERATION OF LANDFILLS
Kai Münnich
Leichtweiß-Institute for Hydraulic Engineering and
Water Resources
Department of Waste and Resource Management
Los retos en la gestión de residuos urbanos en una economía globalizadaEls reptes en la gestió de residus urbans en una economia globalitzada
Challenges in waste management in a globalized economy
Common practice of waste disposal….
© Now Public
Los retos en la gestión de residuos urbanos en una economía globalizadaEls reptes en la gestió de residus urbans en una economia globalitzada
Challenges in waste management in a globalized economy
MBT disposal on landfills…Practice of waste disposal in future…. !?
Los retos en la gestión de residuos urbanos en una economía globalizadaEls reptes en la gestió de residus urbans en una economia globalitzada
Challenges in waste management in a globalized economy
< 60 mm < 25 mm
Fresh waste
Why MBT?
Reduction of- risks by emissions during
landfill operation - time necessary for aftercare- effort for aftercare
Changes in construction and operation?
MBT material
Los retos en la gestión de residuos urbanos en una economía globalizadaEls reptes en la gestió de residus urbans en una economia globalitzada
Challenges in waste management in a globalized economy
Quality of MBT waste in Germany:
- Criteria in annex 3 of Landfill Ordinance (2009).
- Stability parameter:- respiration rate: ≤ 5 mg/g (DS) or- digestion rate: ≤ 20 l/kg (DS)- TOCEluate : ≤ 300 mg/l
- Utilisation parameter:- Upper calorific value: ≤ 6000 kJ/kg (DS) or- TOCsolid: ≤ 18 M. % (DS)
low concentrations in leachate
low concentrations of organics in leachate low gas emissions
material size < 40 – 60 mm
Los retos en la gestión de residuos urbanos en una economía globalizadaEls reptes en la gestió de residus urbans en una economia globalitzada
Challenges in waste management in a globalized economy
Waste disposal: no requirements in view of physical parametersbut: maximal emplacement density should be achieved less settlement less leachate higher mechanical stability longer lifespan until end of backfilling
How to determine waste density?- measurement of landfill surface (e.g. GPS)
but, settlement of old waste layers and subsoil is enclosed - sampling on landfill area
problems in sampling- proctortests
maximal size < 60 mmstatic test dynamic compaction on landfill differences?
Los retos en la gestión de residuos urbanos en una economía globalizadaEls reptes en la gestió de residus urbans en una economia globalitzada
Challenges in waste management in a globalized economy
20
30
40
50
60
70
80
90
0,5 0,6 0,7 0,8 0,9 1 1,1 1,2 1,3
Proctordensity [t/m3 DS]
Wate
r co
nte
nt
[w-%
DS
]
Bidlingmaier et al (1999)Kühle-Weidemeier (2004) Rettenberger (2005)Entenmann/Wendt (2007)Heyer et al (2008)Entenmann (2009)LWI (anaerob-aerob)LWI (aerob)
Fresh Waste 0.5 – 1.0MBT material 0.8 – 1.5
Results from proctortests:
Los retos en la gestión de residuos urbanos en una economía globalizadaEls reptes en la gestió de residus urbans en una economia globalitzada
Challenges in waste management in a globalized economy
0,50
0,60
0,70
0,80
0,90
1,00
1,10
1,20
5 10 15 20 25 30 35 40 45
Dry
de
ns
ity [
t/m
3]
MH <60
WHV <60
NH <60
Bu < 60
Water content [w-% WS]
Proctorcurve and material size
Los retos en la gestión de residuos urbanos en una economía globalizadaEls reptes en la gestió de residus urbans en una economia globalitzada
Challenges in waste management in a globalized economy
40
56
sgs engineers
Slope stability:
MBT: - screening to <60 mm reduction of reinforcing material (fibres)
from >25 M.-% to < 5 M.-% Tensile strength??
Reason: plastics are able to take uptensile forces
„grouted anchor“ forthe slope
18
3.01.0
Los retos en la gestión de residuos urbanos en una economía globalizadaEls reptes en la gestió de residus urbans en una economia globalitzada
Challenges in waste management in a globalized economy
Surface settlement:
Calculation based on the physical properties of the waste is notpossible at the moment
Total settlement:
MBT Fresh waste
primary settlement (load): 15 - 20 35 – 50 %
secondary settlement (creep, biol. processes) : < 5 15 - 30 %
Consequences for construction and operation: final surface sealing system can be installed earlier time and effort for monitoring in the closing and aftercare phase
are reduced distinctly
after total filling settlement is completed in large part
as a result of the homogeneity of MBT material large differences in settlement are not to be expected
Los retos en la gestión de residuos urbanos en una economía globalizadaEls reptes en la gestió de residus urbans en una economia globalitzada
Challenges in waste management in a globalized economy
Hydraulic properties:
Parameters important for the movement of water and the generation of leachate at the base of the landfill body:
Infiltration-rate F and saturated hydraulic conductivity k
F > k !
