prepared road safety trends for nsw including child and youth issues road safety education workshop...

Prepared

Road Safety Trends for NSW Including Child and Youth Issues

Road Safety Education Workshop 2010

March 2010

Overview

General Road Toll Trends Trends for Child & Youth Casualties Characteristics for Child & Youth Casualties

o Class of Road Usero Gendero Time Periodo Behavioural Risk Factors

Progress with State Plan Road Safety Targets Audit Office Inquiry Into Safety in School Zones

Road Toll in 2009

• The final road toll for 2008 was 374 fatalities, lowest annual total since 1944

• However, provisional total for 2009 was 460 killed, up by 86 (23%) on 2008

Fatalities, NSW, 1944-2009p

460 (2009p)

1,384 (1978)

371 (1944) 374 (2008)

0

200

400

600

800

1000

1200

1400

1944

1946

1948

1950

1952

1954

1956

1958

1960

1962

1964

1966

1968

1970

1972

1974

1976

1978

1980

1982

1984

1986

1988

1990

1992

1994

1996

1998

2000

2002

2004

2006

2008

Year

Num

ber of

Fat

aliti

es

Motor Vehicle Travel in 1944 v 2009

1944 – Petrol Rationing, Second World War continues – no new private vehicles. Vehicles had cross ply tyres, no seat belts, no crumple zones, no freeways, only 1 in 5 people had a drivers licence, the family car had a top speed of 130 km/h

2009 - Holden Commodore - seat belts, air bags (driver, passenger, side & curtain), ABS, ESP, TCS, crumple zones, extensive sections of major highways with dual carriageways, 2 out of 3 people had a drivers licence, the family car had a top speed of 210+ km/h

Road Toll, Population, Licenses and Motor Vehicles since 1944

Comparison of 2009 v 1944Population x 2.5Licence Holders x 11Vehicles x 15

Road Toll, Registered Vehicles, Licence Holders and Population in NSW, 1944 - 2009p (Base Year = 1944)

Road Toll

RegisteredVehicles

Licence Holders

Population

0

2

4

6

8

10

12

14

16

1944

1950

1955

1960

1965

1970

1975

1980

1985

1990

1995

2000

2005

2009

Ratio

(19

44 =

1.0

)

Road TollRegistered VehiclesLicence HoldersPopulation

Historically Low Fatality Rates per Population

2008 fatality rate per population (5.4) lowest since records started back in 1908In 2009 the fatality rate increased to 6.5 fatalities per 100,000 population

Road Traffic Crash Fatalities per 100,000 Population,NSW, 1908-2009p

2009p(6.5)

2008 (5.4)

1950-1960sRapid

Motorisation

1908 (7.6)

1990 RS 2000 Strategy

Dec 1982RBT

Oct 1971Compulsory Seat Belts

1970 (28.9)

WWII

1930sDepression

Peak of Roaring 1920s

0

10

20

30

1908

1918

1928

1938

1948

1958

1968

1978

1988

1998

2008

Year

Fata

litie

s pe

r 10

0,00

0 Po

pulatio

n

Injury Trends

* Note: The discontinuity in the data arises from problems associated with the changes to Police accident data capture procedures in 1997 - the figure for 1997 is believed to be an under-estimate of the actual injuries for that year

Despite the fatality increase in 2009 estimated injuries were down again. Injuries, NSW, 1991-2009p

est 23640

24454 24408

25845

29913

20,000

22,000

24,000

26,000

28,000

30,000

32,00019

91

1992

1993

1994

1995

1996

1997

1998

1999

2000

2001

2002

2003

2004

2005

2006

2007

2008

2009

p

Year

Num

ber of

Inju

ries

Trends for Fatalities Since 1990

• Downward trend since 1990 with the majority of fatalities occurring on country roads but the 2009 increase largely on rural country roads

Fatalities, Urbanisation, NSW, 1990-2009p

Metropolitan

Country

0

100

200

300

400

500

600

700

800

1990 1992 1994 1996 1998 2000 2002 2004 2006 2008

Year

Num

ber

of F

atal

ities

Behavioural Factors for Fatalities

• The four major risk behaviours involved in fatalities are speed, alcohol, driver fatigue and seat belt non-usage

• Speed was the main contributor to the 2009 road toll increase Involvement of Behavioural Factors in Fatalities,

NSW, 2009p, Percentage of Fatalities

39%

14% 15%

23%

48%

22%19% 20%

0%

10%

20%

30%

40%

50%

Speed Alcohol Fatigue Seat Belt Not

Worn*Behavioural Factor

Perc

enta

ge o

f Fat

aliti

es

MetropolitanCountry

2009 Road Toll - Increases Summary

•Economic data (GDP, unemployment levels) indicate that there was mild economic growth in 2009 – contrary to expectations in early 2009 of a severe recession ?• However, the magnitude of the NSW road toll increase in 2009 (+23%) was in stark contrast to the small decrease for the Rest of Australia (-2%)• Provisional drivers/riders in 2009 were close to 2008 levels of involvement• Largest increases