German recommendation: MBT-material: k = 1*10-6 – 1*10-9 m/sFresh waste: k = 1*10-3 – 1*10-6 m/s
Low permeabilities?- Surface runoff possible less leachate at the landfill base- Pore water pressure? slope stability?- higher evaporation rate less leachate
Los retos en la gestión de residuos urbanos en una economía globalizadaEls reptes en la gestió de residus urbans en una economia globalitzada
Challenges in waste management in a globalized economy
1E-09
1E-08
1E-07
1E-06
1E-05
1E-04
0,6 0,7 0,8 0,9 1 1,1 1,2
Dry density [t/m³]
Satu
rate
d h
ydr.
co
nd
uct
ivit
y [m
/s]
< 60 mm< 40 mm< 30 mm
MB
T
Fre
sh w
aste
k-values from laboratory tests
Los retos en la gestión de residuos urbanos en una economía globalizadaEls reptes en la gestió de residus urbans en una economia globalitzada
Challenges in waste management in a globalized economy
Landfill operation - emplacement technology
Engines:
For compaction: compactor?
For distribution: bulldozer/tracked loaders
pad foot roller
and vibrating smooth roller
Los retos en la gestión de residuos urbanos en una economía globalizadaEls reptes en la gestió de residus urbans en una economia globalitzada
Challenges in waste management in a globalized economy
Design of the emplacement surface:
Why ?
To avoid impoundment of surface water
soaking of the surface
impassability of the area
Los retos en la gestión de residuos urbanos en una economía globalizadaEls reptes en la gestió de residus urbans en una economia globalitzada
Challenges in waste management in a globalized economy
© Rettenberger
Design of the emplacement surface: Covering with foils?
Problems:
Generation of condense respectively impounded water underneath the foil
trafficability ?
slipping of the foil ?
Slope of the surface ( 5 %) daily rolling with smooth roller catchment and treatment of surface runoff!
Los retos en la gestión de residuos urbanos en una economía globalizadaEls reptes en la gestió de residus urbans en una economia globalitzada
Challenges in waste management in a globalized economy
Emissions from MBT landfills: Leachate volume
Leachate at the basis + surface runoff = ~ 65 % of precipitation
Leachate at the basis : surface runoff = 55 : 45 %
Los retos en la gestión de residuos urbanos en una economía globalizadaEls reptes en la gestió de residus urbans en una economia globalitzada
Challenges in waste management in a globalized economy
0
1000
2000
3000
Apr/ 10 Mai/ 10 Jul/ 10 Aug/ 10 Okt/ 10 Dez/ 10 Jan/ 11 Mrz/ 11 Mai/ 11 Jun/ 11
CO
D [
mg
/l]
F1 Basis
F1 Surfacenew waste layer
- Leachate and surface runoff must be collected- Dilution effects esp. on concentrations in surface runoff- A purification of both streams might be necessary- Increase in concentrations after emplacement of new waste layers- Concentrations much lower than in fresh wastes, typical for landfills in
the stable methane phase- Biostability is already high (BOD5/COD = 0,02 – 0,15)
Emissions from MBT landfills: Leachate quality
Los retos en la gestión de residuos urbanos en una economía globalizadaEls reptes en la gestió de residus urbans en una economia globalitzada
Challenges in waste management in a globalized economy
By MBT the gas potential is reduced of about 80 – 90 % to 10 – 45 Nm3/Mg DS The gas flux is expected to be low: low permeability of the MBT material
low temperatures in the MBT landfill
Active degassing does not make sense in technical and economical view
Methane oxidation potential:Soil layer: 2,5 – 12 l CH4/m2*hCompost substrate: 12 – 30 l CH4/m2*h
Emissions from MBT landfills: Gas
Passive system, e.g. methane oxidation layer
H2O CO2 O2
CH4CH4
CH4
Recultivation- and methane oxidation layer
> Methane flux from MBT
Los retos en la gestión de residuos urbanos en una economía globalizadaEls reptes en la gestió de residus urbans en una economia globalitzada
Challenges in waste management in a globalized economy
Water household
Stability
Gas
Operation
• less monitoring• shorter duration
Modification
• lower volume of leachate at the base• lower concentrations in leachate • collection treatment of runoff
• higher density• low settlement • flat slopes
• no active degassing and gas treatment
• changes in engines for disposal and compaction• less infrastructure• longer lifespan• less staff
Aftercare
Changes in construction and operation of MBT landfills in comparison to „traditional“ landfills
Los retos en la gestión de residuos urbanos en una economía globalizadaEls reptes en la gestió de residus urbans en una economia globalitzada
Challenges in waste management in a globalized economy
Summary:
Physical behaviour of MBT output material has to be tested before disposal
The construction (slope, engines etc.) and the operation (covering,drainage etc.) have to be adapted to the specific local conditions
Leachate from the base has still to be treated, but the volumesand concentrations are definitely lower
The low volumes of gas can be collected and treated by passivesystems
Time and effort during operation phase is increased, during theaftercare phase clearly reduced
The better the intensity of treatment (or the degree of stabilization) the smaller the effort necessary after closure of the landfill
Surface runoff has to be collected and possibly be treated
Los retos en la gestión de residuos urbanos en una economía globalizadaEls reptes en la gestió de residus urbans en una economia globalitzada
Challenges in waste management in a globalized economy
Dr.-Ing. K. Münnich
Thank you for your attention !