–Country rural areas and the Hunter, South West and Western RTA Regions

–Speed / Inappropriate Speed–Passengers and pedestrians–Sundays, Tuesday, Thursday and Fridays–Weekday Mornings and Afternoon to Early Evenings –Male (young to middle aged) motor vehicle controllers

Trends for Young Casualties Over the Last Ten years

• All age groups have shown improvements over the last ten years

• Reductions amongst 15-19 year olds have been more modest but more recentCasualties, Selected Age Groups, NSW, 1999-2008

44% reduction

32% reduction34% reduction

23% reduction

-

1,000

2,000

3,000

4,000

1999 2000 2001 2002 2003 2004 2005 2006 2007 2008

Age Group

No

of C

asua

lties 0-4

5-910-1415-19

Casualty Risks for Children in NSW

• Casualty rates for young children relatively low but rates rise quickly for 15 to 19 year olds

Casualties per 100,000 Population, NSW,

2006-2008 Three Year Average

0

100

200

300

400

500

600

700

800

0-4 5-9 10-14 15-19 20-24 25-29 30-34 35-39 40-44 45-49 50-54 55-59 60-64 65-69 70+

Age Group

Cas

ualti

es p

er 1

00,0

00 P

opul

atio

n

MalesFemalesTotal

Characteristics of Child and Youth Casualties in NSW

Age Group / Class of Road User Gender / Class of Road UserTime Period / Age x Class of Road User Factors / High Risk Behaviours

0 to 4 Year Olds

• Almost entirely passengers or pedestrians

Casualties, 0-4 Years, NSW,


Pedestrian

18%

Passenger

81%

Pedal Cyclist

1%

5 to 9 Year Olds

• The majority are still passengers or pedestrians, but now around one in twelve are pedal cyclists



Passenger

72%

Pedestrian

20%

M/Cyclist 1%Pedal Cyclist

7%

10 to 14 Year Olds

• The majority are still passengers or pedestrians, but now one in six are pedal cyclists

Casualties, 10-14 Yrs, NSW,


Passenger

54%

M/Cyclist 2%

Pedestrian

23%

Pedal Cyclist

17%

Driver 1%

15 to 19 Year Olds

• More than half of all casualties in this age group are drivers or motorcycle riders

Casualties, 15-19 Yrs, NSW,


M/Cyclist 5%Pedal Cyclist

4%Pedestrian

8%

Driver

52%

Passenger

29%

Passengers Under 20 Years

• Slightly more females than males in the older age groups

Casualties, Passengers,


0

200

400

600

0-4 5-9 10-14 15-19

MaleFemale

Pedestrians Under 20 Years

• More males than females across all age groups

Casualties, Pedestrians,


0

50

100

150

0-4 5-9 10-14 15-19

Male

Female

Pedal Cyclists Under 20 Years

• Significantly more males than females across all age groups

Casualties, Pedal Cyclists,


0

50

100

150

0-4 5-9 10-14 15-19

Male

Female

Drivers Under 20 Years

• More males than females in the applicable age group, even more pronounced amongst fatalities

Casualties, Drivers,


0

200

400

600

800

1,000

0-4 5-9 10-14 15-19

Male

Female

Motorcyclists Under 20 Years

• Significantly more males than females in the applicable age group

Casualties, Motorcyclists,


0

50

100

150

200

0-4 5-9 10-14 15-19

Male

Female

Time Period - 0 to 4 Year Olds



0

20

40

60

80

100

Passengers Pedestrians

HolidaysOther WeekendsSchool Travel TimesDuring SchoolSchool Day Other




0

50

100

150

Passengers Pedestrians Pedal Cyclists





0

50

100

150

200

Passengers Pedestrians Pedal Cyclists





0

100

200

300

400

500

Passengers Pedestrians Pedal Cyclists Drivers Motorcyclists


Passengers - Seat Belt Non Usage

• Seat belt non-usage highest amongst very young casualties or 15 to 19 year olds Casualties, Passengers, % Not Wearing An Available

Restraint, 2006-2008 Three Year Average

0%

2%

4%

0-4 5-9 10-14 15-19 20+yrs

Age Group

Passengers - Seat Belt Non Usage

• Seat belt non-usage even higher amongst fatalities, particularly for 15 to 19 year olds

Fatalities, Passengers, % Not Wearing An Available Restraint,


0%

10%

20%

30%

0-4 5-9 10-14 15-19 20+yrs

Age Group

Pedal Cyclists - Helmet Non Usage

• At least one-third of all child aged pedal cycle casualties were not wearing a helmet

Casualties, Pedal Cyclists, % Not Wearing A Helmet,


0%

20%

40%

60%

0-4 5-9 10-14 15-19 20+yrsAge Group

Pedal Cyclists - Helmet Non Usage

• After increasing since the early 1990’s, the non-usage of helmets has been levelling off over the last few years, particularly for childrenPedal Cycle Casualties, NSW, 1989-2008,

% of Casualties Not Wearing Helmet By Age

(Where Helmet Usage Known)

45%

20%26%

8%11%

5%0%

20%

40%

60%

80%

100%

1989

1990

1991

1992

1993

1994

1995

1996

1997

1998

1999

2000

2001

2002

2003

2004

2005

2006

2007

2008

Year

% N

ot W

earing

Hel

met

0-17 Helmet Non Usage %

18-29 Helmet Non Usage %

30+ Helmet Non Usage %

Drivers - Risk Factors

• Young drivers are more likely to speed or be fatigued than older drivers

Casualties, Drivers Aged 15 to 19 Years, Factors

Involved, 2006-2008 Three Year Average

0%

10%

20%

30%

40%

Illegal Alcohol Excessive

Speed

Fatigue Non Use of

Available Seat

Belt

15-19

20+yrs

Motorcyclists - Risk Factors

• Young motorcycle riders are more likely not to be wearing a helmet

Casualties, Motorcyclists Aged 15 to 19 Years, Factors

Involved, 2006-2008 Three Year Average

0%

10%

20%

30%

40%

Illegal Alcohol Excessive

Speed

Fatigue Non Use of

Helmet

15-1920+yrs

NSW State Plan S7 : Safer Roads Progress Towards Target

• Revised Targets in 2009• Primary target - reduce the fatality rate per 100,000 population to

4.9• Secondary target – reduce the fatality rate per million vehicle km

to 0.70 by 2016 Road Fatalities per 100,000 Population, NSW, 1995 to 2016

6.55.4

7.3

4.9

State Plan Target Line

0

2

4

6

8

10

12

1995

1996

1997

1998

1999

2000

2001

2002

2003

2004

2005

2006

2007

2008

2009

p

2010

2011

2012

2013

2014

2015

2016

Year

Fata

litie

s pe

r 10

0,00

0 po

pula

tion

Auditor-General’s reportPerformance AuditImproving Road Safety: School Zones

Audit of the Road Safety Performance of School Zones in NSW undertaken in March 2009 by the Audit Office of NSW

Two lines of inquiry were1 Are there practical approaches to address road safety around schools ?2 Have these approaches contributed to improved road safety around schools ?

Covering school zones up to the end of 2008

Report tabled in Parliament in February 2010


Conclusions• Reduction in casualties associated with school zones, for both school aged pedestrians and older pedestrians• Despite use school zone signs with flashing lights and fixed speed cameras motorists continue to exceed the 40 km/h speed limit in school zones• Motorists awareness of school zones – some signs are poorly located / poor condition, fail to see signs and line markings, confused as to the operating times• Inadequate enforcement of speed other than the fixed speed cameras• Observed unsafe or illegal parking behaviours occurring in school zones


Reduction in casualties associated with school zones, for both school aged pedestrians and older pedestrians• Based on study of around 820 school zones in Sydney and South West Regions• Crash analysis covered the period 1998 to 2008, comparing with road safety performance in the sample school zones pre 40 km/h zones (1998 to 2000) and post 40 km/h zones (2004 to 2008)• School Zones During School Zone Times in Sydney and South West RTA Regions

– Pedestrians aged 5 to 16 years – 46% decrease– All Pedestrians – 45% decrease

• School Zones Outside School Zone Times in Sydney and South West RTA Regions

– Pedestrians aged 5 to 16 years – 48% decrease– All Pedestrians – 30% decrease

•Total crashes decreased by 35% with pedestrian (-45%) and vehicle opposing (-47%) crashes improving by the largest degree. •Congestion type crashes improved at about the average rate – parking (-37%), rear end (-35%) and manoeuvring (-15%) crashes.


Recommendations• RTA should retain existing school zone facilities• Improve awareness of school zones• Improve compliance• Ensure effectiveness through risk assessment, zone speed limits are applied consistently and information provided to the public• Determine and publish progress on commitment made with regard to the revenue raised from school zone cameras• Determine and publish status of mobile speed cameras in school zones• All organisations should co-operate to ensure new schools are built on roads where risk is minimal and school operating hours are standardised wherever possible. RTA response included in the report Audit Office Report can be found on the Audit Office website at www.audit.nsw.gov.au

http://www.audit.nsw.gov.au/

Questions ?

prepared road safety trends for nsw including child and youth issues road safety education workshop...

Documents

road network

kmh road toll

road safety statistical

family car

final road toll

drivers licence

characteristics of road

motorcycle riders road